scholarly journals “Box Box on the Shelve! Tell Me!”: The Effects of Adapted Plays on Physical Fitness in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Atike Yılmaz ◽  
Fatih Mirze
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fitness Parameters

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of adapted play activities on physical fitness in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, the pretest-posttest design with a single experimental group was used. The sample of the study is comprised of 7 students with 7–13 years of age. In the measurement of physical fitness parameters of children with ASD, height, body weight, flexibility, vertical jump, and right/left hand grasping power tests were performed. SPSS 23.0 program was used. In addition to descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed rank test was used in the comparisons of pretest-posttest measurements. According to the findings of the research, among the physical fitness parameters, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the flexibility, vertical jumping, right and left-hand grasping power values, while there was statistically no significant difference concerning the body mass index values. We can mention that the obtained findings demonstrate that play activities lesson program has positive impacts on the physical fitness parameters of children with ASD, and it contributes to their motor developments. Additionally, this research study is considered significant since it leads the way for researchers and teachers of this field and it provides an insight for further studies.

Print Knowledge in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Do Child and Family Variables Play a Role?

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Dynia ◽  
Emily J. Solari
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Letter Identification ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Print Knowledge ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Name Writing

Purpose This study aimed to examine the print knowledge of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in comparison to children who have developmental language disorder (DLD) and typically developing (TD) children as well as examine the child and family predictors of print knowledge. Method A total of 629 preschool children, including 33 children with ASD, 93 children with DLD, and 503 TD children, were the focus of the current study. Teachers completed direct assessments with the children in the fall and spring of the academic year on print knowledge using the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screener. Results Analyses of covariance were used to compare the print knowledge skills (uppercase and lowercase letter identification, print and word awareness, name writing) in the fall and spring for each of the three groups. The groups were significantly different for the Print and Word Awareness and Name Writing subtests in both the fall and spring. A Tukey's honestly significant difference further indicated that, for these subtests, the children with ASD had significantly lower scores than both the children with DLD and TD children. When examining the child and family predictors of residualized gain in print knowledge for the children with ASD, the only significant predictor for any outcome was fall scores. When examining the predictors for the full sample, fall scores, age, ASD status, and mothers' education level were significant predictors of print and word awareness and name writing scores. Conclusions None of the child and family characteristics seemed to be related to residualized gain in print knowledge for children with ASD. However, when examining predictors of residualized gain in print knowledge for the full sample, ASD status was related to lower scores for both print and word awareness and name writing.

scholarly journals VISUAL SUPPORT REDUCES ANXIETY IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER AND ENHANCE THEIR VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ramsha Ghous ◽  
Hina Naz
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Therapy Sessions ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have difficulties with sensory processing that result in anxiety in certain situations. Aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of visual supports in reduction of anxiety levels and tolerance of transitions or switch over in children with ASD. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial METHODS With a sample size of 57, comparison was made between two groups i.e.; the experimental and the control group to see the efficacy of the visual inputs in reducing anxiety in children with ASD of age bracket 8-12 years old. Experimental group was given visual aids with occupational therapy sessions, while control group was only given conventional Occupational Therapy sessions. Pre and post analysis of visual perceptual ages and the anxiety levels of children were compared by anxiety scale for children-spectrum disorder and motor-free visual perception test. RESULT Significant increase in the visual perceptual ages with reduction in anxiety level was observed in experimental; no significant difference was found in control group. CONCLUSION Reduction in the anxiety levels was achieved after 4 weeks of intervention with improvement in the visual perceptual ages in the experimental group.

