Multinational Enterprises and African Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Edet E. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Labor Potential

Africa's economy, an emerging economy is gradually being re-positioned in the global economy as a focus of investment. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have helped to shape the economy of Africa. An overview of Africa's economy was examined; top 20 Africa's largest economies were highlighted; major sectors perceived as paths to growth of Africa's economy were examined – Agriculture, Banking, Consumer goods, infrastructure, mining, oil and gas, and telecommunications. The chapter also enunciated the concept, ‘diversified economy' in relation to oil exporters, the transition economies and the pre-transition economies. It is therefore concluded that Multinational Enterprises will continue to contribute to the growth of Africa's economy, especially as more indigenous enterprises are being launched by African countries. It is therefore recommended that African countries should continue to diversify her economy to take advantage of large labor potential and natural resources endowment.

Multinational Enterprises and African Economy

2016 ◽  
pp. 351-381
Author(s):  
Edet E. Okon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Labor Potential

Africa's economy, an emerging economy is gradually being re-positioned in the global economy as a focus of investment. Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have helped to shape the economy of Africa. An overview of Africa's economy was examined; top 20 Africa's largest economies were highlighted; major sectors perceived as paths to growth of Africa's economy were examined – Agriculture, Banking, Consumer goods, infrastructure, mining, oil and gas, and telecommunications. The chapter also enunciated the concept, ‘diversified economy' in relation to oil exporters, the transition economies and the pre-transition economies. It is therefore concluded that Multinational Enterprises will continue to contribute to the growth of Africa's economy, especially as more indigenous enterprises are being launched by African countries. It is therefore recommended that African countries should continue to diversify her economy to take advantage of large labor potential and natural resources endowment.

scholarly journals The System of Land Ownership and Its Effect on Agricultural Production: The Case of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Inez Naaki Vanderpuye ◽  
Samuel Antwi Darkwah ◽  
Iva Živělová
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Land Inheritance

Most African continents have pressing issues on individual rights to property and natural resources, given the relatively poor economic conditions and the belief of personal ownership to a property right (Joireman, 2008). Ghana, like many African countries like Mozambique and Uganda, have laws to the right of property that is the traditional system of land rights. Most of the African countries depend on the large share of natural capital from the natural resources for the economic growth of the country. Some emerging economies can have sustained economic growth due to their reliance on natural resources such as oil and gas. This paper investigates property rights, land ownership, and land inheritance and their effect on agricultural production in Ghana. To undertake this research, a sample of 35 respondents were analysed using the SPSS software. The analysis was based on characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level of the respondents. The research results indicate that men inherit more than women, and family ownership is the most popular type of land inheritance in Ghana. Also, people with a lower level of education are likely to inherit the land and own land. Finally, the patrilineal system is the most popular system of inheritance in Ghana.

Choices for Spending Government Revenue

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Witter ◽  
Maja Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Framework ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Social Sectors

This chapter examines a broad range of opportunities for addressing the pressing human development needs of low-income countries by using new oil, gas, and mineral discoveries. It assesses how much of an impact can be made on the funding gaps for health and education by new oil and gas revenues, and what other uses of those revenues are likely to arise. The chapter argues that there is a strong case for investing natural resources revenues in social sectors, as they provide an opportunity to help to close the financing gaps in the African countries examined. However, the chapter also highlights that the political economy risks of this revenue stream are higher than for other types of revenues. Finally, it illustrates how a simple diagnostic framework can be used to help to guide social-sector investment decisions in the light of new natural resources revenues.

The Central Asian Economies in the Twenty-First Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pomfret
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
External Powers

This book analyzes the Central Asian economies of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, from their buffeting by the commodity boom of the early 2000s to its collapse in 2014. The book examines the countries' relations with external powers and the possibilities for development offered by infrastructure projects as well as rail links between China and Europe. The transition of these nations from centrally planned to market-based economic systems was essentially complete by the early 2000s, when the region experienced a massive increase in world prices for energy and mineral exports. This raised incomes in the main oil and gas exporters, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan; brought more benefits to the most populous country, Uzbekistan; and left the poorest countries, the Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan, dependent on remittances from migrant workers in oil-rich Russia and Kazakhstan. The book considers the enhanced role of the Central Asian nations in the global economy and their varied ties to China, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. With improved infrastructure and connectivity between China and Europe (reflected in regular rail freight services since 2011 and China's announcement of its Belt and Road Initiative in 2013), relaxation of UN sanctions against Iran in 2016, and the change in Uzbekistan's presidency in late 2016, a window of opportunity appears to have opened for Central Asian countries to achieve more sustainable economic futures.

