Protein-energy supplementation on productive and nutritional performance of grazing beef heifers

This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of protein-energy supplementation on productive performance, intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed tropical forage. Twelve Nellore heifers at 11 months of age, with a mean initial body weight of 248.8 ± 11.40 kg were used. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replicates. The treatments evaluated were: control (without supplementation); and supplementation in the amount of 1.5 kg animal-1 day-1. Forage samples were collected to evaluate the chemical composition and the total availability of dry matter of the pasture consumed by the animals. To evaluate the intake and forage digestibility, a trial was performed using internal and external markers. In this study no effect of supplementation was observed on the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), forage DM, or neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap; P > 0.10). However, supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the intakes of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC). Additionally, an upward trend (P=0.076) was observed in the intake of digested OM (DOM) with supplementation. On the other hand, supplementation increased (P < 0.01) the digestibility coefficients of OM, CP, EE, and NFC, although supplementation did not affect the ruminal synthesis of nitrogen compounds (MICN), efficiency of protein microbial synthesis (EMS), relative microbial nitrogen (RMICN) or urine urea nitrogen (UUN) excretion (P > 0.57). Lastly, supplementation increased (P=0.050) the average daily gain of the animals, although no effect (P > 0.10) was observed on their final body weight. These results suggested that protein-energy supplementation improves the productive performance and nutritional characteristics of grazing beef heifers.

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Intake, digestibility and performance of lambs fed with diets containing cassava peels

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000300010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gilmara Santos Guimarães ◽

Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽

Luciano Lemos da Silva ◽

Luísa Miranda Girardi Galvão ◽

Lenon Machado dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Linear Effect ◽

And Performance ◽

Cassava Peel

Sheep farming is designated to economic exploitation, and dry matter intake is the most important factor that influences the performance of animal, thus seeking alternative foods. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion levels of cassava peel on intake, digestibility and performance of feedlot lambs. We used 32 crossbred lambs Santa Inês uncastrated, mean body weight of 21 ± 1.5 kg. Treatments were arranged in a randomized design to animals, with inclusion levels of cassava peel (0, 10, 20, 30%) in the diet dry matter and forage cassava leaf hay. During 70 days, there have been weighing the food provided, leftovers, and animals, and feces collection. The intake of dry matter (DMI), organic matter (OMI), crude protein (CPI), ether extract (EEI), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDIap), total carbohydrates (CTI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFCI), total digestible nutrients (TDNI), as well as DMI and NDFap/kgCP, DMI and NDFIap/PC0.75 levels have not been affected by the inclusion of cassava peel. Similar results for DM digestibility, NDF, CP, MO, CT and the TDN. DEE had a growing linear effect whereas DNFC presented a quadratic effect. Average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), initial body weight (BWinitial), final body weight (BWfinal), warm carcass weight (WCW) and warm carcass yield (WCR) showed no changes. It is concluded that the peel cassava may be included in diet until 30%, without change dry matter intake and animal performance.

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BISON AND HEREFORD STEER DIGESTION OF SEDGE HAY

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-022 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. W. L. HAWLEY ◽

D. G. PEDEN ◽

W. R. STRICKLIN

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Bison Bison ◽

Forage Digestibility ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Species Comparisons ◽

Fecal Collection

The digestibility of sedge hay was measured in six bison (Bison bison) steers and six Hereford (Bos taurus) steers in two total fecal collection trials. The digestion coefficients of all nutrients, except lignin, were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in bison than in cattle. For bison and cattle, respectively, overall mean apparent digestibility coefficients, expressed as a percent, were: dry matter, 51.3 and 46.0; crude protein, 38.3 and 27.6; crude fat, 64.2 and 54.4; neutral detergent fiber, 54.7 and 50.0; acid detergent fiber, 47.0 and 42.4; hemicellulose, 67.1 and 61.7; lignin, 25.2 and 18.7; and gross energy, 50.6 and 45.3. Acid-insoluble ash and lignin were not suitable internal indicators for making species comparisons of digestibilities because of the greater apparent digestion of the indicators by bison. During the summer fecal collection trial, mean daily dry matter intakes of bison and cattle were 1.6% and 1.4% of body weight, respectively. During the winter trial, the mean daily dry matter intake of cattle (2.0% of body weight) was greater (P < 0.05) than that of bison (1.6% of body weight). There was no difference (P > 0.05) between bison and cattle in particle size of feed consumed. Greater forage digestibility resulted in greater (P < 0.05) average daily gain in bison only in the summer trial, when nutrient consumption by cattle was below the published maintenance requirement of the cattle.

