scholarly journals Insights into the susceptibility of rice to a floral disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bang Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jin-Long Wu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal

Crop floral diseases are economically important as they reduce grain yield and quality and even introduce food toxins. Rice false smut has emerged as a serious floral disease producing mycotoxins. However, very little is known on the interaction mechanisms between rice flower and the causal fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Here we show that a conserved anti-fungal immunity in rice flower is disarmed by U. virens via a secreted protein UvChi1. UvChi1 functioned as an essential virulence factor and directly interacted with the chitin receptor CEBiP and co-receptor CERK1 in rice to disrupt their oligomerizations and subsequent immune responses. Moreover, intraspecific-conserved UvChi1 could target OsCEBiP/OsCERK1 receptor complex in at least 98.5% of 5232 surveyed rice accessions. These results demonstrate that U. virens utilizes a crucial virulence factor to subvert chitin-triggered flower immunity in most rice varieties, providing new insights into the susceptibility of rice to false smut disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultural Management Practices on the Severity of False Smut and Kernel Smut of Rice

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brooks ◽  
Merle M. Anders ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertility ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Minor Disease

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and kernel smut (Neovossia horrida) are diseases of rice (Oryza sativa) that reduce both grain yield and quality. False smut is an emerging disease worldwide that is rapidly gaining in importance, whereas kernel smut has historically been a chronic minor disease with sporadic outbreaks that cause considerable losses. Highly effective disease control was obtained for susceptible cultivars by employing conservation tillage (69% reduction in false smut), continuous rice cropping (88% reduction in false smut), and moderate nitrogen fertility rates (34 and 60% reductions in false smut and kernel smut, respectively). Combining these treatments nearly eliminated smuts from cultivars that were fully susceptible under conventional cultivation practices. Furthermore, using a nursery designed to promote smut diseases, two rice hybrids were identified that possessed kernel smut resistance under the most favorable disease conditions. The genetic basis of the resistance is unknown. However, the utility for disease control is great because hybrids occupy significant portions of production rice acreage.

scholarly journals Effect of Furrow Irrigation on the Severity of False Smut in Susceptible Rice Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Brooks ◽  
Merle M. Anders ◽  
Kathleen M. Yeater
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
False Smut

False smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) is an important emerging disease of rice (Oryza sativa) in the southern United States, where all major rice cultivars and hybrids are susceptible to the disease. False smut susceptibility was evaluated in traditional paddy-rice fields and under furrow-irrigated conditions to determine the effects of alternative agricultural practices on the severity of this disease. Highly effective false smut suppression was observed in furrow-irrigated rice, where the disease was nearly eliminated in susceptible rice entries. False smut suppression was observed for two hybrids and one conventional rice cultivar, demonstrating that suppression was not limited to specific germplasm sources. Kernel smut severity was also monitored, but no effect on this disease was observed from the irrigation treatments. Therefore, suppression of disease severity in nonflooded rice appears to be a phenomenon unique to the rice–false smut pathosystem, which can be exploited to achieve effective field resistance to this disease.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Ustilaginoidea virens IPU010, a Rice Pathogenic Fungus Causing False Smut

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitaka Kumagai ◽  
Tomoko Ishii ◽  
Goro Terai ◽  
Myco Umemura ◽  
Masayuki Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
False Smut

Ustilaginoidea virens is a rice pathogenic fungus that causes false smut disease, a disease that seriously damages the yield and quality of the grain. Analysis of the U. virens IPU010 33.6-Mb genome sequence will aid in the understanding of the pathogenicity of the strain, particularly in regard to effector proteins and secondary metabolic genes.

scholarly journals Extraction of Areas of Rice False Smut Infection Using UAV Hyperspectral Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Gangqiang An ◽  
Minfeng Xing ◽  
Binbin He ◽  
Haiqi Kang ◽  
Jiali Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Similarity Analysis ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Spatiotemporal Change ◽  
Rice False Smut ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Scientific Nature ◽  
Over Time

Rice false smut (RFS), caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, is a significant grain disease in rice that can lead to reduced yield and quality. In order to obtain spatiotemporal change information, multitemporal hyperspectral UAV data were used in this study to determine the sensitive wavebands for RFS identification, 665–685 and 705–880 nm. Then, two methods were used for the extraction of rice false smut-infected areas, one based on spectral similarity analysis and one based on spectral and temporal characteristics. The final overall accuracy of the two methods was 74.23 and 85.19%, respectively, showing that the second method had better prediction accuracy. In addition, the classification results of the two methods show that the areas of rice false smut infection had an expanding trend over time, which is consistent with the natural development law of rice false smut, and also shows the scientific nature of the two methods.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: Part II. Studies Progress on the Pathogen and Its Toxin of U. virens

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
False Smut ◽  
Sexual Stages

In this part, the history of the study on RFS pathogen U. virens was reviewed, including the pathogen naming and the change process, morphological characteristics of U. virens and culture characters both of asexual and sexual stages, and mycelium, chlamydospore, conidiophore and sclerotium germination. Genetic diversity, pathogenicity, the strain-host interaction, host range of U. virens and it’s early detection were also discussed. The research of Ustiloxins of RFS, including biological activity, toxicity to plants and animal, the potential possibility utilization of Ustiloxins, for example use as screening agent for rice varieties resistance to RFS, and anticancer drugs.

Seasonal variation in grain yield and quality in different rice varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwannee Laenoi ◽  
Benjavan Rerkasem ◽  
Sittichai Lordkaew ◽  
Chanakan Prom-u-thai
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Stability analysis for grain yield and quality traits in selected traditional and improved varieties of rice over different Zones of Karnataka

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
GL Ashwini ◽  
MP Rajanna ◽  
CA Deepak ◽  
BS Chethana ◽  
D Shobha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Traditional rice varieties (TRVs) form important components of genetic reservoir. TRVs used in study viz., Rajamudi, Ratnachoodi and Jeerigesanna are photosensitive. They may exhibit Genotype by Environment (G×E) interactions for grain yield and quality traits. Hence, present experiment was conducted to understand responses of yield and quality traits in selected traditional along with improved varieties of rice over five different locations of Karnataka using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and bi-plots were developed following GGE bi-plot methodology. AMMI analysis revealed that there existed significant GE interaction among ten rice varieties and genotypes and environments were diverse in nature. IPCA1 and IPCA2 together explained more than 75% of GE interaction for yield and quality traits and maximum GE interaction was explained by IPCA (Interaction Principle Component Analysis) 1. BR-2655 and Ratnachoodi were found to be most stable varieties and Mugadsiri was found to be most unstable variety for grain yield. Jeerigesanna and BPT-5204 were stable for gel consistency and amylose content respectively. Among rice varieties used, BR-2655 was found to be the best variety since it recorded highest grain yield and also it was stable performer for grain yield and also amylose content across five different locations.

scholarly journals Research on Advance of Rice False Smut Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah Worldwide: III. Infection Cycle and Invasion Mechanism of U. virens and Rice Resistance to RFS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Shiwen Huang ◽  
Lianmeng Liu ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Hou
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Invasion Mechanism ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
False Smut

In this part, the infection cycle and invasion mechanism of RFS, including the primary and secondary source of RFS infection. The factors affecting the disease occurrence and epidemiology, including the infection time and pathway, different conditions affecting the incidence of RFS, for example, the type of rice varieties and morphological characteristic, meteorological factors, environmental conditions, cultivation management, and amount of U. virens in the field. The mechanism of rice varieties’ resistance to RFS were also discussed, including morphological characteristics, and biochemical mechanism, resistance genes of rice.

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