Managing Stink Bugs on Soybean Fields: Insights on Chemical Management

Stink bugs are a major concern for pest management in soybean crops. With agricultural frontiers expanding in Brazil and cultivation techniques being heavily intensified, stink bug populations have become increasingly dispersed and hard to control, causing severe economic losses to soybean growers across the country. Chemical insecticides known as neonicotinoids, organophosphates and pyrethroids currently represent the main control strategy for this pest, being often mixed together in order to enhance control efficacy and prevent resistance development. Each of these chemical groups is characterized by a different mode of action inside the insect’s body, which determines if the insecticide will provide a fast knockdown effect or a long residual control effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the knockdown and residual control effects delivered by these groups of insecticides under field conditions and during two cropping seasons, both in isolated and combined use, determining the most efficient strategy for chemical management of stink bugs on soybean crops. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (250 g L-1) had the best knockdown effect, while the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (700 g kg-1) provided the longest residual control. The highest control efficacy was obtained with the combination of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam (106 + 141 g L-1), which resulted in 84.8% of stink bug control.

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VERIFYING STINK BUG AND COREID BUG INJURY TO PECAN KERNELS BY EXAMINING PECAN SHELLS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1071e ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1071e-1071 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I.E. Yates ◽

W.L. Tedders ◽

D. Sparks

Keyword(s):

Seed Coat ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Packing Material ◽

Fluorescent Dye ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Research Studies

Severe economic losses in pecan crop productivity result from phytophagous stink bugs and coreid bugs (Hemiptera) feeding on the kernel. Discriminating hemipteran damage from other late seasonal kernel disorders is often inconclusive. Two additional markers of hermipteran damage have been distinguished and can be used as unequivocal evidence of the feeding activity of these insects regardless of the source of the nuts. Staining pecan nuts with red fluorescent dye differentiates the microscopic hemipteran punctures from the natural markings on the shell. Additional confirmatory evidence can be obtained by recognition of the stylet sheaths connecting the packing material on the shell interior to the seed coat of the kernel. These anatomical evidences of hemipteran feeding should facilitate research studies to evaluate the role of hemipteran attack with late seasonal pecan kernel disorders.

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Assessment of a more conservative stink bug economic threshold for managing stink bugs in Brazilian soybean production

10.1603/ice.2016.105668 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Adeney de Freitas Bueno

Keyword(s):

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Economic Threshold ◽

Soybean Production

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Inhibitory Copulation Effect of Vibrational Rival Female Signals of Three Stink Bug Species as a Tool for Mating Disruption

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12020177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 177

Author(s):

Aline Moreira Dias ◽

Miguel Borges ◽

Maria Carolina Blassioli Moraes ◽

Matheus Lorran Figueira Coelho ◽

Andrej Čokl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pest Management ◽

Mating Behavior ◽

Mating Disruption ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Vibratory Communication ◽

Communication Signals ◽

Long Duration ◽

Bean Plants

Stink bugs are major pests in diverse crops around the world. Pest management strategies based on insect behavioral manipulation could help to develop biorational management strategies of stink bugs. Insect mating disruption using vibratory signals is an approach with high potential for pest management. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of conspecific female rival signals on the mating behavior and copulation of three stink bug species to establish their potential for mating disruption. Previously recorded female rival signals were played back to bean plants where pairs of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, and two green stink bugs, Chinavia ubica and Chinavia impicticornis were placed. Vibratory communication and mating behavior were recorded for each pair throughout the experimental time (20 min). Female rival signals show a disrupting effect on the reproductive behavior of three conspecific investigated stink bug species. This effect was more clearly expressed in E. heros and C. ubica than in C. impicticornis. The likelihood of copulating in pairs placed on control plants, without rival signals, increased 29.41 times in E. heros, 4.6 times in C. ubica and 1.71 times in C. impicticornis. However, in the last case, the effect of female rivalry signals in copulation was not significant. The effect of mating disruption of female rival signals of the three stink bug species may originate from the observed reduction in specific vibratory communication signals emitted, which influences the duet formation and further development of different phases of mating behavior. Our results suggest that female rival signals have potential for application in manipulation and disruption of mating behavior of stink bugs. Further work needs to focus on the effects of female rival signals used in long duration experiments and also their interactions with chemical communication of stink bugs.

