scholarly journals An Evaluation of a New Scheme for Determination of Irrigation Depths in the Egyptian Nile Delta

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2181
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Soil Monitoring ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth

Innovative irrigation techniques should be implemented to improve irrigation management in dryland countries. In this regard, a new scheme, that uses three sets of irrigation depth and numerically simulated cumulative transpiration, was evaluated in the Egyptian Nile delta in 2020. Presuming that water is volumetrically priced, the proposed scheme can maximize net incomes at optimum irrigation depths considering quantitative weather forecasts. A field experiment was carried out with a randomized complete block design using a major crop, maize, to assess the feasibility of the proposed scheme in comparison to a sensor-based irrigation method under conditions of dry climate and clay loamy soil. The proposed scheme could increase the gross net income of farmers and conserve irrigation by 21% and 35%, respectively, compared to a sensor-based irrigation method, although the yield and its components were almost the same with no significant statistical differences. The model could accurately simulate soil water content in the topsoil layers with a RMSE of 0.02 cm3 cm−3. The proposed scheme could be a useful tool to spare the costs of expensive soil monitoring sensors while saving water and improving net income.

scholarly journals Optimizing Irrigation Depth Using a Plant Growth Model and Weather Forecast

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Abd El Baki ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Ieyasu Tokumoto ◽  
Tadaomi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Automated Irrigation System

Numerical models of crop response to irrigation and weather forecasts with internet access should be fully utilized in modern irrigation management. In this respect, we developed a new numerical scheme to optimize irrigation depth that maximizes net income. Net income was calculated as a function of cumulative transpiration over irrigation interval which depends on irrigation depth. To evaluate this scheme, we carried out a field experiment for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in a sandy field of the Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Japan. Two treatments were established to compare the net income of the proposed scheme with that of an automated irrigation system. Results showed that although the proposed scheme gave a larger amount of seasonal irrigation water 28%, it achieved 2.18 times of net income owing to 51% higher yield compared to results of the automated irrigation system. This suggests that the proposed scheme would be more economical tool than automated irrigation systems to optimize irrigation depths.

scholarly journals EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES ◽  
FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI ◽  
EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Level Of Significance

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL  MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI4 E EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Fábio Teixeira Delazari, [email protected] Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Bahia Farm Show, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, [email protected]  1      RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis de produção, estádios maturação de frutos e eficiência no uso da água pela cultura do cafeeiro irrigado por pivô central equipado com emissores LEPA, na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos da variedade Catuaí IAC 144. O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento de blocos casualizados, composto de cinco tratamentos correspondentes à 70, 85, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. As produtividades, os estádios de maturação dos frutos e eficiência no uso da água do cafeeiro foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, em que os modelos foram escolhidos baseados na significância dos coeficientes de regressão utilizando-se o teste t de 1 a 10% de probabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, a produtividade da cultura do café foi expressivamente dependente da lâmina de água aplicada, sendo que a maior produtividade (60 sc ha-1) foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação acumulada de 661 mm ano-1, correspondente à 96% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. A lâmina que proporcionou a máxima porcentagem de frutos cereja (44,1%) foi de 723 mm ano-1 (105%). A lâmina que proporcionou a maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 480 mm ano-1 (70%). Palavras-Chave: Coffea arabica, manejo da irrigação, emissor LEPA, uso eficiente da água.  VICENTE, M. R.; MANTOVANI, E. M.; FERNANDES, A. L. T.; DELAZARI, F. T.; FIGUEREDO, E. M.EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS   ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF COFFEE UNDER CENTER PIVOT  IRRIGATION     2        ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on yield, ripening stages and water use efficiency by the   coffee crop irrigated by center pivot with LEPA emitters in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out at the Café Rio Branco farm, in Barreiras city, Bahia state, using  adult coffee trees of cv. Catuaí IAC 144. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments consisting of 70, 85, 100, 125 and 150 % of ETc, determined by the Irriplus software.  Data of yield, fruit ripening stage and water use efficiency were evaluated   using analyses of variance  and regression. Models were chosen based on level of significance of   regression coefficients using the Student´s t-test, 1 to  10% probability.  Based on the results,  coffee crop yield was highly dependent on  the water depth applied. The highest yield (3.6 ton/ha) was achieved  using accumulated irrigation depth of 661 mm year -1 (96 % of Etc).  Water depths of   723 mm year-1 (105 %) and 480 mm year-1 (70% ETc)  provided the highest percentage of cherry fruit (44.1%) and the highest water use efficiency, respectively. Keywords: Coffea arábica, irrigation management, LEPA emitter, water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
José Valcir Fidelis Martins
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Mixture Experiment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

scholarly journals IRRIGATION FREQUENCIES FOR Eucalyptus grandis SEEDLINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 364-374
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Miguel da Cruz ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Epitácio José de Souza ◽  
Andrisley Joaquim da Silva ◽  
Roberto Filgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Total Seed

