scholarly journals The System of Land Ownership and Its Effect on Agricultural Production: The Case of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Inez Naaki Vanderpuye ◽  
Samuel Antwi Darkwah ◽  
Iva Živělová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Land Inheritance

Most African continents have pressing issues on individual rights to property and natural resources, given the relatively poor economic conditions and the belief of personal ownership to a property right (Joireman, 2008). Ghana, like many African countries like Mozambique and Uganda, have laws to the right of property that is the traditional system of land rights. Most of the African countries depend on the large share of natural capital from the natural resources for the economic growth of the country. Some emerging economies can have sustained economic growth due to their reliance on natural resources such as oil and gas. This paper investigates property rights, land ownership, and land inheritance and their effect on agricultural production in Ghana. To undertake this research, a sample of 35 respondents were analysed using the SPSS software. The analysis was based on characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level of the respondents. The research results indicate that men inherit more than women, and family ownership is the most popular type of land inheritance in Ghana. Also, people with a lower level of education are likely to inherit the land and own land. Finally, the patrilineal system is the most popular system of inheritance in Ghana.

scholarly journals ARBITRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY IN BRAZIL: A STUDY BASED ON ‘LULA CASE’

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-264
Author(s):  
Carolina Barreira Lins
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Right

This work examines the subject of jurisdiction and arbitrability of issues related to energy and natural resources in the world, in order to enhance the arbitration institute in Brazil. The study is based on a recent case pending in Brazilian courts, named “Lula case”, which refer to a dispute between the State and concessionaires that grant the right to explore and produce oil and gas in a determined area. The presence of arbitration clauses in the concession contracts for exploration and production of oil and gas in Brazil raises questions related to the disposability of the rights concerned. It is paramount to set benchmarks on arbitral tribunals’ power to decide on these matters and to define to what extent arbitral awards may defy public policy, national sovereignty over natural resources and national courts’ jurisdiction to render decisions in this regard. Otherwise, the randomness of judicial decisions makes the arbitration clause ineffective. Moreover, the Lula case arises substantive issues related to the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry, since acts arguably connect to the State policy power may cause damages to the private parties. The work critically examines the decision given by national courts so far and proposes an international approach to face situations involving the State and the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry.

scholarly journals THE MOTIVATIONAL EFFECT OF OIL EXPLORATION IN SOMALI AND THE HABITUAL AFRICAN RESOURCE CURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahad Mohamed Sheik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Motivational Effect

Purpose: The abundance of natural resources is usually considered the blessing for the countries that own such resources. However, such wealth is often associated with poverty and a slower economic growth. This phenomenon is called the resource curse, and it shows that most countries that are rich in natural resources have markedly reduced economic growth and development, and it shows that the wealth of natural resources adversely affects their economies, although it is intuitively expected to be the opposite i.e. that such wealth would have a positive impact on the country’s economic development. The general objective of the study was to find out the motivational effect of oil exploration in Somali and the habitual African resource curse. Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. Findings: The study found out that Oil resource exploration has led to progress in some developed economies such as Canada which was able to avoid the resource curse. This is because oil revenues helped Canada among other countries make investments in capital, build employment and grow. Other countries such as Russia and Japan have not been able to avoid the resource curse. African countries in general where the majority of oil producing nations are, have an inverse correlation between oil production and industrial development. Examples of African countries that have been affected by the resource curse are Nigeria, Angola, South Africa and Zimbabwe. Empirical results indicate that, Somalia motivation for oil exploration is for economic development. However, it has not been spared the resource curse because the presence of oil has led to civil wars and terrorisms as groups seek to control the areas with oil fields. In addition, Somali and Kenya have involved diplomatic warfare over oil reserves that are located in the Indian Ocean near their borders. Recommendations: The study recommends that the government should enact laws which will govern petroleum operations, as well as empowering the Somali Petroleum Authority,(SPA) which will act as a regulatory body overseeing oil and gas activity.

scholarly journals ARBITRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY IN BRAZIL: A STUDY BASED ON ‘LULA CASE’

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 223-264
Author(s):  
Carolina Barreira Lins
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
The Right

This work examines the subject of jurisdiction and arbitrability of issues related to energy and natural resources in the world, in order to enhance the arbitration institute in Brazil. The study is based on a recent case pending in Brazilian courts, named “Lula case”, which refer to a dispute between the State and concessionaires that grant the right to explore and produce oil and gas in a determined area. The presence of arbitration clauses in the concession contracts for exploration and production of oil and gas in Brazil raises questions related to the disposability of the rights concerned. It is paramount to set benchmarks on arbitral tribunals’ power to decide on these matters and to define to what extent arbitral awards may defy public policy, national sovereignty over natural resources and national courts’ jurisdiction to render decisions in this regard. Otherwise, the randomness of judicial decisions makes the arbitration clause ineffective. Moreover, the Lula case arises substantive issues related to the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry, since acts arguably connect to the State policy power may cause damages to the private parties. The work critically examines the decision given by national courts so far and proposes an international approach to face situations involving the State and the necessity to protect investors in the oil and gas industry.