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Separate and combined Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima metabolic volatiles are attractive to Drosophila suzukii in the laboratory and field

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79691-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. Jones ◽

M. T. Fountain ◽

C. S. Günther ◽

P. E. Eady ◽

M. R. Goddard

Keyword(s):

Yeast Species ◽

Field Trapping ◽

Field Trials ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Drosophila Suzukii ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Hanseniaspora Uvarum ◽

Metschnikowia Pulcherrima ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

Relative Attractiveness

AbstractDrosophila suzukii flies cause economic losses to fruit crops globally. Previous work shows various Drosophila species are attracted to volatile metabolites produced by individual fruit associated yeast isolates, but fruits naturally harbour a rich diversity of yeast species. Here, we report the relative attractiveness of D. suzukii to yeasts presented individually or in combinations using laboratory preference tests and field trapping data. Laboratory trials revealed four of 12 single yeast isolates were attractive to D. suzukii, of which Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Hanseniaspora uvarum were also attractive in field trials. Four out of 10 yeast combinations involving Candida zemplinina, Pichia pijperi, M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum were attractive in the laboratory. Whilst a combination of M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum trapped the greatest number of D. suzukii in the field, the efficacy of the M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum combination to trap D. suzukii was not significantly greater than traps primed with volatiles from only H. uvarum. While volatiles from isolates of M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum show promise as baits for D. suzukii, further research is needed to ascertain how and why flies are attracted to certain baits to optimise control efficacy.

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Minimizing Occupational Exposure to Pesticide and Increasing Control Efficacy of Pests by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application on Cowpea

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11209579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 9579

Author(s):

Xiaojing Yan ◽

Yangyang Zhou ◽

Xiaohui Liu ◽

Daibin Yang ◽

Huizhu Yuan

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Pesticide Exposure ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Control Effect ◽

Control Efficacy ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Field Control ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Ground Spraying

Pesticide operators are often exposed to high levels of contaminants, leading to potential adverse health impacts on these agricultural workers. In tropical regions, pesticide applicators are more vulnerable to dermal exposure than their counterparts in temperate regions. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop new spraying methods to minimize the pesticide exposure level without sacrificing the pest control efficiency. Due to their flexibility, high efficiency, and lower labor intensity, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have attracted considerable attention in precision pest management. However, the pesticide operator exposure assessment during the spraying application with UAVs, especially the comparison with conventional ground sprayers, has not been well investigated. In this work, the control effect against thrips on cowpea and operator exposure determination by aerial and ground spraying in Hainan Province were carried out and compared. When biopesticide spinetoram with the same dosage was applied, the field control efficacy against cowpea thrips sprayed by UAVs was higher than that of knapsack electric sprayers. Moreover, UAV spraying could greatly reduce water consumption and working time. For UAV spraying, when the amounts of water applied per hectare were 22.5, 30, and 37.5 L, the control effects on thrips on the first day were about 69.79%, 80.15%, and 80.58%, respectively. When Allura Red as a pesticide surrogate was applied under similar spraying scenarios with the field control against thrips on cowpea, the average total unit exposure of the knapsack operator (1952.02 mg/kg) was greatly higher than that of the UAV operator (134.51 mg/kg). The present research indicates that plant protection UAV is the direction of development of modern intensive sustainable agriculture.

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Pentatomids associated with blackberry

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542014000300005 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 256-261

Author(s):

Mauricio Paulo Batistella Pasini ◽

Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Nezara Viridula ◽

Brown Spot ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Dark Brown Spot ◽

Euschistus Heros ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Piezodorus Guildinii

Information concerning the presence of stink bugs in blackberry (Rubus spp.) in Brazil is sparse. This study aimed to identify the stink bug species associated with blackberry, to establish the daily dynamics and evaluate the fruits damage. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, in blackberry orchard. Presence and evaluations of stink bugs were done weekly through visual and sweeping samplings at different day times. Five species of pentatomids were identified: Piezodorus guildinii, Nezara viridula, Euschistus heros, Dichelops furcatus and Edessa meditabunda. The bugs attack the drupelets producing a dark brown spot and wrinkled berries.