One of the bottlenecks in relation to the production of forest seedlings is irrigation, especially in less-tech nurseries. The small volumes of substrate, where the seedlings develop, lead to low water storage. This fact can lead to water deficit and significant losses in the production of seedlings, generating even mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the best irrigation frequencies for Eucalyptus grandis seedling production in less-tech nurseries. The experiment was conducted between 2013/08/04 and 2013/23/07 (106 days) and conducted in Chapadão do Sul county, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. Four irrigation frequencies were tested: IF1 (one daily irrigation - 11:00 a.m.), IF2 (two daily irrigations - 11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.), IF3 (three daily irrigations - 07:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.) and IF4 (four daily irrigations - 07:00 a.m., 11:00 a.m., 3:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m.). The sample units were composed of eight seedlings in 50 cm3 conical tubes filled with soil and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:1. The irrigation depth was estimated by reference evapotranspiration (Penman-Monteith) multiplied by a crop coefficient equal to two. Plant height, number of definitive leaves, shoot dry mass (root and total), seed quality index, survival and efficiency of water use by eucalyptus seedlings were evaluated. The average daily irrigation depth in the experimental period was 5.2 mm. Based on the results, it is recommended for eucalyptus seedling producers, in less-tech nursery, irrigation management twice per days. (11:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m.).

scholarly journals Irrigation of arugula cultivars in the region of Zona da Mata Mineira

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Caio César Silva Alvarenga Correia ◽  
Fernando França da Cunha ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
Derly Jose Henriques Silva ◽  
Santos Henrique Brant Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Mass

The region of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais stands out in the production of vegetables. To achieve the success in this activity, it is important to choose suitable cultivars and apply irrigation correctly. This study aimed to determine the optimum irrigation depth and evaluate new commercial arugula cultivars in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. The cultivation was carried out in a greenhouse during three cycles with periods of 33 (January 11, 2016 to February 12, 2016), 36 (March 1, 2016 to April 5, 2016), and 36 (April 12, 2016 to May 17, 2016) days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications, five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the crop evapotranspiration-ETc) in the plots, and three arugula cultivars (Antonella, Cultivada, and Folha Larga) in the subplots. A drip irrigation system was used. The parameters evaluated were root depth, root fresh mass, plant water potential, leaf temperature, number of commercial leaves, total number of plants, fresh shoot mass, and water use efficiency. Arugula cultivars did not present differences in their agronomic characteristics. An irrigation depth of the 50% ETc is recommended if the soil moisture is under the field capacity at the beginning of the arugula cycle.

scholarly journals Control of cacao (Theobroma cacao) diseases in Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
pp. 45939
Author(s):  
Vicente Anzules-Toala ◽  
Elvis Pazmiño-Bonilla ◽  
Leonel Alvarado-Huamán ◽  
Ricardo Borjas-Ventura ◽  
Viviana Castro-Cepero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Black Pod ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

Introduction. Ecuador occupies the fourth place in cocoa exports with 293,487 tons per year, produced on 559,617 hectares. However, its yield per hectare is low mainly due to the presence of pathogens that affect the pods. Objective. To evaluates different methods of control of pathogens of the Theobroma cacao cv ‘CCN-51’ pod. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in Luz de America, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Ecuador, between 2016 and 2017. The treatments were the result of the combination of cultural practices + two fungicides (Chlorothalonil and Pyraclostrobin) + one biofungicide Serenade® (Bacillus subtilis QST713), with and without fertilizers. In total, 16 treatments were evaluated with 3 replicates or blocks, installed in a commercial cocoa plantation cv ‘CCN-51’ and under a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Results. The use of fungicides (chemical and biological), decreased the incidence of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), black pod rot (Phytophthora spp.), and cherelle wilt; but the application of fertilizers did not increase the effectiveness of these products. Treatment with only cultural practices did not decrease the final incidence of moniliasis, nor of brown rot, in contrast, the final incidence of cherelle wilt increased. The number of pods and the yield were not directly related and the highest yield of fermented and dry cocoa, corresponded to T9 [Cultural labors + Serenade® (0.2 kg ha-1) (every 15 days) + Fertilizer (0.3 kg ha-1) + Fertilizer (1 kg plant-1)], a treatment that also had the highest net income per hectare. Conclusion. Chemical and biological control can manage cocoa pods pathogens. The integration of both control methods allowed the cocoa producer to obtain greater income.

