scholarly journals Does Community Forest Collective Action Promote Private Tree Planting? Evidence from Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mekonnen ◽  
Randall Bluffstone
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Rich

In community settings in low-income developing countries better forest management depends on collective action (CA), but if CA really offers better incentives than open access, we should observe behavioral differences across CA levels. In this paper we examine one potential farm-level behavioral effect by trying to isolate and understand the effects of community forest CA on households’ incentives to invest in trees located on their own farms. Using a household level analytical model, we find that more stringent forest CA should create incentives for private tree planting as a substitute for overusing community forests. We test this hypothesis using detailed measures of highland Ethiopia forest CA attributes taken directly from the rich CA literature and a variety of empirical specifications. Though we are unable to draw firm conclusions due to the nature of our data, we do find robust evidence across specifications that more effective forest collective action causes households to plant more trees on their farms.

scholarly journals Collective Action and Carbon Sequestration in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Bluffstone ◽  
Eswaran Somanathan ◽  
Prakash Jha ◽  
Harisharan Luintel ◽  
Rajesh Bista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Show Evidence

This paper uses forest plot measurements and information on forest collective action to estimate the effects of collective action on four measures of forest quality (e.g., carbon content, tree density, seedling density and canopy cover) in Nepal. Carbon sequestration is of special interest because it may be creditable under Reducing Emmission from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). We find that community forest collective action sequesters carbon and appears to support several other forest quality measures. Even though registered community forests sequester more carbon than other forests, we find that non-registered community forests also show evidence of important collective action, with positive effects on forests.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, page : 1-7

Community forests, carbon sequestration and REDD+: evidence from Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe D. Beyene ◽  
Randall Bluffstone ◽  
Alemu Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractREDD + is one of the tools under development to mitigate climate change, but it is not yet clear how to appropriately bring in the approximately 25 per cent of developing country forests that are managed by communities. Drawing on the economics of collective action literature, the authors attempt to shed light on whether forest collective action itself sequesters carbon. Using satellite imagery combined with household and community data from Ethiopia, they examine whether community forests (CFs) with high levels of collective action attributes known to be associated with better management have more carbon than other systems. Although these results should be considered indicative due to the nature of the data, the analysis suggests that in the absence of dedicated sequestration policies the quality of local-level collective action offers at best marginal carbon benefits. Specific incentives like REDD + may therefore play important roles in delivering climate change benefits from CFs in low-income countries.

scholarly journals The management pattern and potential wood of community forest in Parakan Muncang Village, Naggung District, Bogor Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012127
Author(s):  
Kustin Bintani Meiganati ◽  
Budi Setya Ningsih ◽  
Ina Lidiawati
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Survey Approach

Abstract Community Forest is an alternative to meet the needs of industrial wood raw materials and plays a role in increasing income and welfare of farmer households. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential for stands of community forests and the community forest management patterns applied by forest farmers. The research location is in Parakan Muncang Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency. Sampling of respondents using the census method. The data collection method used was a field survey approach and interviews using a questionnaire. The potential for community forest stands in Parakan Muncang Village is 543.75 m3, while the potential per hectare is 32.478 m3. The highest potential is Sengon wood by 51.95%, Teak by 16,16% and Puspa by 9.89%. The pattern of community forest management that is applied is 12.5% of the respondents use the pure community forest pattern (monoculture) and 87.5% use the agroforestry pattern. The cropping pattern in agroforestry forests uses a border tree planting, where wood plants are planted around agricultural crops using a random/irregular cropping pattern.

scholarly journals Assessment of fodder yield from Artocarpus lakoocha and Bauhinia purpurea) tree planting in community forests in the western midhills of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Baral ◽  
R. Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Fodder Yield ◽  
Good Yielding ◽  
Bauhinia Purpurea ◽  
Fodder Tree

This experiment assessed the yield and growth performance of the fodder tree planting in the community forest focusing on Artocarpus lakoocha, Bahunia purpurea. Major variables analyzing the yield and growth of the species such as dbh, height, green weight of the foliage was measured. After analyzing the data, Artocarpus lakoocha was found to be good yielding and growth performing species as compared to Bahunia purpurea. Preliminary result shows that yield of the both the species is significantly correlated with dbh and height. Key words: Artocarpus lakoocha, Bahunia purpurea, fodder, plantation, community forest, yield Banko Janakari Vol.15(2) 2005 pp3-5

Poverty, property rights and collective action: understanding the distributive aspects of common property resource management

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHIM ADHIKARI
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Female Headed Households

This study examines, in a developing-country context, the contribution of community forestry to household income with particular emphasis on group heterogeneity and equity in benefit distribution. The economic analysis of household-level benefits reveals that poorer households are currently benefiting less in absolute terms from community forestry than less poor households. In terms of the contribution of forests to total household income, the study results suggest that the poor are actually less dependent on forests than the rich, a finding that is somewhat contradictory to results from other similar studies. The average ‘poor’ household obtains Nepalese rupees (Nrs) 7,756 gross income from community forest annually, while the more ‘rich’ households obtain on average Nrs 24,466 per year. In terms of the contribution of forests to net household income, the study results seem to suggest an inverted U-shaped relationship – as income increases dependency on forest resources may decline. Econometric analysis suggests that income from the community forests is related to socio-economic attributes and private endowments of households. Households with land and livestock assets and upper caste households gain more from the commons, while better-educated households depend less on forest resources. Female-headed households benefit less from community forests, further aggravating the inequity in distribution of benefits. The study makes a number of recommendations to improve community forestry in Nepal.

