Validation of Antibiotic Residue Tests for Dairy Goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. ZENG ◽  
S. HART ◽  
E. N. ESCOBAR ◽  
K. TESFAI
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

The SNAP test, LacTek test (B-L and CEF), Charm Bacillus sterothermophilus var. calidolactis disk assay (BsDA), and Charm II Tablet Beta-lactam sequential test were validated using antibiotic-fortified and -incurred goat milk following the protocol for test kit validations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. SNAP, Charm BsDA, and Charm II Tablet Sequential tests were sensitive and reliable in detecting antibiotic residues in goat milk. All three assays showed greater than 90% sensitivity and specificity at tolerance and detection levels. However, caution should be taken in interpreting test results at detection levels. Because of the high sensitivity of these three tests, false-violative results could be obtained in goat milk containing antibiotic residues below the tolerance level. Goat milk testing positive by these tests must be confirmed using a more sophisticated methodology, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, before the milk is condemned. LacTek B-L test did not detect several antibiotics, including penicillin G, in goat milk at tolerance levels. However, LacTek CEF was excellent in detecting ceftiofur residue in goat milk.

IDEXX SNAP® Beta-Lactam ST Validation for Penicillin G Detection

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis T Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Powdered Milk ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Assay Time

Abstract IDEXX has produced a robust and improved rapid test kit optimized to detect penicillin G in a variety of milk matrixes. The SNAP® Beta-Lactam ST Test Kit is designed to be run without the use of a heat block. The new test is optimized to ensure a detection capability for penicillin G that is at or below the European Union maximum residue limit of 4 parts per billion. The test can be used with commingled cow milk, commingled goat milk, commingled sheep milk, and reconstituted whole fat powdered milk. The SNAP Beta-Lactam ST Test Kit contains all the items necessary to run and interpret the test in a single package. No heat block or reader is required. The results can be read visually or with an IDEXX SNAPshot or SNAPshot DSR Reader. The total assay time is approximately 7 minutes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibiotics Residues in Chicken Meat Samples in Lebanon

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adla Jammoul ◽  
Nada El Darra
Keyword(s):  
Health Concern ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Chicken Muscles ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

Antibiotic residue in chicken is a human health concern due to its harmful effects on consumer health. This study aims at screening the antibiotic residues from 80 chicken samples collected from farms located in different regions of Lebanon. An optimized multi-class method for identification and quantification of 30 antibiotics from four different chemical classes (sulfonamides, tetracyclines, quinolones, and beta-lactams) has been developed by using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The evaluation of antibiotics residues in 80 chicken muscles samples has shown that 77.5% of samples were at least contaminated with antibiotics residues, out of which 53.75% were exposed to co-occurrence of multidrug residues. The screening of the four antibiotics families has shown that ciprofloxacin (quinolones) represents the highest occurrence percentage (32.5%), followed by amoxicillin (β-lactams) (22.5%) and then tetracyclines (17.5%). Means of sarafloxacin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G residues levels were above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) recommended limit according to the European Union EC. This study revealed that chicken samples collected from Lebanese farms contain antibiotic residues. Guidelines for prudent use of antimicrobials agents for chicken should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of resistant Salmonella in chicken.

scholarly journals Mastitis in dairy goats from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: profiles of farms, risk factors and characterization of bactéria