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation and Yield Determination of Climate-smart Brachiaria Grasses for Improving Livestock Production among the Farmers in Embu and Meru Counties

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Catherine Muriithi ◽  
Beatrice Nganga ◽  
Eliud Kagete ◽  
Donald Njarui ◽  
Alfred Micheni
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Short Rains

Aims: To introduce brachiaria grasses in Meru and Embu Counties to increase the range of fodder/forage varieties available to smallholders through the use of climate-smart brachiaria grasses for increased income. The project also aimed at identifying the best brachiaria varieties suitable for the target Agro-Ecological ones through evaluation by the farmers and yield assessment. Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in Embu and Meru Counties during the short rains of 2015. Methodology: Three varieties of brachiaria were introduced in the short rains of 2015 in KALRO Embu, Geeto Igoji in Meru, and Embu County. These were Brachiaria decumbense -Cultivar Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar BRS Piata and Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Plots of 5x5m were planted and replicated three times using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to increase the range of fodder/forage varieties available to smallholder and assess the yield and acceptability of the different brachiaria grasses varieties. The three varieties were planted in the mega demonstration sites. The grass performance was analyzed through pairwise ranking and the grass with the best attributes was selected. Yield data was also collected. Results: After ranking, the results indicated that the rate of growth and the amount of biomass as the most important attributes followed by the animals' response after feeding and the rate of rejuvenation after harvesting respectively. Using the attributes, the group members concluded that Brachiaria decumbense- Cultivar basilisk was the best followed by brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar piata and finally brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Conclusion: In conclusion, based on the attributes, the best brachiaria varieties for use in Embu and Meru Countries are Brachiaria decumbense –Cultivar Basilisk and Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo. Based on yield, Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Toledo is the best in Embu County while Brachiaria brizantha- Cultivar Basilisk is the best in Meru County.

scholarly journals Center pivot irrigation management in maize hybrids and the incidence of stalk rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 840-846
Author(s):  
Irineu E. Kühn ◽  
Mayara F. Cotrim ◽  
Ricardo Gava ◽  
Rita de C. F. Alvarez ◽  
Job T. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the incidence of Fusarium spp. in commercial maize hybrids and irrigation management strategies utilizing center pivot systems. The experiment was carried out during the second season in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement with five maize hybrids (2B810, MG580, AS1633, DKB290, and AG8544). The plots were irrigated with five frequencies (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days) in one experiment, and five water depths (at 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration) in another experiment. Plant height, ear insertion height, moisture at harvest time, yield, and incidence of stalk rot were evaluated. Neither irrigation frequency nor irrigation depth influenced the incidence of disease. The one-day irrigation frequency provided the highest yield for maize hybrids. Hybrid 2B810 showed the highest yield and the lowest incidence of the disease.

Determination of Critical Period of W eed Control in Kala Zeera ( Buniumpersicum bios ) in Gurez V alley of Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
PARMEET SINGH ◽  
LAL SINGH ◽  
PURSHOTAM SINGH ◽  
M A RATHER ◽  
SATINDER KAUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Critical Stage ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Critical P eriod of W eed Control (CPWC) is the period in crop growth cycle during which w eeds must be controlled to prev ent unacceptable yield losses.T w o sets of treatments w ere imposed to represent both increasing duration of w eed interference and the length of the w eed-free period measured after germination. The first set of treatments consists of increasing duration of w eed interference by delaying w eed control from the time of crop emergence up to predetermined w eek (w eedy up to 2,4,6,8,10 and 12 w eeks after germination (W AG) of Kala Zeera ) . The second set of treatments established six lev els of increasing length of the w eed-free period (w eed free upto 2, 4, 6, 10 and 12 W AG). Besides tw o controls (W eed free and w eedy check). These comprised of 14 treatments which w ere laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. It w as rev ealed that v ariation in Kala zeera seed yield due to w eeds is upto 88% and yield gets reduced as low as 48 % in w eedy check plots. Early w eed competition does not hav e hav e profound influence in Kala zeera crop.According to av erage data of tw o y ears inv estigation, it w as concluded that W eeds emerging betw een 6-12 W AG appear to be most detrimental to Kala zeera growth and yield and hence qualifies critical stage for w eed competition.

scholarly journals COMBINATIONS OF CORIANDER AND SALAD ROCKET CULTIVARS IN BICROPPING SYSTEMS INTERCROPPED WITH CARROT CULTIVARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSIMAR NOGUEORA DA SILVA ◽  
◽  
FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽  
JAILMA SUERDA SILVA DE LIMA ◽  
GARDÊNIA SILVANA DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Variable ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
Shoot Mass

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of coriander and salad rocket cultivars in bicropping systems intercropped with carrot cultivars in strips under the conditions of Mossoró-RN. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes from July to December 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial design with additional treatments of type 2 x 2 x 2 + 2. The treatments consisted of the combinations of two coriander cultivars (Verdão and Português) and two rocket cultivars (Cultivada and Folha Larga), intercropped with two carrot cultivars (Brasília and Esplanada) plus two additional treatments, where the first are the cultivars in monocropping and the second the types of cropping (single and intercropped). We evaluated fresh and dry shoot mass in coriander and rocket and fresh and dry shoot mass as well as dry root mass, commercial and total root productivity, and classified root productivity in carrot. In the intercropping systems we evaluated land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable, besides the indicators of economic efficiency (gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin). Highest agroeconomic efficiency in intercropping systems was achieved with the combination of the coriander cultivar 'Verdão' and the rocket cultivars 'Folha Larga' or 'Cultivada' as well as the carrot cultivars 'Brasília' or 'Esplanada'. Regardless of the tested cultivar combinations, systems with coriander and salad rocket intercropped with carrot showed higher efficiency than monocropping systems.

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