scholarly journals The urinary biopterin in autism spectrum disorder

Pteridines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Waligóra ◽  
Aleksandra Damasiewicz-Bodzek ◽  
Piotr Gorczyca ◽  
Sławomir Waligóra ◽  
Krystyna Tyrpień-Golder
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine whether biopterin is present in significantly lower quantities in urine samples of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to healthy individuals. Methods The concentration of biopterin in urine samples was measured by ELISA using commercially available kit. The study involved 53 children aged 3–16 years with ASD and 60 healthy children aged 2–14 years. Results Significantly lower biopterin concentration was observed in autistic patients compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between mild, moderate, and severe ASD. Conclusion One of the potential causes of decrease in urinary biopterin levels may be tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency, which has extensive and serious health consequences for the nervous system. The results of measuring biopterin as a fully oxidized form of BH4 may suggest that biosynthesis or regeneration of BH4 may be decreased in children with ASD. On the other hand, decreased urinary biopterin levels in children with ASD may be due to BH4 overuse, a good regeneration process, and decreased urinary excretion; and abnormalities in BH4 metabolism appear to be related to the aetiology of ASD or may be due to ASD.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder: Correlation between aberrant behaviors, EEG abnormalities and seizures

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Elena Hartley-McAndrew ◽  
Arie Weinstock
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Eeg Abnormalities ◽  
Significant Difference

The relationship between epilepsy, epileptiform discharges, cognitive, language and behavioral symptoms is not clearly understood. Since difficulties with socialization and maladaptive behaviors are found in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we inquired whether epileptiform activity and seizures are associated with adverse behavioral manifestations in this population. We reviewed our EEG database between 1999-2006, and identified 123 children with ASD. EEG abnormalities were found in 39 children (31%). A control group of age and gender matched ASD children with normal EEG’s was obtained. Packets of questionnaires including the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale II (VABS), Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were sent by mail. Out of 21 packets received, 11 had normal and 10 had abnormal EEG’s. There were no statistically significant differences in behavior between the two groups. Statistical analysis of discharge location and frequency did not reveal a significant trend. However, children with ASD and seizures had statistically significant lower scores in VABS daily living (P=0.009) and socialization (P=0.007) as compared to those without seizures. ASD children with seizures had higher ABC levels of hyperactivity and irritability. Differences in irritability scores nearly reached statistical significance (P=0.058). There was no significant difference in the degree of CARS autism rating between the groups. Our study did not reveal statistically significant differences in behaviors between ASD children with and without EEG abnormalities. However, ASD children with seizures revealed significantly worse behaviors as compared to counterparts without seizures.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Corneal Topography in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Maha A. ALGarzaie ◽  
Ali M. Alsaqr
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Corneal Topography ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corneal Asphericity

Purpose: To investigate the corneal characteristics in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age-matched typical development (TD) participants. Methods: This cross-sectional, clinically based study compared children with ASD to age-matched TD participants. Corneal topography was measured with a portable EyeSys Vista system. The distance visual acuity (VA) and the contrast sensitivity (CS) were determined. The refractive error (RE) was assessed using a 2WIN autorefractometer. Results: A total of 31 children with ASD (mean age: 12.78 ± 4.49 years), and 60 participants with TD (mean age: 13.65 ± 3.56 years) were recruited. The two groups were similar in age (t = −2.084, p = 0.075) and VA (t = −0.35, p = 0.32). Most of the children with ASD had a significant amount of refractive errors (REs; range: +5.25 to −5.50 DS), and astigmatism was dominant (range: −0.25 to −4.50 DC). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups in terms of average corneal power (t = 1.12, p = 0.39). The children with ASD and participants with TD also did not differ significantly in terms of corneal shape descriptors (p > 0.05), such as corneal asphericity, inferior superior index, opposite sector index, and differential sector index. The spherical equivalent did not differ significantly between the ASD participants and participants with TD (t = 1.15, p = 0.15). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the astigmatism component between the ASD participants and the participants with TD.

