scholarly journals Phenology and fruit set of peach trees cultivated in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Claudia Regina Barbieri ◽  
◽  
Gilmar Antônio Nava ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Flowering Intensity

Understanding the dormancy phases and dynamics of commercial cultivars in the regions where they are grown allows for the implementation of different cultural practices and aids in the understanding of the temperature requirements for collaboration with genetic improvement programs. The objective of this study was to determine the budding, flowering, and fruit set rates of peach trees cultivated in the municipality of Dois Vizinhos, Southwestern Paraná, Brazil. The present work was developed using the collection of peach trees in the fruit growing sector of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. Sixteen peach cultivars were evaluated: Rubimel, Leonense, Coral, Marli, Charme, Riograndense, Douradão, Chimarrita, Granada, BR-1, Bonão, and Eldorado (all planted in 2009), as well as Regalo, Kampai, Fascínio, and Zilli (planted in 2014). The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of one plant each, in a 16 × 2 bifactorial arrangement (cultivars × year/harvest). Phenology evaluations were performed weekly by counting open (anthesis) and sprouted flower buds, and the fruit set rate was measured just before fruit thinning. Flowering (%), budding (%), and fruit set (%) rates were calculated. It was found that the year/harvest 2016 promoted the highest rates of sprouting and fruit set. The Bonão cultivar showed greater flowering intensity and regularity in the crop years evaluated (2016 and 2017). Coral and Kampai present fruit sets with greater intensities and regularities when compared to the other cultivars evaluated under the climatic condition of the municipality of Dois Vizinhos. The Riograndense cultivar showed greater irregularity in flowering and fruit production.

scholarly journals Heading of shoots and hand thinning of flowers and fruits on 'BRS Kampai' peach trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin ◽  
Gustavo Klamer de Almeida ◽  
Mateus Pereira Gonzatto ◽  
Daniel Chamorro Darde
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
No Production ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Heading Control ◽  
Peach Trees

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot heading and of hand thinning in different development stages of flowers and fruits on the fruit production and quality of 'BRS Kampai' peach (Prunus persica) trees. The experiment was performed during three crop years, under the conditions of the “Depressão Central” region in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the treatments were: T1, heading of half of the mixed shoot; T2, heading of one third of the mixed shoot; T3, flower thinning in the pink bud stage; T4, thinning at full bloom; T5, thinning of fruit with 5 mm; T6, thinning of fruit with 20 mm; and T7, no thinning or heading (control). Fruit production and quality were evaluated. Plants with no thinning were more productive, but showed high frequency of fruits with a diameter smaller than 60 mm. Shoot heading reduced production per tree and resulted in small-sized fruit. Thinning time did not affect production, and fruit size was greater when thinning was performed at the bloom stage. 'BRS Kampai' peach trees can be thinned starting at bloom, which provides greater fruit size, with no production loss.

scholarly journals 657 Relationship between Intensity of Flowering and Cropping in Fruit and Nuts

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561C-561
Author(s):  
E.W. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Flowering Intensity

The relationship between intensity of flowering and various aspects of cropping will be reviewed for fruit and nuts. Clearly, relatively light flowering can limit yield in most fruit and nut species. This commonly occurs before mature bearing commences and in “off” years for varieties that display alternate bearing. During mature bearing, many species will carry fruit numbers that exceed commercially desired levels, resulting in excessively small fruit and accentuating alternate bearing. The economic disadvantages of excess cropload have resulted in considerable research on fruit thinning and widespread commercial application of this practice. Heavy flowering intensity in some crop species results in economic disadvantages beyond the problems of excessive cropload and resultant small fruit size. Many species flower profusely and have initial fruit set far in excess of final tree capacity, resulting in abscission of numerous flowers and fruitlets. Abscised organs can represent a substantial investment in carbohydrates and nutrients, compromising availability at critical periods in flower and fruit development. The potential implications of this process are best exemplified in navel orange, where an increase in flowering beyond intermediate intensity results in a reduction in both initial fruit set and final fruit yield at harvest. In several crops, there is evidence that fruit size may be reduced by excessive flowering, even when cropload is quickly adjusted to an acceptable level. These data suggest that further research on the advantages of controlling flowering intensity is warranted.

