scholarly journals Monitoring of Mycotoxins in Feed for Goats and Their Residues in Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tatiana Emy de Freitas ◽  
Joana D’arc Felicio ◽  
Daniela Pontes Chiebao ◽  
Roberto Carlos Felicio ◽  
Edlayne Gonçalez
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Feed Samples

<p>Aflatoxins are mainly produced by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>A. parasiticus</em>, whereas <em>A. flavus</em>, under different conditions, also can produce cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Several studies on mycotoxins in feed and cow milk have been reported, but the investigation of the co-occurrence of aflatoxins and CPA in feed and goat milk is an unprecedent study in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid in diets intended for dairy goats and their residues in milk in 10 familiar properties of Southwestern Sao Paulo region, totalizing 128 samples of feed and 120 samples of milk. Aflatoxins have been extracted and purified in an immunoaffinity column specific for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The analyses for detection and quantification of toxins were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. From the analyses of the feeds, 2.34% of these were contaminated with aflatoxin at levels ranging from: 3.65 to 36.93 ug/kg for AFB1; 0.35 to 2.46 ug/kg for AFB2; trace to 46.06 ug/ kg for AFG1 and 0.61 to 1.65 ug/ kg for AFG2. One sample showed a concentration of 87.1 ug/kg, above that allowed by Brazilian law. Concerning CPA, 3.12% of the feed samples were positive for it at concentrations ranging from trace to 1.90 ug/kg. AFM1 and CPA were not detected in the milk samples. The results demonstrate that low contamination by mycotoxins in feeds and the absence of AFM1 and CPA in milk indicate best practices in the management and storage of these feeds.</p>

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN RAW MILK PRODUCE AT YOBE STATE UNIVERSITY FARM DAMATURU, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
S. Gide ◽  
B. Muhammed ◽  
G. H. Galal ◽  
A. A. Iliyah ◽  
I. M. Mabu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
State University ◽  
Analytical Strategy ◽  
Mean Convergence ◽  
Sheep Milk

The study was carried out to determine the contamination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in samples (n=66) of raw milk, from three distinctive animal species (cow, n = 30; goat, n = 20; sheep, n = 16) at Yobe State University farm Damaturu in 2018. The analytical strategy utilized was high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Immunoaffinity columns were used to achieve clean–up step during HPLC and fluorometric determination. The outcomes demonstrated that 36 (54.54%) samples out of the 66 samples are debased with AFM1. The sullying rates of AFM1 in dairy animals, goat milk and sheep milk were 80.0%, 25.0% and 46.75% respectively. The mean concentration for the cow, goat and sheep milk was  0.1333µg/l, 0.0462µg/l and 0.0519µg/l respectively. The general mean convergence of AFM1 levels for positive samples from the three distinctive species was 0.0727 µg/l and there was no huge contrast (p = 0.3624) in fixation levels between the three species. The estimated intake (EDI) of AFM1 from consumption of cow milk products by teachers and the students was 0.00158g/kg b.w/day based on one-day recall methods, while hazard index was recorded to be 1.58 x10-4. The high levels of AFM1 concentration recorded in this study is an indication of contamination by the fungus during storage of feeds, this may have negative effects on the human and animal’s health since it’s proven to be carcinogenic, causes growth impairment and immune suppression. Measures should be enforced on the storage of feeds which will consequently decrease the odds of aflatoxin in milk of 

scholarly journals Aflatoxin M1 Determination in Traditional Küp Cheese Samples of Turkey Using Immunoaffinity Column and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın Koluaçık ◽  
Göksel Tırpancı Sivri ◽  
Binnur Kaptan
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Tolerance

Mycotoxin occurrence in foods, especially in uncontrolled produced traditional foods causes serious health problems. In this study, traditional Küp cheese samples were collected from different part of Anatolian region in Turkey (Ankara, Nevşehir and Yozgat) and analyzed to determine Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) level. AFM1 analysis was carried out by, immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) attached with fluorescence detector (FL) The level of AFM1 in all samples was in the range of 16 and 136 ng/kg which is lower than the maximum tolerance limit of the Turkish Codex Regulations (250 ng/kg). The levels of contamination indicated that more detailed and continuous monitoring is required to increase the public health conscious and reduce consumers’ exposure to AFM1.

Validation of Antibiotic Residue Tests for Dairy Goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. ZENG ◽  
S. HART ◽  
E. N. ESCOBAR ◽  
K. TESFAI
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

