scholarly journals CONFORMITY TEST OF THE COLLIMATOR BEAM TO X-RAY ON DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY MACHINE AT THE RADIOLOGY INSTALLATION OF ARIFIN ACHMAD HOSPITAL, RIAU

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yoga Saputra ◽  
Marido Bisra
Keyword(s):  
Focal Spot ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Center Point ◽  
Calculation Results

Conformity test needs to be done in order to avoid deviation of X-rays photo. One of the test is conformity test collimator beam to X-ray. It aims to make sure angle and distance shift does not occur. This study was done at Radiology Installation of Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau. This study is quantitative with experimental design by using collimator test tool. Tests were be done three times to each big and small focal spot. Based on Ministry of Health No. 1250 on 2009, deviation tolerance limit value is ≤ 2% FFD for conformity test of collimator beam and being ≤ 3° for the center point conformity test. The results of calculations on the small focal spot for X1 + X2 are respectively 2,25 cm, 2,25 cm, and 2,25 cm with an average value of 2,25 cm. In the calculation results of Y1 + Y2 for small focal spots, the results are respectively 0,45 cm, 0,50 cm and 0,50 cm with an average value of 0,48 cm. Then the calculation results on the large focal spot for X1 + X2 obtained results respectively 2,25 cm, 2,20 cm and 2,15 cm with an average value of 2,20 cm. the results of the calculation of Y1 + Y2 for large focal spots, respectively are 0,45 cm, 0,45 cm, and 0,45 cm with an average value of 0,45 cm. This conformity test got the deviation value exceed the tolerance limit on X axis namely of 2.25 cm in average on small focal spots and 2.20 cm on big focal spots. Conformity test results of the beam alignment entirely showed that center point was in a small circle with < 1.5° value. This means there is no deviation of center point which exceed tolerance limit.

XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

Overview of polycapillary X-ray optics

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Schields ◽  
David M. Gibson ◽  
Walter M. Gibson ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
Huapeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Spot ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Total External Reflection ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Spot Size ◽  
Polycapillary Optics ◽  
X Ray

Polycapillary optics are utilized in a wide variety of applications and are integral components in many state of the art instruments. Polycapillary optics operate by collecting X-rays and efficiently propagating them by total external reflection to form focused and parallel beams. We discuss the general parameters for designing these optics and provide specific examples on balancing the interrelations of beam flux, source size, focal spot-size, and beam divergence. The development of compact X-ray sources with characteristics tailored to match the requirements of polycapillary optics allows substantial reduction in size, weight, and power of complete X-ray systems. These compact systems have enabled the development of portable, remote, and in-line sensors for applications in industry, science and medicine. We present examples of the utility and potential of these optics for enhancing a wide variety of X-ray analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Backscattered Radiation on X-Ray Image Contrast

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
A. T. Naji ◽  
M. S. Jaafar ◽  
E. A. Ali ◽  
S. K. J. Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geometrical Design ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Different Types

This paper assesses the effect of backscattered radiation on X-ray image contrast by evaluating the effect of backscatter reduction on X-ray image contrast. Contrast test tool RMI Densitometer, and different types of fabricated anti backscattered grids have been utilized in this study. The measurements are recorded at different exposure parameters such as X-ray tube peak voltage (kVp), and X-rays intensities (mAs). For each exposure, the contrast of the image is evaluated by measuring the variation in optical densities for aluminium steps wedge. The results showed that the x-ray image contrast can be enhanced by decreasing the amount of backscattered radiation, also the fabricated anti backscattered grids have a remarkable effect in the improvement of X-ray image contrast according to grid’s capability in reducing backscattered radiation. In addition, the effectiveness of fabricated grids in improving image contrast depends on the grid’s material and the geometrical design, as well as the radiation exposure parameters. The image contrast enhancements increased up to 36% with the use of crossed iron steel grid which placed under the film screen combination during exposure.

scholarly journals Pengujian Kolimator Pada Pesawat Sinar-X Mobile Unit Merek Siemens Di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Kesawa Sudarsih ◽  
Nanik Suraningsih ◽  
Mega Indah Puspita
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Object Size ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mobile Unit ◽  
Quality Control Program ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Tool

The quality control program includes several tests, including collimator testing. According to Kepmenkes No.1250 Year 2009, collimator testing is done once a month or after repair. Radiology Installation RSUD K.R.M.T Wongsonegoro Semarang, when examined baby gram and thoraks using aircraft X-ray mobile unit with wide field settings according to object size, the result of the resulting radiograph cut off. This X-ray plane was used in 2006. During the use, no collimator testing has been performed. This study aims to determine the results of the suitability of light beam collimator. His type of research is quantitative research with observational approach. This research uses Collimator Test Tool tool with variation of FFD 100 cm and 150 cm, the field of irradiation is set 14x18 cm. The test results were tabulated, then analyzed based on Kepmenkes No.1250 in 2009. Limit tolerance value of shift ≤ 2% of FFD used. The result of collimator test shows that in FFD 100 cm we get the average X axis = 1.38%, Y axis = 1.5%. FFD 150 cm obtained average X axis = 1.73%, Y axis = 1.42%. The value of the shift that occurs is still within the limits of tolerance. We recommend that you do a periodical test once a month to ensure the quality of radiography.