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1742-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magna C. Lima ◽  
Marina C.C. Souza ◽  
Isis F. Espeschit ◽  
Pedro A.C.C. Maciel ◽  
Jéssica E. Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais has a specialized goat milk production chain. Goat milk is superior in quality compared with milk of other domestic species, and the demand for milk and milk products for the public has increased. Data on dairy goat breeding in Minas Gerais are scarce and relatively old, and this lack of information has limited the implementation of prophylactic measures, especially for mastitis, which represents the biggest sanitary problem for dairy herds. The objective of this work was to characterize mastitis and bacteria associated with it in milking goats in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais. It also causes socioeconomic problems and market issues for dairy goat farming. A total of 539 lactating goats were examined and 268 individual samples (one for teat) were collected from animals positive for strip cup test and/or the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Microbiological cultures were carried out on blood agar medium and the bacteria were subjected to phenotypic, genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 28.0% and the clinical prevalence was 2.8%. Bacterial multiplication was obtained in 62% of samples. One hundred eighty seven total bacteria were identified. The most common species identified was Staphylococcus aureus (60%), followed Staphylococcus epidermidis (9.1%,), Escherichia coli (6.9%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5.9%) e Staphylococcus caprae (4.3%). Bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus presented a profile of resistance to antimicrobials belonging to the beta-lactam class (penicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin) in addition to tetracycline, in contrast to the other antimicrobials tested. Twelve percent of multidrug resistence (MDR) was found in five microregions. Among the bacteria with the highest prevalence of MDR, 38.5% were E. coli and 10.6% were S. aureus. The producers of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais are technicians who work with specialized dairy breeds and practise good management. However, some measures related to prophylaxis and control of diseases, such as vaccination, have low adherence or are not performed due to a lack of veterinary assistance. This is the first study focusing on this region, which is highly prominent in goat milk production in Brazil. It provides important information that can help in the implementation of measures for the prophylaxis and control of diseases, and for maintenance of a constant supply of products in sufficient quantities and of a quality suitable for the consumer population.

scholarly journals Parallux™ β-Lactam: A Capillary-Based Fluorescent Immunoassay for the Determination of Penicillin-G, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cloxacillin, Cephapirin, and Ceftiofur in Bovine Milk

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacey P Huth ◽  
Polly S Warholic ◽  
Jane M Devou ◽  
Larry K Chaney ◽  
Genevieve H Clark
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillaries ◽  
Minimum Sensitivity ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Analytical System

Abstract An analytical system was developed for detection of antibiotic residues in bovine milk. The method is based on competitive fluorescent immunoassays in glass capillary tubes (U.S. Patent No. 5,624,850). The system consists of an assay cartridge containing 4 glass capillaries, a reagent tray with 4 wells of dried reagents, and a Parallux™ processor, which processes the assay, reads fluorescent output, and reports test results. Minimum sensitivity for detection of 6 β-lactam antibiotics in bovine milk was determined to be penicillin-G, 3.2 ppb; ampicillin, 2.9 ppb; amoxicillin, 3.6 ppb; cloxacillin, 7.4 ppb; cephapirin, 16.3 ppb; and ceftiofur, 33.7 ppb. The assay system was also specific and sensitive for detection of incurred residues at U.S. Food and Drug Administration tolerance levels: penicillin-G, 5 ppb; ampicillin, 10 ppb; amoxicillin, 10 ppb; cloxacillin, 10 ppb; cephapirin, 20 ppb; and ceftiofur, 50 ppb. There was no interference in detection of minimum sensitivity levels of antibiotic by the presence of somatic cells at approximately 1 × 106 cells/mL. Milk containing 3 × 106 cells/mL bacteria commonly found in mastitic milk also showed no interference when tolerance levels of antibiotic were present. There was no detectable interference on results by a wide variety of non-β-lactam drugs.

scholarly journals RESIDU ANTIBIOTIK PADA SUSU KAMBING PE YANG MENDERITA MASTITIS SUBKLINIS DI DESA AIKMUAL LOMBOK TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Rodi Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Dose Method ◽  
Negative Effect