Multinational Enterprises and African Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Edet E. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Labor Potential

Africa's economy, an emerging economy is gradually being re-positioned in the global economy as a focus of investment. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have helped to shape the economy of Africa. An overview of Africa's economy was examined; top 20 Africa's largest economies were highlighted; major sectors perceived as paths to growth of Africa's economy were examined – Agriculture, Banking, Consumer goods, infrastructure, mining, oil and gas, and telecommunications. The chapter also enunciated the concept, ‘diversified economy' in relation to oil exporters, the transition economies and the pre-transition economies. It is therefore concluded that Multinational Enterprises will continue to contribute to the growth of Africa's economy, especially as more indigenous enterprises are being launched by African countries. It is therefore recommended that African countries should continue to diversify her economy to take advantage of large labor potential and natural resources endowment.

scholarly journals Natural Resources and the Economic Growth of West Africa Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Michael Asiedu ◽  
Ebenezer Nana Yeboah ◽  
David Owusu Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Correction Term ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

In this study, we employed the pooled mean group (PMG) regression to examine the effect of natural resources economic rent (coal rent, gas rent, oil rent, forest rent, minerals rent) and foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in West Africa for the period 1996 to 2017. We found strong evidence of a positive relationship between FDI, total natural resources (TNR), total natural gas (TNG), and economic growth in the long-run. However, the study recorded a negative relationship between mineral resources rent, oil rent and gas rent, and economic growth in the long run. The rent from coal also exhibited neutrality on economic growth. While all the short-run coefficients are not statistically significant, the error correction term (ECT) is significant and a negative value of -0.889, signifying cointegration at a 1% significance level. This also implies that the short-run estimates converge towards the long-run estimates to achieve equilibrium at the speed of 89% per annum. Our findings highlight the significance of FDI and total rent from natural resources in stimulating West African economies' growth in the industrialization drive and general welfare. In contrast, this study also highlights the need for policy direction to redesign and realign ownership in the oil and gas sector from multinational co-operations (MNCs) to the locals and the domestic economy to benefit directly from the prevailing environment.

scholarly journals Organizational and territorial justification for implementation of restrictions on property rights to land plots in various fields of activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
N. V. Karpova ◽  
◽  
E. A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Urban Economy ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Legal Justification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Reform ◽  
Property Complex

In the context of land ownership reform, the formation of different ownership, individual approaches to the use of natural resources and the property complex has become a priority. At the same time, in all cases, the function of determining ownership is of particular importance and it plays an important role in the formation of effective land and property relations in the urban economy and in other areas of activity. This article discusses the political and legal justification for the introduction of restrictions on the right of land ownership, including the establishment of easements, public easements, zones with special conditions for the seizure of territories, the seizure of lands for state and municipal needs.

scholarly journals Innovative Approach to Evaluation of the Decoupling Phenomena in Making Decision on Investment of Agro-Business

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3C) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators

The author's suggestions for improving the method of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of state environmental policy of the country by supplementing the list of common environmental performance indicators, indicators of the decoupling phenomenon, which are based on indicators of economic growth in both the country as a whole and individual industries are presented in the article. Implementation of these proposals in practice will ensure that the government makes clear and prudent decisions about increasing agricultural production, saving the environment and using natural resources to meet the modern needs of mankind and the interests of future generations in food security, safety and health.

Evolution of shared land ownership in agriculture of modern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 726-734
Author(s):  
G.A. Polunin ◽  
V.V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Authorized Capital

The article provides a brief analysis of the content and results of the implementation of models for organizing agricultural production during the land reform in Russia in the 80-90s. The article contains the main stages of land reform, confirmed by legislative and regulatory legal acts of the state. It has been established that shared land ownership in agriculture has a number of specific economic functions: quasi-property, goods, capital and property. The studies demonstrated that the allocation of land shares and their transformation into land plots is a condition for the implementation of the production function of quasi-ownership of land shares. For this reason, land shares, including unclaimed ones, not allocated to land plots, should not be classified as full-fledged private land ownership. When equity ownership is included into the authorized capital of an economic entity, and the agreement on the transfer of rights with the legal successor is not assigned, the right holder loses all rights to the transferred land shares. The existence of such an agreement does not guarantee that the right holder will receive any payments for the use of such property by the legal successor. Individuals who invested land shares in the authorized capital of an economic entity did not have any economic benefit from the reform, and those who converted land shares into a land plot received land property, the price of which has risen in dozen times since the beginning of the land reform.

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