scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: Part II. Studies Progress on the Pathogen and Its Toxin of U. virens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Sexual Stages

In this part, the history of the study on RFS pathogen U. virens was reviewed, including the pathogen naming and the change process, morphological characteristics of U. virens and culture characters both of asexual and sexual stages, and mycelium, chlamydospore, conidiophore and sclerotium germination. Genetic diversity, pathogenicity, the strain-host interaction, host range of U. virens and it’s early detection were also discussed. The research of Ustiloxins of RFS, including biological activity, toxicity to plants and animal, the potential possibility utilization of Ustiloxins, for example use as screening agent for rice varieties resistance to RFS, and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: III. Infection Cycle and Invasion Mechanism of U. virens and Rice Resistance to RFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Invasion Mechanism ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
False Smut

In this part, the infection cycle and invasion mechanism of RFS, including the primary and secondary source of RFS infection. The factors affecting the disease occurrence and epidemiology, including the infection time and pathway, different conditions affecting the incidence of RFS, for example, the type of rice varieties and morphological characteristic, meteorological factors, environmental conditions, cultivation management, and amount of U. virens in the field. The mechanism of rice varieties’ resistance to RFS were also discussed, including morphological characteristics, and biochemical mechanism, resistance genes of rice.

scholarly journals Insights into the susceptibility of rice to a floral disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bang Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal

Crop floral diseases are economically important as they reduce grain yield and quality and even introduce food toxins. Rice false smut has emerged as a serious floral disease producing mycotoxins. However, very little is known on the interaction mechanisms between rice flower and the causal fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Here we show that a conserved anti-fungal immunity in rice flower is disarmed by U. virens via a secreted protein UvChi1. UvChi1 functioned as an essential virulence factor and directly interacted with the chitin receptor CEBiP and co-receptor CERK1 in rice to disrupt their oligomerizations and subsequent immune responses. Moreover, intraspecific-conserved UvChi1 could target OsCEBiP/OsCERK1 receptor complex in at least 98.5% of 5232 surveyed rice accessions. These results demonstrate that U. virens utilizes a crucial virulence factor to subvert chitin-triggered flower immunity in most rice varieties, providing new insights into the susceptibility of rice to false smut disease.

Genetic diversity and population structure of the rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in Sichuan-Chongqing region

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anfei Fang ◽  
Zhuangyuan Fu ◽  
Zexiong Wang ◽  
Yuhang Fu ◽  
Yubao Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
False Smut

Rice false smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is currently one of the most devastating fungal diseases of rice panicles worldwide. In this study, two novel molecular markers derived from SNP-rich genomic DNA fragments and a previously reported molecular marker were used for analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 167 U. virens isolates collected from nine areas in Sichuan-Chongqing region, China. A total of 62 haplotypes were identified, and a few haplotypes with high frequency were found and distributed in two to three areas, suggesting gene flow among different geographical populations. All isolates were divided into six genetic groups. The groups Ⅰ and Ⅵ were the largest including 61 and 48 isolates, respectively. The pairwise FST values showed significant genetic differentiation among all compared geographical populations. AMOVA showed that intergroup genetic variation accounted for 40.17% of the total genetic variation, while 59.83% of genetic variation came from intragroup. The UPGMA dendrogram and population structure revealed that the genetic composition of isolates collected from ST (Santai), NC (Nanchong), YC (Yongchuan), and WS (Wansheng) dominated by the same genetic subgroup was different from those collected from other areas. In addition, genetic recombination was found in a few isolates. These findings will help to improve the strategies for rice false smut management and resistance breeding, such as evaluating breeding lines with different isolates or haplotypes at different elevations and landforms.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of rice false smut fungi Ustilaginoidea virens Uv-Gvt strain from India reveals genetic diversity and phylogenetic divergence

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devanna Pramesh ◽  
Muthukapalli K. Prasannakumar ◽  
Kondarajanahally M. Muniraju ◽  
H. B. Mahesh ◽  
H. D. Pushpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Phylogenetic Divergence

scholarly journals Effect of Furrow Irrigation on the Severity of False Smut in Susceptible Rice Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brooks ◽  
Merle M. Anders ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
False Smut