Subclinical mastitis is a disease that often occurs in Etawa (PE) crossbreed goat farms. Farmers in handling this disease usually use antibiotics, giving antibiotics that are not right or according to the procedure can cause residues. The presence of antibiotic residues in goat's milk can have an impact on human health such as poisoning, allergies, and microbiological disorders. This study aims to determine the incidence rate and find the presence of antibiotic residues in the milk of Etawa Peranakan goat who suffer from subclinical mastitis in Aikmual Village, Central Lombok Regency. Test results from 6 samples of etawa-crossed goat milk (PE) suffering from subclinical mastitis using the Bioassay Screening Test method showed negative results containing antibiotic residues. Negative results in the sample are marked by the absence of dead bacteria on paper discs that have been soaked with milk samples from goats that are positive for subclinical mastitis, this is evident from the absence of inhibitory zones formed. The negative effect of this milk sample is due to several possibilities, namely: The stopping period of the drug has been reached and the antibiotics used are in accordance with  the  dose. The duration of the presence of antibiotics in milk depends on several factors,  including: dose, method of administration and type of antibiotic. In  general,  it is applied  that the withdrawal time of narrow spectrum antibiotics is at least 5 days after treatment, for the type of antibiotics that can form a depot (broad spectrum) has a withdrawal time of 1 3 days

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Tetracycline Residues in Chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Shraddha Patrabansh ◽  
Niranjan Parajuli ◽  
Vinay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Uv Detector ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Two Samples

Antibiotic residues in meat are a serious public health concern as a result of its harmful effects on consumer health. This study aimed at estimating the residues levels of commonly used antibiotics (Tetracycline) in chicken samples using two analytical methods; Rapid Screening Kit and HPLC. Twenty chicken samples were collected from various meat shops of Kathmandu valley. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analyses with Quicking Tetracycline rapid Test kit, which detect tetracycline above 100 ppb in tissue revealed that two samples were positive for antibiotic residues in the chicken for tetracycline. The concentration of residues of tetracycline, which were positive in rapid test kit was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a UV detector (HPLC-UV). One muscle sample and one liver sample of chicken have found the concentration of tetracycline as 229 and 339 μg/kg, respectively while chlortetracycline was not detected. This result confirmed widespread misuses of antibiotics especially tetracycline in farm and lack of application of recommended withdrawal times. Antimicrobial assay of chicken extracts was also performed by using the disc-diffusion agar method.The plates were incubated overnight at 37 °C for 18-24 hours, butmicrobial  growthwas not observed in all the samples tested. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 14-20

Residues of antibiotics in milk: persistence and quality interference

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Janine F. Alves ◽  
Guilherme H. Paula ◽  
Rânio C.F. Silva ◽  
Paulo V.T. Leão ◽  
Karen M. Leão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Package Inserts ◽  
Test Chemical ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Natural Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residue

The objective of this study was (i) to analyze antibiotic residues, two which were beta-lactam antibiotics, one tetracycline, and one quinolone in the milk of lactating animals; (ii) to evaluate the interference of the drug ceftiofur which is considered as discard-zero. The SNAPduo™ ST Plus kit was used to evaluate the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics and tetracyclines in natural milk. Medications based on penicillin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and oxytetracycline were used. As expected, the milk from control animals and animals administered with enrofloxacin did not present antibiotic residue because it is not one of the classes detected by the SNAPduo™ ST Plus kit, and thus it was used to prove the efficiency of the test. Ceftiofur, known as a “discard-zero” antibiotic, tested positive for the SNAPduo™ ST Plus kit and the BetaStar Combo® “S” test. Chemical residues were detected in cow’s milk treated with different groups of antibiotics after the withdrawal time indicated in the package inserts of the medicines used.

scholarly journals Determination of Beta-Lactam residues in milk by high performance liquid chromatography

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (spe) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseane Brandão de Brito ◽  
Roberto Gonçalves Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

A high performance liquid chromatographic method to assay beta-lactam residues in milk was developed and validated. Milk samples were spiked with standard solutions and deproteinated. The extract was cleaned-up on C18 SPE cartridge, the antibiotics eluted with acetonitrile:water (50:50 v/v) and derivatized with acetic anhydride and 1-methyl-imidazole solution containing HgCl2. The chromatographic analysis was performed on C18 column using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) in the presence of Na2S2O3 gradient and detection at 325 nm. The method was selective for ampicillin, penicillin G and penicillin V, the latter used as internal standard. Average recoveries for ampicillin and penicillin G ranged, respectively, from 60.0% to 104.9% and from 82.7% to 109.2%, with coefficients of variation from 11.1% to 24.6%, and from 2.1% to 25.2%, indicating accuracy and precision. Detection limit of 4.0 µg/L for ampicillin and 3.0 µg/L for penicillin G, and quantification limits of 4.0 µg/L for both were estimated.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Mycotoxins in Feed for Goats and Their Residues in Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Tatiana Emy de Freitas ◽  
Joana D’arc Felicio ◽  
Daniela Pontes Chiebao ◽  
Roberto Carlos Felicio ◽  
Edlayne Gonçalez
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Feed Samples

