Morphometric Relationships as Indicative of Silvicultural Interventions for Brazilian Pine in Southern Brazil

Silvicultural interventions are necessary to control the competition and to maintain the forest structure. Thus, this work aimed to know the interactions between dendro/morphometric variables to indicate density interventions in Brazilian pine Forest. Dendrometric and morphometric variables were measured from 186 individual trees of this species, which were distributed in diametric classes at three sites. With the variables were fitted models for the relationships between the degree of slenderness and the potential crown diameter as a function of the number of trees per hectare. The fit indicated that the variables showed interaction and the relationship can be described by linear function explaining between 51.9 and 99.3% of the variance between morphometry and forest density. This adjustment and information can be used to indicate the optimum density according to the amplitude of each index. The results show that the morphometric indexes and their interaction indicate the period of the interventions, having relation with the characteristics of the site, the diametric structure and the dynamics of the forest growth.

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Modeling the Radial Stem Growth of the Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Forests Using the Satellite-Derived NDVI and LST (MODIS/AQUA) Data

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12010012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Yulia Ivanova ◽

Anton Kovalev ◽

Vlad Soukhovolsky

Keyword(s):

Land Surface ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Principal Component ◽

Stem Growth ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Parabolic Approximation ◽

New Approach ◽

The Relationship ◽

Tree Increment

The paper considers a new approach to modeling the relationship between the increase in woody phytomass in the pine forest and satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) (MODIS/AQUA) data. The developed model combines the phenological and forest growth processes. For the analysis, NDVI and LST (MODIS) satellite data were used together with the measurements of tree-ring widths (TRW). NDVI data contain features of each growing season. The models include parameters of parabolic approximation of NDVI and LST time series transformed using principal component analysis. The study shows that the current rate of TRW is determined by the total values of principal components of the satellite indices over the season and the rate of tree increment in the preceding year.

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On derivatives of fuzzy multi-dimensional mappings and applications under generalized differentiability

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-210530 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

M. Miri Karbasaki ◽

M. R. Balooch Shahriari ◽

O. Sedaghatfar

Keyword(s):

Linear Function ◽

Level Set ◽

Fuzzy Numbers ◽

Sufficient Condition ◽

Continuous Linear ◽

Generalized Differentiability ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Dimensional Mapping

This article identifies and presents the generalized difference (g-difference) of fuzzy numbers, Fréchet and Gâteaux generalized differentiability (g-differentiability) for fuzzy multi-dimensional mapping which consists of a new concept, fuzzy g-(continuous linear) function; Moreover, the relationship between Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability is studied and shown. The concepts of directional and partial g-differentiability are further framed and the relationship of which will the aforementioned concepts are also explored. Furthermore, characterization is pointed out for Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability; based on level-set and through differentiability of endpoints real-valued functions a characterization is also offered and explored for directional and partial g-differentiability. The sufficient condition for Fréchet and Gâteaux g-differentiability, directional and partial g-differentiability based on level-set and through employing level-wise gH-differentiability (LgH-differentiability) is expressed. Finally, to illustrate the ability and reliability of the aforementioned concepts we have solved some application examples.

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Disease Risk, Spatial Patterns, and Incidence-Severity Relationships of Fusarium Head Blight in No-till Spring Wheat Following Maize or Soybean

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-14-0944-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (10) ◽

pp. 1360-1366 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pierri Spolti ◽

Denis A. Shah ◽

José Maurício C. Fernandes ◽

Gary C. Bergstrom ◽

Emerson M. Del Ponte

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Large Scale ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Random Pattern ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Head Blight ◽

Previous Crop ◽

Regional Sources ◽

Epidemiological Surveys ◽

The Relationship

The first large-scale survey of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in commercial wheat fields in southern Brazil was conducted over three years (2009 to 2011). The objectives were to: (i) evaluate whether increased FHB risk is associated with within-field maize residue; (ii) determine the spatial pattern of FHB incidence; and (iii) quantify the relationship between FHB incidence and severity. FHB was assessed in a total of 160 fields between early milk and dough. Incidence ranged from 1.0 to 89.9% (median = 25%) and severity from 0.02 to 18.6% (median = 1.3%). FHB risk was neither lower nor higher in wheat following maize than in wheat following soybean. Only 18% of fields were classified as having aggregated patterns of FHB-symptomatic spikes. A binary power law description of the variances was consistent with an overall random pattern of the disease. These results conform with the hypothesis that FHB epidemics in southern Brazil are driven by sufficient atmospherically-transported inoculum from regional sources. The incidence-severity relationship was coherent across growing season, growth stage, and previous crop; one common fitted curve described the relationship across all observations. Estimating severity from incidence may be useful in reducing the workload in epidemiological surveys.