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Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas06052 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 615-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. C. Swanson ◽

M. Ko ◽

C. J. Mader

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Soybean Hull ◽

Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Key words: Beef cattle, backgrounding, energy supplementation

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Intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga grassland receiving feed supplementation during dry season

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402016000300014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 484-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Cézar da SILVA ◽

Adriana GUIM ◽

Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS ◽

Evaristo Jorge de Oliveira SOUZA ◽

Stela Antas URBANO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Substitution Effect ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Feed Supplementation ◽

Total Carbohydrates

SUMMARY It was evaluated the effect of feed supplementation at 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2% of body weight (BW) on intake and digestibility of crossbred goats finished on caatinga, in relation to crossbred goats not supplemented (0.0% of BW). Thirty-two crossbred, Anglo-Nubian goats were used, eight months old and with body weight of 18 ± 2.5 kg, organised into randomised blocks, which were kept on 37 hectares of caatinga from 7 h to 16 h. Intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fibre, total carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients was influenced (P<0.05) by the levels of feed supplementation, with linear increases of 202.31; 179.42; 25.05; 11.83; 35.79; 12.27; 142.63 and 166.79 g animal-1 day-1 respectively. There was a substitution effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake when using feed supplementation at 0.7% BW. Feed supplementation resulted in positive linear effect (P<0.05) for digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates, total digestible-nutrient content and digestible energy, with an increase of 17.15; 16.64; 19.07; 44.74; 15.15 and 17.56% for dry matter, and 0.69 Mcal kg-1 of dry matter respectively. Final body weight, total gain and average daily gain, showed a linear increase (P<.005) of 2.60, 3.09 and 0.036 kg per percentage point of each additional level of supplement. Feed supplementation increases the intake and digestibility of total dry matter and nutrients, a fact that makes greater performance possible, and recommends use up to a level of 0.7% BW to avoid any substitution effect.

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The Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Black Baladi Kids Fed Diets with Graded Quantities of Sweet Lupin Grain (Lupinus angustifolius)

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci9010020 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Belal S. Obeidat

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Diet Cost ◽

Daily Gain

A study was conducted to examine how lupin grains (LUPs) feeding affected nutritional intake, digestibility, growth, and carcass characteristics in kids. A total of 24 growing black kids (initial body weight (BW) = 16.4 ± 0.49 kg) were allocated to one of three diets at random. Lupin was included in the diet at a rate of 0 (control; CON), 100 (LUP100), or 200 g/kg (LUP200) of total dry matter (DM). The trial lasted for 91 days divided into 7 and 84 days to be used for adaptation and data collection, respectively. Feed intake was evaluated daily throughout the study. At the commencement and the end of the study, each kid’s body weight was measured to determine its average daily gain (ADG). On day 70, 5 kids were chosen at random from each group to investigate nutrient in vivo digestibility and N balance. At the end of the study, all of the kids were slaughtered to examine carcass features. Nutrient intakes (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ether extract) were higher (p ≤ 0.01) in LUP-containing diets than in the CON diet. The average daily gain was greater (p ≤ 0.03) in diets containing lupin grains than in the CON diet. Cost of gain ($US/kg growth) was lower (p = 0.004) in kids fed diets containing lupin than the CON diet. Dry matter and CP digestibility rates were greater (p ≤ 0.03) in lupin diets. Retained N was higher (p = 0.04) in lupin-containing diets than in the CON diet. Cold carcass weight was higher (p < 0.05) for kids consuming the LUP100 diet than the CON diet. In lupin diets, carcass cut weights were higher (p < 0.05). Results of the current study indicate that feeding black kids diets containing lupin grains at 100 or 200 g/kg DM basis is cost effective and would increase profitability.

