Potential of Species of Green Coverage in Entisol

The intensive use of the soil, associated with the application of chemical fertilizers, contribute to degradation processes that affect soil quality and crop production. The use of techniques that contribute to soil conservation and reduction of external inputsis important for the success of the agriculture, and hedging is an alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass production nutrient accumulation and contents, as well as rate of decomposition of different species used as cover plants. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with nine treatments distributed in three blocks. The treatments were: Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don., Crotalaria juncea L., Dolichos lablab L., Stizolobium niveum (Roxb.) Kuntze, Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy, Neonotonia wightii (Wight & Arn.) J.A. Lackey and Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. The most recommended species as cover plants are C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis for they produce more dry matter on the tops, 5.89 and 4.04 kg ha-1, in addition to greater accumulation of nutrients. C. ochroleuca and C. spectabilis had higher accumulation of N, P, K, Mg and S, and soil coverage with those species can be a good source of green manure. The recommended species for the highest coverage rate are: N. wightii; S. niveum and S. aterrimum. The recommended species for the lowest rate of decomposition are: S. aterrimum; S. niveum; P. glaucum and C. ochroleuca (0.245; 0.260; 0.264 and 0.276% month-1).

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COVER CROPS IN THE OFF-SEASON IN THE WEED MANAGEMENT AT NOTILLAGE AREA

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n106rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

FERNANDO COUTO DE ARAÚJO ◽

ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE ◽

JULIANA LOURENÇO NUNES GUIMARÃES ◽

VINÍCIUS SILVA SOUSA ◽

MARCO ANTÔNIO MOREIRA DE FREITAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Weed Species ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Main Growth ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT Cover crops can provide suppression of weeds and together with chemical control make the proper management of weeds in agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crop cultivation during the off-season on weed development in a no-tillage area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks scheme with six treatments and four replications. The treatments were: fallow (control), millet (Pennisetum glaucum) + crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis + C. juncea + C. ochroleuca), millet + pigeon pea (Cajanus cajans), millet + Urochloa ruziziensis, millet + Urochloa ruziziensis + pigeon pea and millet + buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum. The evaluations were done at 30, 75 and 225 days after sowing of the cover crops (DAS). The main growth weed species in the area were Cenchrus echinathus, Euphorbia heterophylla and Digitaria insularis. Fallow treatment showed greater number of weed species with density of 184 plants m-2, 9.0 species and with 527.8 g m-2 of dry matter mass at 225 DAS. In all treatments verified reduction in the density and mass of weeds dry matter compared to the fallow, with average of 30 plants m-2, 5.8 species and 7.9 g m-2 at 225 DAS, respectively. The use of cover crops is an important strategy for weed control in agricultural areas.

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Dry Mass Accumulation, Nutrients and Decomposition of Cover Plants

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n5p152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daiane Conceição de Sousa ◽

João Carlos Medeiros ◽

Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽

Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽

Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Production ◽

Crop Species ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Matter Production ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

The use of cover crops is an important strategy for soil management in the Brazilian Cerrado to improve no-tillage (NT) systems. For this, it is necessary know the potential of cover crop species for biomass production, nutrient cycling, and persistence of residues on the soil surface in soils and climatic conditions of this biome. Thus, the experiment was developed to evaluate the agronomic potential of cover crops cultivated on an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo) in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from January 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of single and intercropped cover species. The evaluations were: dry mass production, nutritional composition of the plants, nutrient accumulation by dry mass produced and decomposition rate of the dry mass produced for each treatment. The higher dry matter production was obtained with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Pennisetum glaucum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. The lower dry matter production was obtained with Mucuna aterrima, and mix of Crotalaria spectabilis + Pennisetum glaucum. The higher nutrients accumulation in the plants occurred for Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The cover plants studied presented good potential for soil conservation, due to the permanence of residues on the surface, except for Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis.