<p>Aflatoxins are mainly produced by <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> and <em>A. parasiticus</em>, whereas <em>A. flavus</em>, under different conditions, also can produce cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). Several studies on mycotoxins in feed and cow milk have been reported, but the investigation of the co-occurrence of aflatoxins and CPA in feed and goat milk is an unprecedent study in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid in diets intended for dairy goats and their residues in milk in 10 familiar properties of Southwestern Sao Paulo region, totalizing 128 samples of feed and 120 samples of milk. Aflatoxins have been extracted and purified in an immunoaffinity column specific for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The analyses for detection and quantification of toxins were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. From the analyses of the feeds, 2.34% of these were contaminated with aflatoxin at levels ranging from: 3.65 to 36.93 ug/kg for AFB1; 0.35 to 2.46 ug/kg for AFB2; trace to 46.06 ug/ kg for AFG1 and 0.61 to 1.65 ug/ kg for AFG2. One sample showed a concentration of 87.1 ug/kg, above that allowed by Brazilian law. Concerning CPA, 3.12% of the feed samples were positive for it at concentrations ranging from trace to 1.90 ug/kg. AFM1 and CPA were not detected in the milk samples. The results demonstrate that low contamination by mycotoxins in feeds and the absence of AFM1 and CPA in milk indicate best practices in the management and storage of these feeds.</p>

Determination of Selected Phthalates in Some Commercial Cosmetic Products by HPLC-UV

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010-1022
Author(s):  
Emrah Dural
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Aim and scope: Due to the serious toxicological risks and their widespread use, quantitative determination of phthalates in cosmetic products have importance for public health. The aim of this study was to develop a validated simple, rapid and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of phthalates which are; dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), in cosmetic products and to investigate these phthalate (PHT) levels in 48 cosmetic products marketing in Sivas, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Separation was achieved by a reverse-phase ACE-5 C18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5.0 μm). As the mobile phase, 5 mM KH2PO4 and acetonitrile were used gradiently at 1.5 ml min-1. All PHT esters were detected at 230 nm and the run time was taking 21 minutes. Results: This method showed the high sensitivity value the limit of quantification (LOQ) values for which are below 0.64 μg mL-1 of all phthalates. Method linearity was ≥0.999 (r2). Accuracy and precision values of all phthalates were calculated between (-6.5) and 6.6 (RE%) and ≤6.2 (RSD%), respectively. Average recovery was between 94.8% and 99.6%. Forty-eight samples used for both babies and adults were successfully analyzed by the developed method. Results have shown that, DMP (340.7 μg mL-1 ±323.7), DEP (1852.1 μg mL-1 ± 2192.0), and DBP (691.3 μg mL-1 ± 1378.5) were used highly in nail polish, fragrance and cream products, respectively. Conclusion: Phthalate esters, which are mostly detected in the content of fragrance, cream and nail polish products and our research in general, are DEP (1852.1 μg mL-1 ± 2192.0), DBP (691.3 μg mL-1 ± 1378.5) and DMP (340.7 μg mL-1 ±323.7), respectively. Phthalates were found in the content of all 48 cosmetic products examined, and the most detected phthalates in general average were DEP (581.7 μg mL-1 + 1405.2) with a rate of 79.2%. The unexpectedly high phthalate content in the examined cosmetic products revealed a great risk of these products on human health. The developed method is a simple, sensitive, reliable and economical alternative for the determination of phthalates in the content of cosmetic products, it can be used to identify phthalate esters in different products after some modifications.

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