How and when occupational identity threat leads to job crafting and positive outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 11579
Author(s):  
Yangxin Wang ◽  
Dora C. LAU ◽  
Youngsang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Job Crafting ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Identity Threat

Under threat: emotional and behavioral responses to occupational identity threat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Na Yang ◽  
Ruoyong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Occupational Identity ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Research on identity threat has predominantly focused on the consequences of threat to some ascribed or involuntary identities, while overlooking individuals' responses to occupational identity threat. Integrating identity theory with identity threat literature, we argue that encountering occupational identity threat promotes negative emotion and feedback-seeking behavior, and negative emotion further mediates the relationship between occupational identity threat and feedback-seeking behavior. Moreover, individuals' performance self-esteem strengthens both the direct effect of occupational identity threat on negative emotion, and the indirect effect of occupational identity threat on feedback-seeking behavior through negative emotion. The results from two experimental studies and one field study provide support for these predictions. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.

“You Can’t Just Erase History”: Coping With Team Identity Threat

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Delia
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Team Identification ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Team Identity ◽  
Men's Basketball ◽  
Change Team ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Online Sources

Team identification has frequently been associated with positive outcomes; however, team identification is also associated with negative outcomes such as identity threat. Team identity threat has been studied from the perspective that fans enduring identity threat employ emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping strategies because they lack the authority to change team-related stressors. In this study, the author examined fan reaction to team identity threat, wherein fans ultimately used both problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping strategies. The particular instance examined involved fans of a National Collegiate Athletic Association men’s basketball team reacting to an identity threat caused by program scandal. Through the use of unobtrusive digital observation, fan reaction was analyzed via comments from three online sources. The study highlights how fans used problem-focused coping to preserve identity meaning, creating their own reality in the process. Theoretical and managerial implications of the research are discussed.

Job Crafting for Tourism Employees

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-167
Author(s):  
Derya Toksoz ◽  
Ali Dalgic ◽  
Kemal Birdir
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Positive Outcomes

Job crafting, which expresses that individuals changing their jobs physically, cognitively, and relationally and adapt them to their personal characteristics, leads to individual and organizational positive outcomes. Especially in service enterprises where communication and interaction are prominent attributes, such as in tourism, job crafting plays an important role in customer satisfaction. There are many factors that affect the job crafting of employees. These factors can be categorised under job characteristics, individual differences, motivational characteristics, and social context. Job crafting prevents negative individual attitudes and behaviours and brings many positive outcomes. These outcomes can be categorised under individual attitudes, individual behaviours, individual wellbeing, and other outcomes. In this chapter, the concept of job crafting will be evaluated, and its dimensions will be presented. In addition, the job crafting concepts will be discussed extensively. The results of the job crafting skills of tourism employees and some examples will be given.

Servant Leadership, Employee Job Crafting, and Citizenship Behaviors: A Cross-Level Investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bavik ◽  
Yuen Lam Bavik ◽  
Pok Man Tang
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Hotel Employees ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
The Relationship

While servant leadership is widely recognized as a people-oriented management style, little attention has been directed to understand the positive outcomes of servant leadership on different stakeholders in the hospitality context. This research examines the mediating role of employee job crafting in the relationship between servant leadership and individual employees’ interpersonal citizenship behaviors directed at both internal and external stakeholders. Multisourced survey data collected from 238 hotel employees in 38 teams revealed that the effects of servant leadership on individual employees’ citizenship behaviors directed toward leaders, coworkers, and customers were mediated by employee job crafting.

The Use of Neuroplastic Principles Affects the Swallow Motor Plan of a Patient in Severe Cognitive Decline: A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Ed Bice ◽  
Kristine E. Galek
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Motor Plan ◽  
Bolus Size ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Dysphagia is common in patients with dementia. Dysphagia occurs as a result of changes in the sensory and motor function of the swallow (Easterling, 2007). It is known that the central nervous system can undergo experience-dependent plasticity, even in those individuals with dementia (Park & Bischof, 2013). The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not the use of neuroplastic principles would improve the swallow motor plan and produce positive outcomes of a patient in severe cognitive decline. The disordered swallow motor plan was manipulated by focusing on a neuroplastic principles of frequency (repetition), velocity of movement (speed of presentation), reversibility (Use it or Lose it), specificity and adaptation, intensity (bolus size), and salience (Crary & Carnaby-Mann, 2008). After five therapeutic sessions, the patient progressed from holding solids in her mouth with decreased swallow initiation to independently consuming a regular diet with full range of liquids with no oral retention and no verbal cues.

Working Hard to Achieve Self-Defining Group Goals: A Social Identity Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly S. Fielding ◽  
Michael A. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Group Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Substantial Effort

Summary: A social identity model of effort exertion in groups is presented. In contrast to most traditional research on productivity and performance motivation, the model is assumed to apply to groups of all sizes and nature, and to all membership contingent norms that specify group behaviors and goals. It is proposed that group identification renders behavior group-normative and encourages people to behave in line with group norms. The effect should be strengthened among people who most need consensual identity validation from fellow members, and in intergroup contexts where there is inescapable identity threat from an outgroup. Together these processes should encourage people to exert substantial effort on behalf of their group.

The Conceptualization and Measurement of Job Crafting

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Wolfgang Lichtenthaler ◽  
Andrea Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity Study ◽  
German Version ◽  
Total N ◽  
Structure Reliability ◽  
German Speaking

Abstract. This research redefined the job demands–resources (JD-R) job crafting model ( Tims & Bakker, 2010 ) to resolve theoretical and empirical inconsistencies regarding the crafting of job demands and developed a German version of the Job Crafting Scale (JCS; Tims, Bakker, & Derks, 2012 ) in two separate studies (total N = 512). In Study 1 the German version of the JCS was developed and tested for its factor structure, reliability, and construct validity. Study 2 dealt with the validity of our redefined JD-R job crafting model. The results show that, like the original version, the German version comprises four job crafting types, and the German version of the JCS is a valid and reliable generic measure that can be used for future research with German-speaking samples. Evidence for the redefined JD-R job crafting model was based on findings relating job crafting to work engagement and emotional exhaustion.

A Systematic Review of User Expectations and Outcomes of Crisis Support Services

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kelly Mazzer ◽  
Megan O'Riordan ◽  
Alan Woodward ◽  
Debra Rickwood
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Personal Crisis ◽  
Crisis Support ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Behavioural Sciences

Abstract. Background: Crisis support services play an important role in providing free, immediate access to support people in the community experiencing a personal crisis. Recently, services have expanded from telephone to digital modalities including online chat and text message services. This raises the question of what outcomes are being achieved for increasingly diverse service users across different modalities. Aims: This systematic review aimed to determine the expectations and outcomes of users of crisis support services across three modalities (telephone, online chat, and text message/SMS). Method: Online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Collection) and gray literature were searched for studies measuring expectations and outcomes of crisis support services. Results: A total of 31 studies were included in the review, the majority of which were telephone-based. Similar expectations were found for telephone and online chat modalities, as well as consistently positive outcomes, measured by changes in emotional state, satisfaction, and referral plans. Limitations/Conclusion: There is a paucity of consistent outcome measures across and within modalities and limited research about users of text message/SMS services.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

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