scholarly journals Phytosanitary Quality of Genotypes of Wheat Seeds Used Northern Paraná State

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Dalbelo Puia ◽  
Leandro Camargo Borsato ◽  
Marilize Cristina Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Adriano Thibes Hoshino ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat seeds can be infested and/or infected by microorganisms that might cause deterioration of this propagation structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health quality of sixteen wheat genotypes grown in northern Paraná. Therefore, seeds of each genotype were submitted to the blotter test with 16 repetitions, 400 seeds per sample, for phytosanitary quality evaluation. The identification of the fungi was performed based on their morphological characteristics and quantified data. The results revealed variations in incidence, with 20 fungi genera in the analyzed samples. The fungi Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Bipolaris sp. were found in 100% of the analyzed samples, while Mucor sp. and Alternaria sp. were in 89% and 78% of the samples, respectively. The main pathogens that cause diseases in the aerial part of wheat were not found, or were low incidence in all materials analyzed. The pathogens with the highest incidence associated with wheat seeds were groups of storage fungi and known to produce mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Trigona sp. COMO VISITANTE FLORAL E VETOR DE ESPOROS FÚNGICOS PARA GOIABEIRA (Psidium guajava L. – MYRTACEAE)

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (55) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Makowiecky Stuart ◽  
Carolina Lamas ◽  
Ida Chapaval Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Mycelia Sterilia

Este trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a ação de Trigona sp. como visitante floral e vetor de esporos fúngicos para goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). As observações foram feitas entre dezembro de 2003 e fevereiro de 2004 em flores de goiabeiras do Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foi verificado que três gêneros de abelhas estavam visitando as flores de goiaba: Apis melifera, Bombus sp. e Trigona sp.. Entretanto, Trigona demonstrou ser mais freqüente que as outras durante as observações. A freqüência de visitas de Trigona foi maior durante o início da manhã, decrescendo ao longo do dia. A avaliação dos fungos associados a Trigona demonstrou a presença de 11 gêneros distintos: Acremonium sp., Altenaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fonsecaea sp., Fusarium sp., Mycelia sterilia, Penicillium sp., Phoma sp. e Rhizopus sp.. 48 % destes representam fitopatógenos potenciais como Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp. e Phoma sp.. Estes dados demonstram que o gênero Trigona pode atuar na disseminação de doenças para diversas culturas, funcionando como vetor de esporos fúngicos para outras plantas.

scholarly journals Hygienic Quality of Indian Sweet Milk Products from Different Sources

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Karthikeyan ◽  
B Dhanakakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Different Sources

Seventy samples of milk sweets including 30 samples of khoa, 10 samples of burfi, 10 samples of gulabjamun, 10 samples of kalakand and 10 samples of peda from local vendors, private manufacturers and organized dairies in and around Chennai, India were collected. The milk products were examined for microbial quality that includes enumeration of total viable bacteria, coliforms, phychrotrops, aerobic spore farmers, yeast and mould and isolation, identification of mould species were carried out. The results revealed that the bacterial count, yeast and mould count of local vendor’s samples were significantly (P<0.01) higher when compared to private manufacturers and organized dairies except psychrotrophic count in local and private vendor’s samples were identical. The total percentage of occurrence of Aspergillus sp. isolated from khoa samples was found to be the highest (63.08 per cent) followed by Penicillium sp. (17.38 per cent), Rhizopus sp. (10.86 per cent), Fusarium sp. (4.34 per cent) and Mucor sp (4.34 per cent). However, the total percentage of occurrence of Aspergillus sp isolated from khoa based milk sweet samples was also found to be the highest (70.90 per cent) followed by Penicillium sp. (15.11 per cent), Rhizopus sp. (9.30 per cent), Mucor sp. (3.48 per cent) and Fusarium sp. (1.16 per cent). The present study concluded that the khoa, khoa based sweets produced by the local vendors were inferior in quality as compared private and organized dairies. Key words: Khoa; milk sweets; bacteriological count; yeast and mould; different sourcesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v27i2.9168 BJM 2010; 27(2): 32-37

scholarly journals Occurrence and Diversity of Soil Microflora in Potato Fields of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
M. A. Nitu ◽  
M. Rahaman ◽  
F. M. Aminuzzaman ◽  
N. Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Bacterium Species ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Soil Dilution ◽  
Made In

Microflora from potato rhizosphere soil was isolated from different potato fields of Bangladesh. Seventeen soil samples were analyzed for the presence of microflora in selected potato field soils. Seven fungal species and one bacterium species were morphologically characterized using soil dilution and streak plate methods. The predominant fungi isolated including Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Bipolaris sp., Phytophthora sp., Fusarium sp. and one bacterium was identified as Ralstonia solanacearum. Individual colonies of fungi and bacteria were counted on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), V8 juice Agar and their presence in soil was compared in respect of different locations of potato fields. The occurrence of Phytophthora sp. was medium in Tongibari and lower in Singair Union, Sonargaon, Matlab Dakshin, Gobindaganj, Palashbari, Gopinathpur and Bagmara. The highest counts of R. solanacearum were found in Singair Union, Tongibari and Daudkandi and the lowest counts were made in Palashbari and Bagmara. This was the first reported examination of the microbial diversity of soil microflora in some selected potato fields of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Associação de Fungos com Sementes de Espécies Florestais Nativas