scholarly journals Influence of Blossom and Fruit Thinning on Peach Flower Bud Tolerance to an Early Spring Freeze

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
R.P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Crop Density

Peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) BatSch.] blossom-thinned by hand were overthinned due to poor fruit set of the remaining flowers; however, their yield was equivalent to trees hand-thinned 38 or 68 days after full bloom (AFB). Blossom-thinned trees had three times the number of flower buds per unit length of shoot and had more than two times the percentage of live buds after a March freeze that had occurred at early bud swell the following spring. Blossom-thinned trees were more vigorous; their pruning weight increased 45%. For blossom-thinned trees, the number of flowers per square centimeter limb cross-sectional area (CSA) was two times that of hand-thinned trees and four times that of the control trees for the next season. Fruit set of blossom-thinned trees was increased four times. Flower buds on the bottom half of shoots on blossom-thinned trees were more cold tolerant than when hand-thinned 68 days AFB. Fruit set per square centimeter limb CSA was 400% greater the following year on blossom-thinned trees compared to controls. Removing strong upright shoots on scaffold limbs and at renewal points early in their development decreased dormant pruning time and weight and increased red pigmentation of fruit at the second picking. The number of flower buds per unit shoot length and percent live buds after the spring freeze were negatively related to crop density the previous season for trees that had been hand-thinned to varying crop densities at 48 days AFB. According to these results, blossom thinning and fruit thinning to moderate crop densities can influence the cold tolerance of peach flower buds in late winter.

Release of Osmia excavata and Osmia jacoti (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) for apple pollination

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ge Wei ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Michael J. Smirle ◽  
Huan-Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Fruit Diameter ◽  
Better Than

AbstractTwo species of bees native to China, Osmia excavata Alfken and Osmia jacoti Cockerell, were released in 1991–1993 to observe life-history characteristics and assess pollination efficiency. Osmia excavata successfully established in both coastal (Shandong Province) and interior (Hebei Province) habitats, whereas O. jacoti was only able to establish in the coastal habitat. Sex ratios (female:male) ranged from 1:1.05 for O. jacoti to 1:2.46 for O. excavata. Apple, Malus domestica Borkh (Rosaceae), pollination was enhanced following the release of either species in orchards in Shandong. Fruit diameter increased following the release of either Osmia species in 'Red Delicious' blocks compared with control blocks where no pollination treatment was applied. The number of seeds per fruit was also increased relative to controls, and the percentage of asymmetrical fruit decreased. Release of O. excavata produced the best results for this cultivar. For 'Ralls Janet', the number of seeds per fruit increased following the release of either species and the percentage of asymmetrical apples decreased. Effects on fruit diameter were confounded by poor cultural practices (i.e., lack of adequate fruit thinning) in these 'Ralls Janet' blocks. Fruit set increased relative to controls following release of either Osmia species for both apple cultivars. Release of O. excavata also produced higher fruit set relative to blocks that received hand pollination treatment; release of O. jacoti was better than hand pollination only for 'Red Delicious'. Observations on the behaviour of individuals showed that O. excavata averaged 49.6 foraging trips per day and set an estimated 3108 fruit on 'Ralls Janet'; O. jacoti made fewer foraging trips (average of 31.2) per day and set 1831 fruit. Both species were more efficient pollinators than Apis mellifera. Osmia excavata would appear to be a better candidate for commercial apple pollination than O. jacoti under conditions similar to those in this study.

scholarly journals Yield and crop cycle time of peaches cultivated in subtropical climates and subjected to different pruning times

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4099
Author(s):  
Rafael Augusto Ferraz ◽  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Daniela Mota Segantini ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio ◽  
Luis Eduardo Correa Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
June July ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Plot Design