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Decomposition and nutrient release of leguminous green manure species in the Jaguaribe-Apodi region, Ceará, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20140468 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 970-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Natanael Santiago Pereira ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

Fábio Rodrigues de Miranda

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Decomposition Rates ◽

Release Rates ◽

Litter Bags ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Dolichos Lablab ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

ABSTRACT: The use of leguminous green manure can be an alternative for the region agricultural systems due to its ability to incorporate significant amounts of nutrients into the soil through decomposition and nutrient release from biomass. This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition rates and nutrient release of six leguminous green manure species ( Crotalaria juncea , Canavalia ensiformes , Cajanus cajan , Crotalaria spectabilis , Dolichos lablab and Mucuna deeringiana ) in an area of the Jaguaribe-Apodi agricultural region, Brazil. Experiment was carried out under field conditions in a randomized block design with five replications. Decomposition and nutrient release from leguminous biomass were monitored by sampling at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after installing litter bags. In general, Crotalaria spectabilis and Canavalia ensiformes showed higher decomposition and nutrient release rates and they are the most promising for the region in the conditions of this study. However, for greater persistence of residues in the soil, Crotalaria juncea is more recommended.

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Suppressive effects on weeds and dry matter yields of cover crops

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000500005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 566-574

Author(s):

Alexandre Cunha de Barcellos Ferreira ◽

Ana Luiza Dias Coelho Borin ◽

Julio Cesar Bogiani ◽

Fernando Mendes Lamas

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

High Dry Matter ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter yield of cover crops and their suppressive effects on weeds. The experiment was carried out during three years in a cerrado area of the state of Goiás, Brazil, and consisted of 16 treatments with fallow and cover crops cultivated in single cropping and intercropping. Fallow allowed high weed infestation. Cover crops affected the composition of weeds, which showed greater diversity in fallow, followed by the Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' and Cajanus cajan crops. In the average of the three experimental years, the highest dry matter yield was observed for the treatments Panicum maximum (10,857 kg ha-1), Urochloa brizantha 'Piatã' (11,437 kg ha-1), U. ruziziensis (9,463 kg ha-1), and U. ruziziensis intercropped with Crotalaria spectabilis (9,167 kg ha-1), which prevented weed infestation. Pennisetum glaucum 'BRS 1501' had a low dry matter yield (<5,000 kg ha-1) and did not suppress weeds. Panicum maximum, U. brizantha 'Piatã', U. ruziziensis, and U. ruziziensis intercropped with C. spectabilis provide high dry matter yield and suppress weed infestation in the cerrado area.

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Investigation of the Biomass and Nutrient Content of Green Manuring Plants as Second Crops in Hungary

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4017763 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 47

Author(s):

Peter MIKO ◽

Gergo KOVACS ◽

Istvan BALLA ◽

Laszlo VASA ◽

Csaba GYURICZA

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Macro Elements ◽

The Given

The growth, and the development and trends of the nutrient content parameters of three different plant species (Phacelia tanacecifolia,Sinapis alba, Raphanus sativus) grown as secondary crops for green manure, as a function of two different fertiliser doses (0 kg/ha N; 50kg/ha N), was studied under unfavourable site conditions at the Crop Production and Biomass Utilisation Demonstration Centre of theSzent IstvÃ¡n University, GÃ¶dÃ¶llÅ‘, Hungary. The application of the small, 50 kg/ha dose of nitrogen increased the biomass yield in eachcase, to 2.78-3.11 times that of the control field. The dry matter content of the produce increased only by 2.11-2.66 times, as the watercontent of the green manure plants also increased as a result of the nitrogen supplement. The increased amount of nitrogen boosted theavailability of all of the other macro elements for the plants. In view of the present findings it can be recommend the application of somenitrogen fertiliser in the given site before growing some crop for use as green manure in all cases but where the straw after cereals is left onthe soil surface nitrogen should be applied to alleviate the pentosan effect and to increase the uptake of macro elements.