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Changes in structure and cover of a common property pine forest in Guatemala, 1954–1996

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892904001171 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 22-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

CURTIS D. HOLDER

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Common Property ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Municipal Government ◽

Stand Density ◽

Forest Products ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Communal Property

Concern about increasing rates of deforestation of tropical forests has resulted in investigations into the viability of local land-use practices and communal forms of governance. The majority of people in Guatemala live in regions where primary forests are absent. Several secondary forests in the highly populated highlands of Guatemala are communally managed forests, and people depend on forest products from these secondary forests for their livelihood. This study examines changes in forest structure and coverage of a native Pinus oocarpa Schiede communally managed forest in San Jose La Arada, Chiquimula in eastern Guatemala from 1954–1996. The pine forest is a municipal-communal property. The municipality has title to the land, however the forests are communal property. Neither forest committees in the villages nor municipal government regulations establish communal management of the pine forest; instead there are customary rules in the villages that guide forest extraction. People from the surrounding villages extract fuelwood, ocote (resin-rich wood harvested from the tree trunk and used for kindling) and timber from the pine forest. The P. oocarpa forest is situated in a seasonally dry region with nutrient-poor and highly eroded soils. Aerial photographs from 1954 and 1987 were compared to estimated changes in forest cover. Changes in forest structure are based on data collected from stand inventories conducted in 1987 and 1996. The pine forest was reduced in area by 14.4%, from 12.39 km2 in 1954 to 10.61 km2 in 1987. Additionally, stand density and basal area were reduced by 12% and 41%, respectively, from 1987–1996. Fuelwood and timber for domestic use were not extracted at a sustainable rate between 1954 and 1996 from the communally managed pine forest in this study. A sustainable-use management plan, in which all villages surrounding the forest participate, is recommended to provide future forest products for the villages.

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Understanding the Relationship Between Crown Shape and Size and Structural Complexity of Individual Trees

10.1002/essoar.10505369.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ninni Saarinen ◽

Kim Calders ◽

Ville Kankare ◽

Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽

Samuli Junttila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structural Complexity ◽

Crown Shape ◽

Individual Trees ◽

The Relationship ◽

Shape And Size

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Generalized nonlinear height–diameter models for a <i>Cryptomeria fortunei</i> plantation in the Pingba region of Guizhou Province, China

Web Ecology ◽

10.5194/we-18-29-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zongzheng Chai ◽

Wei Tan ◽

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Lan Yan ◽

Hongbo Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Performance ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Forest Monitoring ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Multiple Model ◽

Nonlinear Growth ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. The relationship between height and diameter (H-D) is an important component in forest growth and yield models, and a better understanding of the relationship will improve forest monitoring, management, and biomass estimation. Sixteen nonlinear growth functions were fitted to H-D data for 1261 trees from a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in the Pingba region of Guizhou Province, China. Of the 1261 trees, 80 % were randomly selected for model calibration, while the remaining trees were reserved for model validation. All models were evaluated and compared by means of multiple-model performance criteria. Although all 16 models showed a good fit to the dataset and each of them accounted for more than 75 % of the total variation in height, a large difference in asymptotic estimates was observed. The Chapman–Richards, Weibull, and Näslund models were recommended for C. fortunei plantations, due to their satisfactory height prediction and biological interpretability.