The SNAP test, LacTek test (B-L and CEF), Charm Bacillus sterothermophilus var. calidolactis disk assay (BsDA), and Charm II Tablet Beta-lactam sequential test were validated using antibiotic-fortified and -incurred goat milk following the protocol for test kit validations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. SNAP, Charm BsDA, and Charm II Tablet Sequential tests were sensitive and reliable in detecting antibiotic residues in goat milk. All three assays showed greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity at tolerance and detection levels. However, caution should be taken in interpreting test results at detection levels. Because of the high sensitivity of these three tests, false-violative results could be obtained in goat milk containing antibiotic residues below the tolerance level. Goat milk testing positive by these tests must be confirmed using a more sophisticated methodology, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, before the milk is condemned. LacTek B-L test did not detect several antibiotics, including penicillin G, in goat milk at tolerance levels. However, LacTek CEF was excellent in detecting ceftiofur residue in goat milk.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Milk Production and Milk Composition at Different Stages of Saanen Dairy Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1S) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Noor Syaheera Ibrahim ◽  
Farida Hani Ahmad Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Food Regulation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Milk is an important elements due to its high nutritious and balanced in human diet. In Asian, goat milk is the most consumed because of the unique taste, more nutritious than cow milk. However, milk production and composition values differ at every stage of lactation in goats. Thus, determining the highest milk production and producing the best quality goat milk is essential to satisfy the local market demands. The objective of the present study is to determine the milk yield and milk composition at different lactation stages and to evaluate the lactation curves in Saanen goats. The lactation stages can be categorized into three, early (less than 80 days), mid (80 – 140 days) and late (over 140 days) days in milk (DIM). In total, 90 milk samples were collected from 15 goats representing early (n=5), mid (n=5), and late (n=5) stages of lactation. The Saanen goats were raised under the same conditions, and milking was done early in the morning (9.00am).The milk yield from Saanen goats were collected and measured weekly at each stage of lactation. Milk samples were analyzed for fat, protein, solid non-fat, and lactose. Current result illustrated, there were significant different (p ˂ 0.05) among three stages of lactation in milk yield, solid non-fat, fat, protein and lactose. In terms of food regulation, the Saanen goats almost fully met the standard requirements for milk production and composition. In addition, this study also observes the lactation curves in Saanen goats and analyse the curve shapes and patterns. The average milk yields from three different stages develops a concave downward curve. The results indicated that mid yield increased from early to mid- lactation and decreased thereafter until the end of lactation.

Expanding the contribution of dairy goats in efficient and sustainable production systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Liang ◽  
C. Devendra
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production

Goats contribute significantly to human nutrition, food security and income of resource-poor small farmers in Asia, Africa and beyond. Because of the high content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk, it is beneficial for human health resulting in it being sold at premium prices of three to nine times the price of cow milk in countries like China, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. Goats play a significant role in farming systems that directly impact on the capacity of rural farmers striving for the objective of sustainable food production systems. Increasing sustainable food production, particularly of animal proteins, presents major challenges to these small farms in the face of massive demands that are driven by rapid growth of human populations and increased availability of disposable income. In the last two decades, expanding market demand for goat milk has resulted in the establishment of commercial dairy goat farms in several newly developed South-east Asian countries. Major challenges to expanding production exist, and include ways to utilise the well-adapted features inherent in goats and their potential production to benefit the small and commercial farmers alike. Increasing the knowledge base is a priority to stimulate improved production systems and, increased the income of dairy goat farmers and other people involved in the industry. The recent establishment of the Asian-Australasian Dairy Goat Network supported jointly by FAO and Universiti Putra Malaysia, and national programs of participating countries, are committed to address these objectives and facilitate much-needed improvements to sustain dairy goat production systems in Asia and beyond.

Evaluation of different quality parameters of goat milk yoghurt developed using selected lactic acid bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Patel ◽  
Akshay Bariya ◽  
Vikram Patel ◽  
Krishna Gamit
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Storage Quality ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
And Storage

The present study was undertaken to develop yoghurt from goat milk and to assess its sensory, chemical, microbiological and storage quality. Three different cultures were tried and incubation temperatures viz. 30, 37 and 420C were selected. Yoghurt was prepared using 3% mixed culture containing Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus NCDC 144 in the ratio of 1:1. The product was prepared in five replicates and analysed for sensory attributes such as flavor, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall acceptability on 9-point hedonic scale by a panel of five judges. Based on overall acceptability of the product, the best incubation temperature (420C) was selected. The product prepared with optimized incubation temperature was further subjected for chemical, microbiological and storage quality. It was observed that goat milk yoghurt contains less percentage of total solids and higher titrable acidity than cow milk yoghurt. The sensory and microbiological quality of the product was evaluated on 0, 3, 6 and 9 days at refrigeration temperature (4±10C) to assess the storage stability of the product. The sensory attributes change significantly (p£0.05) after 9th day of storage in control and developed product both. The product had total plate count of 106 cfu and decreased significantly (p£0.05) after 9th day of storage (104 cfu/g). The coliform and yeast and mould count were not detected, both in control and developed product throughout storage period. It may be concluded that good quality goat milk yoghurt can be prepared by using mixed culture at 3% concentration with incubation temperature of 420C for 8 hours.

scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF AFLATOXIN M1 IN RAW ANIMAL MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Akinyemi Oluwatosin ◽  
Daniella Ekpakpale ◽  
Oluwawapelumi Oyedele ◽  
Kolawole Ayeni ◽  
Stephen O. Fapohunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Animal Milk

A total of 144 samples of milk and milk products comprising 23 raw camel milk, 77 cow milk, 24 goat milk and 20 kindirmo (fermented milk) were randomly purchased across four states in northern Nigeria during July 2020 and screened for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The incidence (and mean values) of AFM1 in the camel milk, cow milk, goat milk and kindirmo samples were 74 % (38 ng/L), 99 % (92 ng/L), 100 % (112 ng/L) and 100 % (145 ng/L), respectively. The mean AFM1 levels in 22 %, 42 %, 83 % and 50 % of the camel milk, cow milk, goat milk and kindirmo samples, respectively, exceeded the European Union threshold of 50 ng/L. Results from this study suggest that consumption of raw animal milk and its products could be a contributing factor to aflatoxin exposure among households in northern Nigeria.

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