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Volunteer RR® corn management in roundup ready® soybean-corn succession system

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000100014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F.A. PETTER ◽

V.M. SIMA ◽

M.B. FRAPORTI ◽

C.S. PEREIRA ◽

S.O. PROCÓPIO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Rate Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Crop Season ◽

Joint Application ◽

Ground Coverage ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

The present study evaluated the effects of cover crops (Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria spectabilis and Urochloa ruziziensis) associated with the application of herbicides {glyphosate; (glyphosate + haloxyfop-R); (glyphosate + fluazifop-p-butyl); (glyphosate + imazethapyr) and (glyphosate + imazaquin)} in soybean desiccation management for volunteer RR® corn control. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Sinop-MT, during the 2013/2014 crop season, in a randomized complete blocks design with factorial scheme and four replications. The following parameter were evaluated: dry matter of cover crops and ground coverage rate, control of volunteer RR® corn present at the time of desiccation, dry matter, height and intoxication level on soybean plants caused by herbicides at 7, 14 and 28 days after emergence (DAE), control of volunteer RR® corn derived from emergence fluxes subsequent to desiccation management and soybean yield. The joint application of (glyphosate + haloxyfop-R) provided the best level of volunteer RR® corn control present at the time of desiccation. Satisfactory control (80%) of volunteer corn was obtained with the application of (glyphosate + imazethapyr). This treatment displayed an additional residual effect of imazethapyr, which efficiently controled volunteer RR® corn derived from fluxes subsequent to desiccation management, especially in treatments performed under U. ruziziensis straw. None of the herbicides used in desiccation management caused any significant effect on dry matter, height and phytotoxicity of soybean plants at 7, 14 and 28 DAE nor on grain yield.

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SELEÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES VEGETAIS TOLERANTES AO HERBICIDA HEXAZINONE

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v7i4.7266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Vanessa Silva Santos ◽

Adriano Jakelaitis ◽

Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽

Gustavo Dorneles de Sousa ◽

Gustavo Silva de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mucuna Pruriens ◽

Velvet Bean ◽

Crotalaria Juncea ◽

Canavalia Ensiformis ◽

Dolichos Lablab ◽

Urochloa Brizantha ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

Hexazinone é um herbicida utilizado na cultura da cana-de-açúcar e apresenta alta persistência no ambiente. Para detoxificar ambientes contaminados com hexazinone foi investigada a tolerância de plantas à molécula, testando-se dez espécies: capim-marandu (Urochloa brizantha), capim-ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis), guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea e Crotalaria spectabilis), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis), lab-lab (Dolichos lablab), mucuna (Mucuna pruriens e Mucuna aterrima) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) tratadas com as doses de hexazinone de 0; 125,0; 187,5 e 375,0 g ia ha-1. A pesquisa foi delineada em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. O herbicida foi aplicado em vasos, contendo 6 kg de solo, e após 48 horas, foram semeadas as espécies vegetais. Foram avaliados a fitointoxicação e a altura das plantas (AP) aos 30 e aos 60 dias após a emergência (DAE) e a massa seca (MS) das plantas, aos 60 DAE. Na dose de 187,5 g ia ha-1, a espécie C. cajan apresentou menor fitointoxicação e maiores valores de AP e de MS da parte aérea em relação às demais espécies. Não houve diferença para a MS de raízes entre as espécies. C. cajan foi a espécie mais tolerante, o que a torna boa candidata para fitorremediar solo contaminado com hexazinone.Palavras-chave: fitorremediação; persistência; solo. SELECTION OF TOLERANT VEGETABLE SPECIES TO HEXAZINONE HERBICIDE ABSTRACT: Hexazinone is a herbicide used in the cultivation of sugarcane and has high persistence in the environment. To detoxify environments contaminated with this herbicide, the tolerance of plants in the presence of the molecule was investigated, testing 10 species: palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), Urochloa ruziziensis, pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), indian bean (Dolichos lablab), millet (Pennisetum glaucum), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens and Mucuna aterrima) at different doses of the herbicide: 0, 125.0, 187.5 and 375.0 g ai ha-. The research was outlined in randomized blocks with four replicates. At 30 and 60 days after emergence (DAE) the phytotoxification and plant height (PA) were evaluated. The dry mass (DM) of the plants was measured at 60 DAE. At the rate of 187.5 g ai ha-1, the C. cajan species presented lower phytointoxication and higher values of PA and of DM of shoot above the other species. There was no difference for root DM between species. C. cajan was the most tolerant species, which makes it a good candidate for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with hexazinone.Keywords: phytoremediation; persistence; soil.