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PSXIV-17 Effects of corn bran plus solubles and corn oil on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.864 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 436-437

Author(s):

Arquimedes Lima Junior ◽

Murillo A Meschiatti ◽

Vinicius N Gouvêa ◽

Victor Dantas ◽

Daniel Silva Antonelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Finishing Diets

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls fed diets containing, on dietary dry matter basis, different levels of corn wet distillers bran plus solubles (WDBS; 0, 15, 30 or 45%) added with or without corn oil (CO; 0 and 3%). A total of 205 Nellore bulls (390 ± 25 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial body weight, distributed in 40 pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Diets were isonitrogenous and contained 8.5% sugarcane bagasse and 91.5% concentrate (ground corn, soybean meal, pelleted citrus pulp, urea, mineral). The WDBS (FlexyDDG®) and the corn oil were from SJC Bioenergia (Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil). Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. An interaction between CO × WDBS levels was observed for dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.032). In diets without CO, increasing levels of WDBS linearly (P = 0.004) reduced the DMI, but in diets containing 3% CO, increasing levels of WDBS quadraticaly affected the DMI (P = 0.002). No effects of CO, WDBSF levels or CO × WDBS levels were observed for final body weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Feed efficiency tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for bulls fed diets containing CO (0.154 vs. 0.144). Increasing levels of WDBS tended (P = 0.09) to increase the feed efficiency. In summary, increasing levels of WDBS in finishing diets linearly (in diets without CO) or quadratically (in diets with CO) reduces the dry matter intake. Adding CO and WDBS tend to increase feed efficiency.

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Maniçoba hay or silage replaces Tifton 85 hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v41i1.42553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42553 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michel Do Vale Maciel ◽

Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽

Ângela Maria Vieira Batista ◽

Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽

Laura Priscila Araújo Amaro Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Total Carbohydrates ◽

Manihot Glaziovii ◽

And Performance ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.

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Digestive parameters during gestation of Holstein heifers

10.1101/2020.04.20.050773 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica Marcela Vieira Pereira ◽

Marcos Inácio Marcondes ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Joel Caton ◽

Anna Luiza Lacerda Sguizzato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Esterified Fatty Acids

AbstractOur objective was to estimate nutrient intake, ruminal flow, total apparent and ruminal digestibility, rates of passage and digestion, ruminal and omasal pH, blood metabolite concentrations, and body measurements during gestation of Holstein heifers. Eleven pregnant Holstein heifers, 8 of which fitted with a rumen cannula (450 ± 27.6 kg of body weight and 20 ± 3.5 months of initial age) were used. All heifers received the same diet composed of corn silage, soybean meal, corn meal, minerals and vitamins, with a corn silage:concentrate ratio of 50:50 (on a dry matter basis), aiming an average daily gain of approximately 1.0 kg. The sampling periods were established according to the days of gestation: 145, 200, and 255 with a duration of 10 days per period. Total fecal samples were collected to estimate dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Blood samples were collected to analyze metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, and glucose). Data were analyzed as a repeated measurements scheme, using MIXED procedure, with differences declared when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake expressed in kg/day increased from d-145 to d-200, and remaining stable until d-255 of gestation. The same results were observed for organic matter and crude protein intake, increasing 15.0 and 35.8% respectively. In contrast, when dry matter intake was evaluated as % body weight, we observed a decrease of 16.7% from d-200 to d-255. Days of gestation did not influence ruminal flow of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber. We observed an increase in the ruminal digestibility of neutral detergent fiber by 20.5%. The apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein changed over days of gestation, with an increase of 11.9, 8.5, and 9.8%, respectively, when comparing d-145 with d-200. The rate of digestion of neutral detergent fiber increased from 2.0 to 3.5% h-1. Glucose levels decreased, while β-hydroxybutirate and non-esterified fatty acids increased from d-145 to d-255. In conclusion, our results demonstrate a reduction in dry matter intake in % body weight due to pregnancy. It also shows an increase in total apparent digestibility through gestation, which imply a greater efficiency of use of nutrients by pregnant animals. Thus, further research is still needed to consolidate such results and to elucidate the mechanism about nutrient usage during the final third of gestation in heifers.