Strategi Pembinaan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Hutan Kemasyarakatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Silya Putri Pratiwi ◽  
◽  
Dian Kagungan ◽  
Eko Budi Sulistio ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
Forestry Resources ◽  
Group Association

Forest management in terms of its production function is directed towards management that is oriented towards all potential forestry resources and is based on community empowerment. The Wana Tekat Mandiri Farmer Group Association manages community forests, namely state forests whose main use is aimed at empowering the community. The rampant illegal logging is carried out by irresponsible parties outside of the farmer group association. So that community groups that carry out illegal logging do not support the Regional Government in providing guidance to the Association of Farmer groups in the Sendang Agung District area. The type of research used in this research is descriptive type with a qualitative approach, data collection techniques, observation, interviews, documentation. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of community development and empowerment in community forest utilization has been running well and the implementation of the strategy has been deemed successful in implementation. The coaching strategy has a main objective in the framework of developing a coaching plan in carrying out activities or programs of Gapoktan Wana Tekad Mandiri, namely by how to develop skills, develop knowledge and develop attitudes. The existence of this coaching strategy is expected to have a good empowering impact on the community.

scholarly journals Vertical position can affect categorization of the rich and the poor in Chinese culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 183449092110257
Author(s):  
Qiong Li ◽  
Chen Deng ◽  
Bin Zuo ◽  
Xiaobin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
High Income ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich

This study explored whether vertical position affects social categorization of the rich and the poor. Experiment 1 used high- and low-income occupations as stimuli, and found participants categorized high-income occupations faster when they were presented in the top vertical position compared to the bottom vertical position. In Experiment 2, participants responded using either the “up” or “down” key to categorize high- and low-income occupations, and responded faster to high-income occupations with the “up” key and low-income occupations with the “down” key. In Experiment 3, names identified as belonging to either rich or poor individuals were presented at the top or bottom of a screen, and the results were the same as in Experiments 1 and 2. These findings suggest that social categorization based on wealth involved perceptual simulations of vertical position, and that vertical position affects the social categorization of the rich and the poor.

scholarly journals Not ‘my economy’: A political ethnographic study of interest in the economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 136914812110070
Author(s):  
Anna Killick
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The Rich

Some political economists explain the apparent downplaying of the importance of economic issues in political events such as Brexit with reference to the growing anger or despair people on low incomes feel about the economy. This ‘everyday political economy’ article draws on an ethnographic study conducted between 2016 and 2018 with residents of an English city to explore what people think about the phenomenon of the economy. It reveals significant differences in how interested high- and low-income participants are in the economy and its role as a bedrock for welfare. Low-income participants are more negative about the economy, particularly contesting politicians’ claims that it is distinct from the human sphere, when they view it as controlled by the rich. However, reasoning is based on post-2008 crisis economic conditions, and any lack of interest in the economy may be more calculative and temporary than is often assumed.

scholarly journals Health and Housing Energy Expenditures: A Two-Part Model Approach

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Fátima Lima ◽  
Paula Ferreira ◽  
Vítor Leal
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Part Model ◽  
Model Approach

Interest in the interaction between energy and health within the built environment has been increasing in recent years, in the context of sustainable development. However, in order to promote health and wellbeing across all ages it is necessary to have a better understanding of the association between health and energy at household level. This study contributes to this debate by addressing the case of Portugal using data from the Household Budget Survey (HBS) microdata database. A two-part model is applied to estimate health expenditures based on energy-related expenditures, as well as socioeconomic variables. Additional statistical methods are used to enhance the perception of relevant predictors for health expenditures. Our findings suggest that given the high significance and coefficient value, energy expenditure is a relevant explanatory variable for health expenditures. This result is further validated by a dominance analysis ranking. Moreover, the results show that health gains and medical cost reductions can be a key factor to consider on the assessment of the economic viability of energy efficiency projects in buildings. This is particularly relevant for the older and low-income segments of the population.

scholarly journals Immigration and economic mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria F. Hoen ◽  
Simen Markussen ◽  
Knut Røed
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Class Background ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Relative Prime

AbstractWe examine how immigration affects natives’ relative prime-age labor market outcomes by economic class background, with class background established on the basis of parents’ earnings rank. Exploiting alternative sources of variation in immigration patterns across time and space, we find that immigration from low-income countries reduces intergenerational mobility and thus steepens the social gradient in natives’ labor market outcomes, whereas immigration from high-income countries levels it. These findings are robust with respect to a wide range of identifying assumptions. The analysis is based on high-quality population-wide administrative data from Norway, which is one of the rich-world countries with the most rapid rise in the immigrant population share over the past two decades. Our findings suggest that immigration can explain a considerable part of the observed relative decline in economic performance among natives with a lower-class background.

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