<p>The cultivation of peaches in regions of subtropical and tropical climate is currently achieved through a set of practices such as using less demanding cultivars in cold conditions, applying plant growth regulators to break dormancy, and performing specific pruning, like production and renewal pruning. Research on the climate adaptation of cultivars is of great importance in establishing a crop in a given region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three cultivars subjected to different production pruning times in Botucatu/SP, where 2-year old peach trees were evaluated, grown at a spacing of 6.0 x 4.0 meters. The experimental design was a split plot design with four blocks, using the cultivars Douradão, BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel, and the subplots corresponded to pruning times in May, June, July and August. Ten plants were used per plot, with the four central plants considered useful and the remaining considered as margins. Pruning in June and July showed the best results in terms of percentage of fruit set and production. The cultivar BRS Rubimel showed the best percentage of fruit set when pruned in June (44.96%), and best fruit production when pruned in July (18.7 kg plant-1). Pruning in May anticipated the harvest of cultivar BRS Rubimel by 13 days whereas pruning carried out in July and August provided late harvests for cultivars Douradão and BRS Kampai.</p>

Effect of a Single Defoliation and Fruit Thinning on Papaya Fruit Production and Quality

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 497d-497
Author(s):  
Lili Zhou ◽  
David Christopher ◽  
Robert E. Paull
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Young Fruit ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Fruit Mass

The effect of defoliation and fruit thinning on papaya fruit set, growth, and ripe fruit quality was determined. Three defoliation levels (0%, 50%, 75%) and two defoliation methods (75% leaf cut off from the oldest to the youngest vs. 75% leaves removed in a spiral from the oldest) was compared with fruit thinning experiment on `Sunset' papaya during the warm season. Removal of 75% of the leaves significantly reduced new flower and fruit set, and decreased TSS level in ripe fruit. There was no significant difference between 0% and 50% defoliation in new fruit set, or ripe fruit TSS levels. Removal of leaves in a spiral reduced the number of new flower and fruit set more than the defoliation from the bottom to top. Defoliation of the `Kapoho' variety increased ripe fruit number and significantly reduced ripe fruit TSS and sugar level, dry mass persentage 2 weeks after defoliation. There was no significant difference between defoliated and non-defoliated treatment in fruit production, average fruit mass, and percentage of fruit flesh and seed, seed mass ratio, and seed dry mass during the test period. Fruit thinning increased new fruit set and increased ripe fruit TSS level in Line-8 and `Sunset', but not in `Kapoho'. However, average ripe fruit mass increased in fruit thinning experiment in `Kapoho' but not `Sunset' and Line-8 varieties. Fruit thinning also increased remaining young fruit TSS and sugar levels on the remaining fruit on plants compared to same-aged fruit on control and defoliated plants in Line-8. There was no effect on `Kapoho' young fruit TSS and sugar levels of defoliation. Ripe fruit TSS varied with weather conditions, plant growth conditions, and cultivars. These results indicated that although different cultivars had different responses to artificial defoliation and fruit thinning, source–sink balance and the ratio of fruit to leaf was an important factor in controlling potential fruit production and final fruit quality.

Thinning response of ‘Redhaven’ peaches to 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
John A. Cline ◽  
Catherine J. Bakker ◽  
Amanda Beneff
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Fruit Load

Peach trees bear an abundance of flowers which produce a surplus of fruit that the tree is unable to support. A self-regulatory mechanism enhances the abscission of immature fruitlets leading to a reduced fruit load, but this is often insufficient to achieve fruit of marketable size. Supplementary manual fruit thinning is typically required to optimize economic fruit load. This 2-yr study investigated the response of ‘Redhaven’ peach trees to sprays of 300 and 600 mg L−1 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC) during the phenological stages of full bloom, shuck split, and ∼20 mm fruitlet diameter. The objective was to determine the efficacy of ACC on fruit set, fruit size, and yield at harvest and the amount of hand-thinning required at “June drop”. Although the response to ACC varied between the 2 yr, 600 mg L−1 ACC spray at full bloom (2018) and at ∼20 mm fruit size (2019) reduced fruit set, the need for hand-thinning by 59%–66%, and crop load. Treatments also had varying but significant effects on leaf yellowing and leaf drop when measured shortly after application. ACC reduced total yield and number of fruit per tree in both study years and increased fruit weight in 2019. Overall, peaches were responsive to ACC at a range of timings from bloom to ∼20 mm fruit size. This study enhances our understanding of ACC on fruitlet abscission of peaches and is one of few studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of a chemical fruitlet thinner for peaches.