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The effectiveness of weed regulation methods in spring wheat cultivated in integrated, conventional and organic crop production systems

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-012-0078-4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 486-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Production Systems ◽

Integrated System ◽

Integrated Systems ◽

Conventional System ◽

Weed Species ◽

Organic System ◽

Weed Communities

Abstract The research was conducted from 2008 to 2010, and compared the influence of different weed control methods used in spring wheat on the structure of the weed communities and the crop yield. The study was carried out at the Experimental Station of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Osiny as part of a long-term trial where these crop production systems had been compared since 1994. In the conventional and integrated systems, spring wheat was grown in a pure stand, whereas in the organic system, the wheat was grown with undersown clover and grasses. In the conventional system, herbicides were applied two times in a growing season, but in the integrated system - only once. The effectiveness of weed management was lower in the organic system than in other systems, but the dry matter of weeds did not exceed 60 g/m2. In the integrated system, the average dry matter of weeds in spring wheat was 4 times lower, and in the conventional system 10 times lower than in the organic system. Weed diversity was the largest in spring wheat cultivated in the organic system. In the conventional and integrated systems, compensation of some weed species was observed (Viola arvensis, Fallopia convolvulus, Equisetum arvense). The comparison of weed communities using Sorenson’s indices revealed more of a similarity between systems in terms of number of weed species than in the number of individuals. Such results imply that qualitative changes are slower than quantitative ones. The yield of grain was the biggest in the integrated system (5.5 t/ha of average). It was 35% higher than in the organic system, and 20% higher than in conventional ones.

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Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170512000324 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 42-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Drew J. Lyon ◽

Gary W. Hergert

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Great Plains ◽

Green Manure ◽

Crop Production ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

N Fertility ◽

Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

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Economic analysis of rice and common bean production in succession to green manure crops and mecahnical soil decompression in Brazilian Savannah

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663030006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 315-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vagner do Nascimento ◽

Orivaldo Arf ◽

Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽

Nayara Fernanda Siviero Garcia ◽

Mariele de Souza Penteado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Green Manure ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Green Manures ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Brazilian Savannah ◽

Soil Scarification ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACT The previous cultivation of green manures and mechanical soil decompression are options to minimize compaction of the topsoil in no-tilage system (NTS) set in different production systems in the Brazilian Savannah. In addition, it is essential to relate these agricultural practices with the economic benefits generated through the production cycles. The objective of this study was to evaluate economically the effect of sporadic mechanical decompression of the soil and previous cultivation of green manure in the production and net gain margin of upland rice and "winter" common bean, under sprinkler irrigation, in NTS in lowland Brazilian savannah. This study was developed in the 2012/13 harvest and 2013 winter in Selvíria, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in an clay texture Oxisol in the savanah in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, in a randomized block design arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with four replications. The treatments were a combination of five green manures (fallow (control), Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum and Urochloa ruziziensis) with and without mechanical soil scarification. The yields of upland rice and common bean grains were not influenced by the previous green manure cultivation; the upland rice grown in succession to Cajanus cajan in the presence of mechanical soil scarification provided greater increase in grain yield and higher gross margin profit. Beans cultivated in succession to Crotalaria juncea and Pennisetum glaucum in the presence of mechanical soil scarification, followed by rice cultivation, provided greater increases in grain yield and gross profit margins.

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