Die Spur des Stoffs. Ermittlungsrausch in Friedrich Glausers Die Fieberkurve

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89
Author(s):  
Mareike Schildmann
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article traces some of the fundamental poetological changes that the traditional crime novel undergoes in the work of the Swiss author Friedrich Glauser at the beginning of the 20th century. The rational-analytical, conservative approach of the criminal novel in the 19th century implied – according to Luc Boltanski – the separation of an epistemologically structured, institutionalized order of “reality” and a chaotic, unruly, unformatted “world” – a separation that is questioned, but reestablished in the dramaturgy of crime and its resolution. By shifting the attention from the logical structure of ‘whodunnit’ to the sensual material culture and “atmosphere” that surrounds actions and people, Glauser’s novels blur these epistemological and ontological boundaries. The article shows how in Die Fieberkurve, the second novel of Glauser’s famous Wachtmeister Studer-series, material and sensual substances develop a specific, powerful dynamic that dissipates, complicates, crosslinks, and confuses the objects and acts of investigation as well as its narration. The material spoors, dust, fibers, fingerprints, intoxicants and natural resources like oil and gas – which lead the investigation from Switzerland to North Africa – trigger a new sensual mode of perception and reception that replaces the reassuring criminological ideal of solution by the logic of “dissolution”. The novel thereby demonstrates the poetic impact of the slogan of modernity: matter matters.

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

Financing Energy Access in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kayode Oniemola ◽  
Jane Ezirigwe
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Diesel Motors

To achieve universal energy access will attract huge capital investments. If sub-Saharan Africa is to realize anything close to the ambitious goals set for its energy access, then new actors, innovative funding mechanisms and sustainable technologies will have to be attracted. Finance is needed for activities such as rural electrification, clean cooking facilities, diesel motors and generators, other renewable energy technologies, oil and gas infrastructures, etc. Finance is also needed in research and development of suitable technologies and funding options as well as investment in the capacity to formulate and implement sound energy policies. This chapter examines the varied financing options for energy access in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with appropriate laws in place and effective mechanism for implementation, African countries can significantly engage private sector financing, international financial institutions and foreign donors. The role of the law here will be in creating an enabling environment for financing.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Implications of Governance, Natural Resources, and Security Threats on Economic Development: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Husam Rjoub ◽  
Chuka Uzoma Ifediora ◽  
Jamiu Adetola Odugbesan ◽  
Benneth Chiemelie Iloka ◽  
João Xavier Rita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sub-Saharan African countries are known to be bedeviled with some challenges hindering the economic development. Meanwhile, some of these issues have not been exhaustively investigated in the context of the region. Thus, this study aimed at investigating the implications of government effectiveness, availability of natural resources, and security threats on the regions’ economic development. Yearly data, spanning from 2007 to 2020, was converted from low frequency (yearly) to high frequency (quarterly) and utilized. Data analysis was conducted using Dynamic heterogeneous panel level estimators (PMG and CS-ARDL). Findings show that while PMG estimator confirms a long-run causal effect of governance, natural resources, and security threats on economic development, only natural resources show a short-run causal effect with economic development, while the CS-ARDL (model 2) confirms the significance of all the variables both in the long and short-run. Moreover, the ECT coefficients for both models were found to be statistically significant at less than 1% significance level, which indicates that the systems return back to equilibrium in case of a shock that causes disequilibrium, and in addition, reveals a stable long-run cointegration among the variables in the model. Finally, this study suggests that the policy makers in SSA countries should place more emphasis on improving governance, managing security challenges, and effectively utilizing rents from the natural resources, as all these have severe implications for the economic development of the region if not addressed.

scholarly journals Improving Relations between a State and a Business Enterprise in the Context of Counteracting Adverse Effects of the Resource Curse

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Marek Szturo ◽  
Bogdan Włodarczyk ◽  
Alberto Burchi ◽  
Ireneusz Miciuła ◽  
Karolina Szturo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Strategic Resources ◽  
Key Resources

Natural resources play a significant role in the development of the global economy. This refers, in particular, to strategic fuel and mineral resources. Due to the limited supply of natural resources and the lack of substitutes for most of the key resources in the world, the competition for the access to strategic resources is a feature of the global economy. It would seem that the countries which are rich in resources, because of this huge demand, enjoy spectacular economic prosperity. However, the results of empirical studies have demonstrated what is known as the ‘resource curse’. This article concentrates on the characteristics of the paradox of plenty, and in particular on the possibilities of preventing this phenomenon. The aim of this article is to identify the measures of economic policy with which to counteract the resource curse, based on the relationship between the state and the extraction business. Upon the critical analysis of the relevant literature, we concluded that the state’s economic policy, implemented in cooperation with the extraction business, is increasingly important for the prevention of the resource curse. In the context of the resource curse, the optimal and most consensual instrument, in comparison with other resource sharing agreements, is a production sharing agreement (PSA), which should also be adjusted to the current local economic conditions in a given country.

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