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Penggunaan Variasi Filter Pada Pesawat Sinar-X Mobile Guna Mencapai Nilai Entrance Skin Exposure (Ese) Sesuai Organ Pemeriksaan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oki Dewi Pamungkas ◽  
Utari Utari ◽  
Suharyana Suharyana ◽  
Riyatun Riyatun ◽  
Nining Hargiani
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Skin Exposure ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Irradiation Field ◽  
Field Area

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong><span lang="EN-GB">Abstract:</span></strong><span lang="EN-GB"> This study was to determine the effect of variations in the type and thickness of the filter on the ESE and HVL values. The use of filters aims to eliminate low energy X-rays, increase effective energy, and reduce dose acceptance to patients. This variation of Al with Cu and Al with Zn filters uses a voltage (70, 80, and 90) kV, 20 mAs, 100 cm SSD, and an irradiation field area of 10 cm x 10 cm. The result of measuring the consistency of the X-ray tube voltage has the largest error value of 4.93%. At a voltage of 90 kV, the measurement results of the variation of Al filter with Cu thickness of 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm and Al filter with Zn thickness of 0.25 mm and 0.50 mm are within the tolerance limits of the thorax examination organ. While the measurement results of the Al filter variants with a Cu thickness of 0.4 mm and an Al filter with a Zn thickness of 0.75 mm are within the tolerance limit of the cranium examination organ. The ESE half value can use 3.03 mm Al, equivalent to 0.135 mm Cu or 0.22 mm Zn.</span></p><p class="AbstractEnglish"><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi jenis dan ketebalan filter terhadap nilai ESE dan HVL. Penggunaan filter bertujuan untuk mengeliminasi sinar-X energi rendah, meningkatkan energi efektif, dan mengurangi penerimaan dosis pada pasien. Variasi filter Al dengan Cu dan Al dengan Zn ini menggunakan tegangan (70, 80, dan 90) kV, 20 mAs, SSD 100 cm, dan luas lapangan penyinaran 10 cm x 10 cm. Hasil pengukuran konsistensi tegangan tabung sinar-X memiliki nilai <em>error</em> terbesar 4,93%. Pada tegangan 90 kV hasil pengukuran variasi filter Al dengan Cu ketebalan 0,2 mm dan 0,3 mm dan filter Al dengan Zn ketebalan 0,25 mm dan 0,50 mm dalam batas toleransi organ pemeriksaan <em>thorax</em>. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran varisi filter Al dengan Cu ketebalan 0,4 mm dan filter Al dengan Zn ketebalan 0,75 mm dalam batas toleransi organ pemeriksaan <em>cranium</em>. Nilai setengah ESE dapat menggunakan 3,03 mm Al, setara dengan 0,135 mm Cu atau 0,22 mm Zn.</span></p>

scholarly journals Quality Control Tests in Some Diagnostic X-Ray Units in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
AS Mollah ◽  
MA Zaman ◽  
AKMM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Beam Quality ◽  
Medical Physics ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Focal Spot Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Radiation Fields

Regular implementation of quality control in diagnostic x-ray facilities is essential to provide good quality images which lead to proper diagnoses with minimum hazard and distress. Important performance tests in diagnostic radiology in Bangladesh are carried out according to a quality control protocol and the measured parameter values are compared to the relevant acceptance limits. In this work, beam alignment, field congruence, nominal focal spot, film-screen contact and half value layer for diagnostic x-ray facilities are measured by using beam alignment test tool, RMI/Victoreen collimator test tool, Bar pattern focal spot test tool, film/screen contact test tool (RMI143D), Gammex RMI step wedge and densitometer from forty different diagnostic x-ray facilities in Bangladesh. For congruence between optical and radiation fields, 77.5% are found to be within limit and 60% of facilities are within the beam alignment limit. For most of the installations, 92.5% nominal focal spot size of diagnostic x-ray machines is matched perfectly with the rating of focal spot size. In an effort to improve image quality, this study has checked the film-screen contacts of multiple facilities and found 65% to have the expected uniformity. While investigating half value layers (HVL), a measure of x-ray beam quality, it is found that none of the diagnostic x-ray installations can achieve the recommended levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14688 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 59-66

scholarly journals UJI KELAYAKAN PESAWAT SINAR-X TERHADAP PROYEKSI PA (POSTERO-ANTERIOR) DAN LAT (LATERAL) PADA TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN FOTO THORAX