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza sativa) in the southern United States, where all major rice cultivars and hybrids are susceptible to the disease. False smut susceptibility was evaluated in traditional paddy-rice fields and under furrow-irrigated conditions to determine the effects of alternative agricultural practices on the severity of this disease. Highly effective false smut suppression was observed in furrow-irrigated rice, where the disease was nearly eliminated in susceptible rice entries. False smut suppression was observed for two hybrids and one conventional rice cultivar, demonstrating that suppression was not limited to specific germplasm sources. Kernel smut severity was also monitored, but no effect on this disease was observed from the irrigation treatments. Therefore, suppression of disease severity in nonflooded rice appears to be a phenomenon unique to the rice–false smut pathosystem, which can be exploited to achieve effective field resistance to this disease.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of local rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta based on SSR markers and morphological characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Tran Huu Phuc ◽  
Van Quoc Giang ◽  
Nguyen Van Manh ◽  
Huynh Ky
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significance Level

Based on target traits, use of the genetic diversity of rice is beneficial for crop improvement. In this study, 41 rice varieties local to Vietnam’s Mekong Delta were evaluated on the basis of 11 quantitative morphological traits, along with the assessment of genetic diversity according to 50 SSR markers. The actual yield had a significance level of 0.05, while plant height and panicles per square meter had a high significance level of 0.001. Cluster analysis based on 11 quantitative traits also revealed that two were the optimal number of clusters used in this study. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value obtained was for RM286 (0.49), with a range of 0.00 to 0.49 and an average PIC of 0.14. Both structure and phylogenetic tree analyses as inferred from 50 SSR markers by the unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) also indicated that the 41 local rice varieties could be divided into two major groups. This study provides a useful information for Mot bui do cao CM, and Mot bui five varieties for improvements in the yield and intermediate amylose content of local rice‐breeding programs in future, especially for the Mekong Delta region.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Issiaka Bagayoko ◽  
Marcos Giovanni Celli ◽  
Gustavo Romay ◽  
Nils Poulicard ◽  
Agnès Pinel-Galzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Gene Recombination ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Evolutionary History

The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.

scholarly journals A systematic revision of Capparaceae and Cleomaceae in Egypt: an evaluation of the generic delimitations of Capparis and Cleome using ecological and genetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd. S. El zayat ◽  
Mahmoud El Sayd Ali ◽  
Mohamed Hamdy Amar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Markers ◽  
Ecological Distribution ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background The Capparaceae family is commonly recognized as a caper, while Cleomaceae represents one of small flowering family within the order Brassicales. Earlier, Cleomaceae was included in the family Capparaceae; then, it was moved to a distinct family after DNA evidence. Variation in habits and a bewildering array of floral and fruit forms contributed to making Capparaceae a “trash-basket” family in which many unrelated plants were placed. Indeed, family Capparaceae and Cleomaceae are in clear need of more detailed systematic revision. Results Here, in the present study, the morphological characteristics and the ecological distribution as well as the genetic diversity analysis among the twelve species of both Capparaceae and Cleomaceae have been determined. The genetic analysis has been checked using 15 ISSR, 30 SRAP, and 18 ISTR to assess the systematic knots between the two families. In order to detect the molecular phylogeny, a comparative analysis of the three markers was performed based on the exposure of discriminating capacity, efficiency, and phylogenetic heatmap. Our results indicated that there is a morphological and ecological variation between the two families. Moreover, the molecular analysis confirmed that ISTR followed by SRAP markers has superior discriminating capacity for describing the genetic diversity and is able to simultaneously distinguish many polymorphic markers per reaction. Indeed, both the PCA and HCA data have drawn a successful annotation relationship in Capparaceae and Cleome species to evaluate whether the specific group sort individual or overlap groups. Conclusion The outcomes of the morphological and ecological characterization along with the genetic diversity indicated an insight solution thorny interspecies in Cleome and Gynandropsis genera as a distinct family (Cleomaceae) and the other genera (Capparis, Cadaba, Boscia, and Maerua) as Capparaceae. Finally, we recommended further studies to elucidate the systematic position of Dipterygium glaucum.

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