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lídia Moura do Carmo ◽  
Edson José Mazaratto ◽  
Bárbara Eckstein ◽  
Álvaro Figueredo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

RESUMO No Brasil, ainda há poucas pesquisas sobre os microrganismos associados às sementes florestais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi detectar fungos associados às sementes de seis espécies florestais nativas: açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), araçá amarelo (Psidium cattleyanum), corticeira (Erythrina falcata), rabo-de-bugio (Lonchocarpus sp.), vassoura-vermelha (Dodonea viscosa) e pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha). Foram identificados oito gêneros de fungos potencialmente patogênicos: Cladosporyum sp., Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phomopsis sp., Coletotrichum sp., Alternaria sp., Phoma sp. e Botrytis sp. e fungos saprófitas: Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Epicoccum sp., Torula sp., Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Chaetomium sp. e Trichothecium sp. Os resultados evidenciam a diversidade de fungos associados às sementes florestais nativas, incluindo vários potencialmente fitopatogênicos.

scholarly journals Germinação, qualidade sanitária e armazenamento de sementes de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Martinelli Seneme ◽  
Edilberto Possamai ◽  
Silvelena Vanzolini ◽  
Cibele Chalita Martins
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de métodos de superação de dormência e do ambiente de armazenamento sobre a qualidade fisiológica e fitopatológica das sementes de canafístula (Peltophorum dubium). As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos de superação de dormência: escarificação com lixa (200); imersão em água na temperatura ambiente, durante 24 e 72 h; imersão em ácido sulfúrico por 2, 6, 10, 15, 20 e 30 min; imersão em água quente (70, 80 e 90 C); e umedecimento do substrato com solução de KNO3 (0,2%). As sementes foram armazenadas na temperatura ambiente e a 10 C por 210 dias. Os efeitos dos tratamentos e do armazenamento foram avaliados por meio do teor de água, teste de germinação (cinco repetições de 30 sementes), de comprimento de plântulas e sanidade (400 sementes), com incubação por oito dias (22-25 C). Na análise estatística dos dados, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 14 (condições de armazenamento x tratamentos para a superação da dormência). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P>0,5). Com relação às sementes não armazenadas, os melhores tratamentos para superar a dormência e promover a germinação foram escarificação com lixa ou ácido sulfúrico por 15 a 30 min; quanto às sementes armazenadas, houve a imersão em água quente (70 a 80 ºC). Os fungos detectados nas sementes foram Pestalotia sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizopus sp., Nigrospora sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp. e Fusarium semitectum.

scholarly journals Effect of chemical treatment on the physiological and sanitary quality of stored coffee seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Carvalho Penido ◽  
Vitor Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Vinícios de Carvalho ◽  
Levi Suzigan Krepischi ◽  
Cristiane Carvalho Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Storage Fungi ◽  
Seed Health ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Abstract: Maintaining the health of coffee seeds is especially important during storage, as soil fungi and storage fungi can considerably reduce seed quality. Thus, chemical treatments for protection of seeds in storage becomes important in agricultural production. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of these treatments on seedling development and the protection they provide against storage fungi, aiming at seed longevity and preventing rapid deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment on the physiological and sanitary quality of stored coffee seeds. Seeds of five Coffea arabica cultivars were pre-dried, treated with Vitavax®-Thiram, and placed in cold storage at 10 °C for nine months. Seed physiological quality was evaluated every three months by the germination test and by determination of root emergence percentage, seedlings with expanded cotyledonary leaves, and seedling dry matter. Seed health quality was assessed by the health test. The chemical treatment with Vitavax-Thiram does not affect the physiological quality of stored Coffea arabica seeds. Seed treatment before storage is effective in reducing the inoculum potential of Fusarium spp. and Phoma spp. in coffee seeds.

scholarly journals Sanitary and Physiological Quality of Soybean Seeds Treated With Ozone

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor O. Rodrigues ◽  
Amanda C. Penido ◽  
Diego de S. Pereira ◽  
Ariadne M. S. Oliveira ◽  
Alan Eduardo S. Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Gas Efficiency

Widely used, the seeds chemical treatment can cause physiological quality loss due to phytotoxicity that the active principles may cause. In this context, the ozone gas stands out (O3) as efficient agent biocide, however its use in the pathogens control and their effects on the seeds physiological quality are still little studied. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the ozone gas efficiency as a controller agent of plant pathogens and its effect on the physiological quality of soybean seeds. For this, seeds of two soybean cultivars were treated with ozone gas in two concentrations (15 and 25 g/m&sup3;) and in five exposure times (0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes). After the treatments, the seeds quality was evaluated by tests of sanity, tetrazolium, first germination count, germination percentage, initial stand, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging and enzymatic activity. Six pathogens were found in seeds of soybeans evaluated, namely: Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora kikuchi and Alternaria sp. It was concluded that the sanitary treatment with ozone gas reduces the incidence of these fungi and does not compromise the physiological quality of soybean seeds.