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The effect of spatially variable overstory on the understory light environment of an open-canopied longleaf pine forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-087 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 1984-1991 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Michael A Battaglia ◽

Pu Mou ◽

Brian Palik ◽

Robert J Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Longleaf Pine ◽

Light Availability ◽

Canopy Structure ◽

Basal Area ◽

Pinus Palustris ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Large Group ◽

The Relationship

Spatial aggregation of forest structure strongly regulates understory light and its spatial variation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forest ecosystems. Previous studies have demonstrated that light availability strongly influences longleaf pine seedling growth. In this study, the relationship between spatial structure of a longleaf pine forest and spatial pattern of understory light availability were investigated by comparing three retention harvest treatments: single-tree, small-group, large-group, and an uncut control. The harvests retained similar residual basal area but the spatial patterns of the residual trees differed. Hemispherical photographs were taken at 300 stations to calculate gap light index (GLI), an estimate of understory light availability. Stand-level mean, variation, and spatial distribution of GLI were determined for each treatment. By aggregating residual trees, stand mean GLI increased by 20%, as well as its spatial variation. Spatial autocorrelation of GLI increased as the size of the canopy gaps increased and the gaps were better defined; thus, the predictability of GLI was enhanced. The ranges of detrended semivariograms were increased from the control to the large-group harvest indicating the spatial patterns of understory GLI became coarser textured. Our results demonstrated that aggregated canopy structure of longleaf pine forest will facilitate longleaf pine seedling regeneration.

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A multibiomarker approach in rats to assess the impact of pollution on Sinos River, Southern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842010000600012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 70 (4 suppl) ◽

pp. 1223-1230 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Rechenmacher ◽

AM. Siebel ◽

A. Goldoni ◽

CR. Klauck ◽

T. Sartori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Water Quality ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Anthropogenic Contamination ◽

Water Analyses ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of combining water quality analysis with different biomarkers to characterise the relationship between anthropogenic contamination and biotic response in the Sinos River, southern Brazil. Wistar rats were studied using three biomarkers combined with physical, chemical and microbiological analysis to assess the effects of pollution at four sampling sites. The induction of oxidative stress was quantified by MDA levels in peripheral blood, lymphocyte DNA damage was determined using the comet assay, and histopathological changes were analysed in the liver. After sampling, animals were allowed to drink the river water during a 48 hours period. No increase in oxidative stress and DNA damage was observed. However, liver damage was observed in the animals exposed to water samples, indicating that the Sinos River is contaminated with hepatotoxic substances. Water analyses confirmed that water quality decreased downriver.

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“Until the Day of His Death”

Radical History Review ◽

10.1215/01636545-8822602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (139) ◽

pp. 52-74

Author(s):

Henrique Espada Lima

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Old Age ◽

Human Aging ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Contractual Arrangements ◽

The Poor ◽

Slave Society ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Abstract This article examines postmortem inventories and notarial records from Brazilian slaveholders in southern Brazil in the nineteenth century. By discussing selected cases in detail, it investigates the relationship between “precarious masters” (especially the poor and/or disabled, widows without family, and single elderly slaveholding women and men) and their slaves and former slaves to whom they bequeathed, in their testaments and final wills, manumission and property. The article reads these documents as intergenerational contractual arrangements that connected the masters’ expectations for care in illness and old age with the slaves’ and former slaves’ expectations for compensation for their work and dedication. Following these uneven relationships of interdependence and exploitation as they developed over time, the article suggests a reassessment of the role of paternalism in Brazil during the country’s final century of slavery. More than a tool to enforce relations of domination, paternalism articulated with the dynamics of vulnerability and interdependency as they changed over the life courses of both enslaved people and slave owners. This article shows how human aging became a terrain of negotiation and struggle as Brazilian slave society transformed throughout the nineteenth century.

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Breastfeeding and breast cancer: a case-control study in Southern Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2003000600004 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 1593-1601 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sérgio Tessaro ◽

Jorge U. Béria ◽

Elaine Tomasi ◽

Cesar G. Victora

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Community Controls ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽

The Relationship

To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer in Southern Brazil, a case-control design was employed, with two age-matched control groups. A total of 250 cases of breast cancer were identified in women from 20 to 60 years of age, with 1,020 hospital and community controls. The main study variables were occurrence of breastfeeding and duration of breastfeeding. A multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was employed. According to the results, breastfeeding did not have a protective effect against breast cancer. The odds ratio (OR) for women who breastfed was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.8-1.2) compared to women who did not breastfeed. For women who breastfed for six months or less, the OR was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.6-1.8). In pre-menopausal women who breastfed for more than 25 months, the OR was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.5-3.5), and in post-menopausal women OR was 1.27 (95% CI: 0.5-3.1), compared to women who had not breastfeed.

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