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340 Impact of essential oils blend on beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics in diets with increasing corn silage inclusions

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.246 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 138-139

Author(s):

Hannah C Wilson ◽

Henry Hilscher ◽

Zachary E Carlson ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Andrea K Watson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Animal Performance ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract A feedlot study was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (essential oils blend) at varying silage inclusions on receiving and finishing performance. The study utilized 480 crossbred steers (initial shrunk BW 296 kg ± 7.72 kg) in 48 pens with 10 steers/pen and 8 pens per treatment. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of corn silage [14, 47, 80 %; dry matter (DM) basis] with or without (+, -) the inclusion of an essential oils (EO) blend. All treatment diets contained 16% modified distillers grains plus solubles and 4% supplement with dry-rolled corn replacing corn silage (CS) on a DM basis. Steers were fed at 80% CS inclusion and adapted to 47% and 14% CS over a 10 and 24-d period, respectively. Cattle fed 80% CS were fed for 238 days, 47% CS for 195 days, and 14% CS were fed for 168 days to a common backfat of 1.28 cm (P > 0.59). There were no interactions for corn silage inclusion and the inclusion of essential oils on final body weight (FBW), dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle (LM) area, marbling, or calculated yield grade (CYG; P > 0.15). There was no significant difference for FBW, DMI, ADG, G:F, HCW, LM area, marbling, or CYG for cattle fed EO or no EO. However, there was a quadratic response for FBW, ADG, G:F, HCW, marbling and CYG with increased inclusion of corn silage (P < 0.04). Feeding corn silage at greater inclusions decreased animal performance but increased final body weight when fed to an equal fatness. Essential oils did not affect animal performance or carcass characteristics. However, feeding greater amounts of corn silage can be an economical way to finish cattle.

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PSX-A-15 Late-Breaking: Use of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement on growth performance in feedlot heifers

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.670 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 365-366

Author(s):

Juan P Russi ◽

Alejandro E Relling

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Flaxseed Oil ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Acid Supplement ◽

Fatty Acid Supplement

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the of use different doses of a rumen protected fatty acid supplement in feedlot heifers. Seventy-two (cross bread) heifers were blocked by body weight and animals within each block were randomly allotted to a pen. Each pen had 4 heifers, and there were 6 pens per treatment. All animals were fed a basal diet of 14% corn silage, 73% dry rolled corn, 10% cracked soybeans, 1% urea, and 2% mineral vitamin mix for 83 days. Each treatment received different dose of a rumen-protected fatty acid supplement (RPFA), which contained 40% flaxseed oil, 55% treated soy lecithin, and 5% dextrose; processed using the procedure described in the patent (pending: US 2020/0197346 A1). Treatments were T1: 125 g RPFA; T2: 250 g of RPFA, and T3: 375 g of RPFA. Treatments were daily top dressed. Heifers were weighted on days 0, 50, and 83. Longissimus dorsi muscle (LMA) and back fat (BF) at the 13 rib were measured using ultrasound day 0 and 83, before the animals were sent to slaughter. Dry matter offered per day and refusal collected twice a week were used to estimate dry matter intake (DMI). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design, with treatment as a fixed variable and block as a random variable. Means were separated using a polynomial contrast. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.16; Table 1) on final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), DMI, gain to DMI ratio, or dressing percentage. There where quadratic tendencies (P ≤ 0.1; Table 1) for hot carcass weight (HCW), LMA, and BF. Based in the results from the current experiment, feeding 100 g of flaxseed oil (250 g of RPFA) improves HCW and LMA but also BF, without affecting growth and DMI.

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