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Kadek Miniati ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Sutapa ◽  
I Wayan Balik Sudarsana
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Irradiation Field ◽  
Interval Distance ◽  
Dosage Guidelines ◽  
Feasibility Test

Research has been conducted to determine feasibility test of the X-ray planePA and LAT projections on chest x-ray techniques. The study using a water phantom object as a substitute for patients with variations in interval distance ofthe  100-180 cm. Measurement of radiation dose X-rays performed five repetitions , measurable doses had be read on the device electrometer. Exposition factors to the PA projection using a tube voltage of 75 kV, current and time of 3,2 mAs, the irradiation field areaof (30 x 30) cm2.For the LAT projection tube voltage of 80 kV, current and time of 6,3 mAs, and the irradiation field area of (20 x 30) cm2. It the study of the radiation dose X-ray plane projection PA and LAT is optimal is below the limit value at the level of dosage guidelines BAPETEN No 08 of 2011. Obtained PA projections are below the value of 0,4 mGy while LAT projection is below the value of 1,5 mGy. The radiation dose X-rays plane using a variation of 100-180 cm distance is still below the dose limit values ??, thus meeting the objectives anssurance quality and quality control.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS OF DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY MACHINES IN GOVERNMENT, MISSION AND PRIVATE OWNED FACILITIES IN JOS, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
M. I. Ike-Ogbonna ◽  
W. E. Mangset ◽  
E. E. Ike
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Control Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Control Test

Due to the availability and frequent use of x-ray machine in the diagnoses of diseases and treatment of diseases in most of our hospitals and radio-diagnostic centers in Nigeria, the need to assess the quality control parameters and level of compliance of the x-ray machines cannot be over emphasized. The purpose of this research is to compare the result of four Quality Control test parameters of government (G1and G2), mission (M1 and M2) and private owned (P1and P2) x-ray machines of the radio-diagnostic facilities to ascertain the level of compliance among them with the set reference tolerance limits. Four Quality Control test parameters; kVp accuracy, congruence between optical and x-ray field, beam alignment and tube filtration was assessed from the measurement carried out using Gammex Radiologic kit with Gammex 330 digital kV meter, Gammex 115A half value layer set, collimator test tool model 161B and the beam alignment test tool model 162A.The result of kVp accuracy show that G1,G2,M2 and P1 all had values ranging from 2.30% - 3.14% within the set tolerance limit of ± 5% while M1 and P2 had values above the limit. In congruence between optical and x-ray field with tolerance limit of ±2%, only P2 was above limit, while in perpendicularity G2 and P2 were above the set limit of 1.5o. Tube filtration all the studied x-ray machines failed the test indicate absorption of excess low energy dose for patient. This research therefore reveals that the government and mission x-ray machines have better quality control programme that the private owned. Ike-Ogbonna, M. I. | Department of Physics, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

scholarly journals Finding COVID-19 from Chest X-rays using Deep Learning on a Small Dataset

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Hall ◽  
Dmitry Goldgof ◽  
Rahul Paul ◽  
Gregory M. Goldgof
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Small Dataset ◽  
Children Under 5

<p>Testing for COVID-19 has been unable to keep up with the demand. Further, the false negative rate is projected to be as high as 30% and test results can take some time to obtain. X-ray machines are widely available and provide images for diagnosis quickly. This paper explores how useful chest X-ray images can be in diagnosing COVID-19 disease. We have obtained 122 chest X-rays of COVID-19 and over 4,000 chest X-rays of viral and bacterial pneumonia. Unfortunately, we missed the fact that the chest X-rays of viral and bacterial pneumonia came from children under 5 years old. So, this work shows that you can tell kids with pneumonia from COVID-19 adult cases which is not anyone's goal. However, data from adult chest X-rays of other causes of lung disease is needed to see if you can tell adult diseases apart.<br></p>

Scanning Microscopy with Soft X Rays

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 594-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jacobsen ◽  
J. M. Kenney ◽  
J. Kirz ◽  
R. Rosser ◽  
H. Rarback
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dosage ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
X Rays ◽  
National Synchrotron Light Source ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Elemental Maps ◽  
Collaboration With Scientists

Among the various forms of soft x-ray microscopy, scanning offers several advantages. It is capable of forming images with the lowest radiation dosage to the specimen. The image is recorded digitally, therefore quantitative information on specimen absorptivity as a function of position is immediately available. In addition it is possible to make quantitative comparisons of images formed at more than one wavelength. Based on such information, elemental maps can be formed.In collaboration with scientists from IBM and the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), we constructed a scanning soft x-ray microscope that is operating on Beamline Ul5 of the 750 MeV VUV storage ring at the NSLS. The schematic diagram of the instrument is shown in Figure 1. The monochromatized beam of x-rays is collimated by a small pinhole. This small source is then further demagnified, using a Fresnel zoneplate, to form a focal spot, The specimen is mechanically scanned across this focal spot, and the x-rays transmitted by the specimen are detected by a flow proportional counter.

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