scholarly journals Health and transmission of fungi associated with seeds of Luehea divaricata

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexsandra Cezimbra Quevedo ◽  
Marlove Fatima Brião Muniz ◽  
Clair Walker ◽  
Mateus Alves Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Health Test ◽  
Transmission Test

Research related to the pathology of seeds of native forest species, açoita-cavalo (Luehea divaricata), is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of whipshorse seeds and the possible transmission of fungi associated with the seeds to the seedlings, in lots from Santa Maria - RS. Were 100 seeds used, divided into four repetitions of 25 per lot (2016 and 2018) and test. The health test was carried out in which the seeds without asepsis were placed in “gerbox” boxes with filter paper substrate at a temperature of 25 °C, with a photoperiod of 12 h for seven days. The germination test and the fungi transmission test seeds were conducted in a germination room at a temperature of 25 ºC, and a photoperiod of 12 h. Only the seeds used in the germination test underwent asepsis. The evaluations of the two tests consisted of the First Germination Count (at 14 days) and the count in the number of normal, abnormal seedlings, and non-germinated seeds (at 28 days). In the health test, fungi were identified and quantified: Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp., Pestalotia sp. and Epicoccum sp. The Fusarium genus was identified associated with the symptoms of browning and rotting in seedling roots in the transmission test. The sample from 2018 showed greater vigor, reaching 21% at 14 days, not different from the lot of 2016 that reached 10%. The lot of 2018 presented the best results concerning health, vigor, and germination.

scholarly journals Isolation frequency of medically important fungi and fluconazole resistant of Candida sp from hospital cockroaches.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doreen Anna Mloka ◽  
George M Bwire ◽  
Kenndy Mwambete
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Abstract BackgroundCockroaches are common pests in homes and hospitals. They are known to cause allergic reactions in certain individuals and have found to be potential vectors for various bacterial and parasitic pathogens. This study assessed the potential of hospital cockroaches to act as vectors of medically important fungal pathogens on their external surfaces.MethodsCockroaches were captured from the main Intensive care unit (ICU), burn unit, adult surgical wards , pediatric oncology wards, intern hostel kitchen and the central kitchen of a national referral teaching hospital in Tanzania. Normal saline washings from the external surface of cockroaches were cultured on standard mycological media to facilitate isolation and identification of medically important molds and yeasts. Susceptibility of Candida sp isolates to fluconazole was tested using the CLSI M27-A3 microdilution method.ResultsAt total of 72 cockroaches were captured from various sites of the hospital between February and March 2015. All cockroaches captured were shown to carry medically importance fungi. A total of 956 medically important fungi were isolated, 57.9 % were Candida sp., 23.2%, Aspergillus sp. , 3.1% Cladosporium sp., 1.8% Rhizopus sp., 1.2 % Geotrichum sp., 0.9 % Pencillum sp. , 0.7% Alternaria sp, 0.6 % Fusarium sp , 0.3% Mucor sp and 10.1% others. Aspergillus fumigatus (50.0%) was the most commonly isolated followed by Aspergillus niger ( 15.8%) among the Aspergillus isolates.Over 16.3 % of the Candida isolates not intrinsically resistant to fluconazole showed resistance to this drug.mResistance was most frequently found in Candidapseudotropicalis (23.8%) and Candida glabarata (20.0%) and least in isolates of Candida albicans ( 6.3%). ConclusionThe external surfaces of cockroaches from this hospital may act as reservoirs of medically important opportunistic fungi exhibiting resistance to fluconazole.

scholarly journals Production of Exopolysaccharide from Local Fungal Isolate

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Jabbar Al-Manhel
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Exopolysaccharide Production ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The study investigated in isolation of 26 fungal isolates belonging to 6 different genera viz., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. , Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., , Rhizopus sp. and Phoma sp. Were screened for exopolysaccharide production. Glucose in culture media was studied to select the medium that gives a maximum production of exopolysaccharide by Penicillium sp., Exopolysaccharide was isolated by ethanol precipitation. The medium which contains glucose had been selected to get the heights production of exopolysaccharide . Fermentation conditions were further investigated to optimize exopolysaccharide production by Penicillium sp. , The optimum substitution ratio, temperatures, pH and incubation periods for the maximum production of the polysaccharide were 100% , 30 ˚C , pH 5 and 9 days respectively. Characteristic of exopolysaccharide compounds were observed in the FTIR spectrum. Thin layer chromatography of the hydrolyzed polysaccharide showed that the exopolysaccharide production was heteropolysaccharide consists of galactose, glucose and mannose.

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