THINNING SPARTAN APPLES WITH CARBARYL AND 1-NAPHTHALENEACETIC ACID: INFLUENCE OF SPRAY VOLUME AND COMBINATIONS OF CHEMICALS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. LOONEY ◽  
J. E. McKELLAR
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
Flowering Intensity

In three of four experiments conducted between 1979 and 1981, significantly better fruit thinning of Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) was achieved with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (17–34 g/ha) tank-mixed with carbaryl (1.67–2.25 kg/ha) than with either chemical applied singly. NAA usually thinned more effectively than carbaryl. Spray volume (from 560 to 4400 L/ha) was not a major factor influencing the thinning result but in the two experiments where it was a significant main effect, better thinning was achieved with reduced spray volume. Sprays applied at 15 days after full bloom were more effective than those applied at 25 days. In three experiments, the number of blossom clusters per unit of branch cross-sectional area (’flowering intensity’) was a highly significant covariate with proportionally fewer fruits setting when flowering intensity was high. Therefore, an analysis of covariance permitted better resolution of the spray treatment effects.Key words: Chemical thinning, fruit set, Malus domestica

scholarly journals Yield and crop cycle time of peaches cultivated in subtropical climates and subjected to different pruning times

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4099
Author(s):  
Rafael Augusto Ferraz ◽  
Sarita Leonel ◽  
Daniela Mota Segantini ◽  
Marco Antonio Tecchio ◽  
Luis Eduardo Correa Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
June July ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Plot Design

The cultivation of peaches in regions of subtropical and tropical climate is currently achieved through a set of practices such as using less demanding cultivars in cold conditions, applying plant growth regulators to break dormancy, and performing specific pruning, like production and renewal pruning. Research on the climate adaptation of cultivars is of great importance in establishing a crop in a given region. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of three cultivars subjected to different production pruning times in Botucatu/SP, where 2-year old peach trees were evaluated, grown at a spacing of 6.0 x 4.0 meters. The experimental design was a split plot design with four blocks, using the cultivars Douradão, BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel, and the subplots corresponded to pruning times in May, June, July and August. Ten plants were used per plot, with the four central plants considered useful and the remaining considered as margins. Pruning in June and July showed the best results in terms of percentage of fruit set and production. The cultivar BRS Rubimel showed the best percentage of fruit set when pruned in June (44.96%), and best fruit production when pruned in July (18.7 kg plant-1). Pruning in May anticipated the harvest of cultivar BRS Rubimel by 13 days whereas pruning carried out in July and August provided late harvests for cultivars Douradão and BRS Kampai.

scholarly journals Growth and cropping of two cultivars of peach and nectarine in the conditions of the Sandomierska Plateau

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Reaction

Abstract In this experiment, the growth of peach and nectarine trees was determined to be related to the cultivar. ‘Inka’ peach trees grew weaker than ‘Harbinger’ trees. The ‘John Rivers’ nectarine was characterized by stronger growth than the ‘Harko’. The amount of crops produced by the trees was related to the cultivar and the meteorological conditions during winter and spring. ‘Inka’ produced higher yields and bigger fruits as compared to ‘Harbinger’. The ‘Harko’ cultivar provided significantly higher yields than the ‘John Rivers’ only in 2006. Peach and nectarine fruit production in the Sandomierska Plateau in the years 2004 − 2007 was risky. In 2006, damage to the flower buds during winter caused no crop yield in young peach trees and the older ones of the ‘Harbinger’ cultivar. A minor reaction to the temperature drop, down to -26.8oC, was found for nectarines in comparison with peach trees. In 2007, the spring frost injured flower pistils and caused a lack of crops from the studied cultivars.

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