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A morphological, biological and molecular approach reveals four cryptic species of Trissolcus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae), egg parasitoids of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera)

Journal of Hymenoptera Research ◽

10.3897/jhr.73.39052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 153-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Francesco Tortorici ◽

Elijah J. Talamas ◽

Silvia T. Moraglio ◽

Marco G. Pansa ◽

Maryam Asadi-Farfar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Egg Parasitoids ◽

Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Ecological Studies ◽

Key To Species ◽

Accurate Identification ◽

The Subject

Accurate identification of parasitoids is crucial for biological control of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomrpha halys (Stål). A recent work by Talamas et al. (2017) revised the Palearctic fauna of Trissolcus Ashmead, egg-parasitoids of stink bugs, and treated numerous species as junior synonyms of T. semistriatus (Nees von Esenbeck). In the present paper, we provide a detailed taxonomic history and treatment of T. semistriatus and the species treated as its synonyms by Talamas et al. (2017) based on examination of primary types, molecular analyses and mating experiments. Trissolcus semistriatus, T. belenus (Walker), T. colemani (Crawford), and T. manteroi (Kieffer) are here recognized as valid and a key to species is provided. The identification tools provided here will facilitate the use of Trissolcus wasps as biological control agents and as the subject of ecological studies.

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Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4850348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ronaldo Zantedeschi ◽

Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽

Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽

Flávio Amaral Bueno ◽

Larissa Longaray Machado

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Trissolcus Basalis ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Telenomus Podisi ◽

Laboratory Bioassays

ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

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Stink Bugs Nymph and Adult Biology and Adult Preference on Cultivated Crop Plants in the Southern Brazilian Neotropics

Environmental Entomology ◽

10.1093/ee/nvz142 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taynara Possebom ◽

Tiago Lucini ◽

Antônio Ricardo Panizzi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Stink Bugs ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Reproductive Structures ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Adult Preference

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted with Dichelops furcatus (F.), Euschistus heros (F.), and Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) aiming to evaluate nymph and adult biology and adult preference for immature reproductive structures of the cultivated plants, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae), and canola, Brassica napus L. var. oleifera (Brassicaceae). Considering the survivorship for D. furcatus nymphs, it was greater on soybean and wheat, for E. heros nymphs it was greater on soybean compared to canola and wheat, and for N. viridula nymphs the survivorship was greater on soybean and canola. Dichelops furcatus nymphs developed faster on soybean and wheat, and E. heros and N. viridula nymphs developed faster on soybean and canola. Body weight at adult emergency for D. furcatus was greater on soybean and wheat, and for E. heros and N. viridula, it was greater on soybean. Adult survivorship and longevity were similar on soybean/wheat/canola for D. furcatus and N. viridula, and greater on soybean for E. heros. Reproduction and weight gain of adults were greater on soybean and wheat for D. furcatus, and on soybean for E. heros; N. viridula reproduced only on soybean and tended to gain greater body weight in this food source. As expected, soybean considering its superior nutritional quality was, in general, the best food. These laboratory studies coupled with field observations allow to conclude that the sequence of soybean/wheat/canola crops in the area studied forms a ‘green bridge’ that favor stink bug populations abundance in southern Brazilian neotropics.

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Assemblage of the Egg Parasitoids of the Invasive Stink Bug Halyomorpha halys: Insights on Plant Host Associations

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11090588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Livia Zapponi ◽

Marie Claude Bon ◽

Jalal Melhem Fouani ◽

Gianfranco Anfora ◽

Silvia Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Mitochondrial Gene ◽

Strong Support ◽

Egg Parasitoids ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Halyomorpha Halys ◽

Stink Bug ◽

Plant Host ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Host Associations

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive alien species and a key agricultural pest. Its native parasitoids (Trissolcus japonicus Ashmead and Tr. mitsukurii Ashmead) have been registered in several countries where H. halys brought dramatic economic losses and where biological control is considered to be the most effective long-term solution. By searching for stink bug egg masses and exposing sentinel egg masses, we monitored the distribution of native and exotic egg parasitoids in Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), an area where both the host and parasitoids are in expansion. We recorded ten pentatomids, seven parasitoid species, with the first report of Tr. japonicus in this area and a hyperparasitoid. In the assemblage, Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy) and Tr. mitsukurii were the dominant parasitoids, with a different distribution in terms of context and host plants. Sycamore was the host plant where the highest number of naturally laid parasitized egg masses (26%) were recorded. Trissolcus mitsukurii showed the highest parasitism rate, and was often found in apple orchards. The emergence of exotic parasitoids showed a temporal delay compared to native ones. Sequence analysis of 823 bp of the CO1 mitochondrial gene revealed that the recovered Tr. japonicus and Tr. mitsukurii harbored one single haplotype each. These haplotypes were previously found in 2018 in Northern Italy. While sentinel egg masses proved to be very effective in tracking the arrival of exotic Trissolcus species, the collection of stink bug egg masses provided fundamental data on the plant host species. The results lend strong support to the adaptation of exotic Trissolcus species to the environmental conditions of the range of introduction, providing new information on plant host-associations, fundamental for the development of biological control programs.

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