scholarly journals Inclusion Strategies: A Trampoline Program For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Lourenço ◽  
Dulce Esteves
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder that is characterized by deficits in social, communication, and motor function. Trampoline-based interventions reported to promote motor proficiency in children with ASD to foster the development of coordination, balance and muscle strengthen.Methods: This study examined the effects of two trampoline interventions on the motor skill proficiency, muscle strength of the lower limbs, and body mass index (BMI) of 25 children (aged 6.9 ± 2.3 years) with ASD. The 20-weeks intervention participants (n=6) are in the experimental group A, whereas the 32-week intervention participants (n=8) are in experimental group B. The control group consists of 11 participants who did not receive any intervention constituting.The Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2), the Standing long jump, and BMI assessment were conducted three times for each participant at baseline (T1), middle time of the intervention (T2), and post-intervention (T3).Results: The findings suggest that children in both experimental groups exhibited significant improvements in BOT-2 and the standing long jump after the 20-weekand 32-week of trampoline-based physical activity intervention when compared to the children in the control group. No significant difference was found on BMI before and after the interventions in all three groups. Conclusion: The findings provide supporting evidence that a minimum 20-week trampoline training may be a viable therapeutic option for training children with ASD to improve their motor proficiency.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Serum Concentrations of Menaquinone-4 and Developmental Quotients in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyu Dong ◽  
Bing Wang ◽  
Junyan Feng ◽  
Xiaojing Yue ◽  
Feiyong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: The vitamin K family has a wide range of effects in the body, including the central nervous system. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a form of vitamin K2, is converted from phylloquinone (PK), which is the main source of dietary vitamin K and is the main form of vitamin K in the brain. We conducted this study to investigate the serum concentration of MK-4 and the correlations between MK-4 and developmental quotients in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Methods: We selected 731 children with ASD who were diagnosed for the first time. During the same period, 332 neurotypical children who underwent regular physical examinations in our outpatient department were selected as the TD group. We investigated the general situation of children, including gender and age. Children in ASD group were assessed for autistic symptoms and development quotients, including Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), ADOS-2, and Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese Language Edition (GDS-C). Both groups of children were tested for serum menaquinone-4. We compared serum menaquinone-4 levels of ASD group and TD group. We then conducted a correlation analysis between the level of menaquinone-4 and the developmental quotient of children with ASD.Results: The results of this study indicate that the serum concentration of MK-4 in children with ASD is lower than that in children with typical development (t = −2.702, P = 0.007). The serum concentration of MK-4 is related to the developmental quotients of several subscales in ASD children, and this correlation is more obvious in males.Conclusion: we conclude that MK-4 is present in lower concentrations in children with ASD, which may affect cognition and developmental quotients. The role of MK-4 in ASD needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals Association between the rs1360780 polymorphism in FKBP5 gene and serum cortisol levels in children with autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Bozkurt ◽  
Abdullah Çim ◽  
Şeref Şimşek ◽  
Serkan Şahin ◽  
Salih Coşkun
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Abstract The inconsistent results about cortisol levels in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be suggestive of other factors like gen polymorphisms rather than the disorder itself. So we aimed to investigate the rs1360780 polymorphism in FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) gene and its relation to ASD and cortisol levels comparing with that of healthy participants. We have included two main groups as study and control groups in the present study. Eighty nine children with ASD ranging in age from 2 to 15 years were selected for the study group and age-matched 86 healthy children were selected for the control group. Cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher in the study group. However there was no statistically significant difference in terms of allele and genotype frequencies between the groups. Carrying the C allele of FKBP5 seems to increase the cortisol levels in the study group. This is the first clinical study to evaluate the association between rs1360780 polymorphism in FKBP5 gene and serum cortisol levels in children with ASD. Since the prevalence of ASD is gradually increasing in recent years, several endocrine and related genetic factors should be born in mind while examining this population.

scholarly journals Internet-of-Things Devices in Support of the Development of Echoic Skills among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4621
Author(s):  
Krzysztof J. Rechowicz ◽  
John B. Shull ◽  
Michelle M. Hascall ◽  
Saikou Y. Diallo ◽  
Kevin J. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Skill Assessment ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment

A significant therapeutic challenge for people with disabilities is the development of verbal and echoic skills. Digital voice assistants (DVAs), such as Amazon’s Alexa, provide networked intelligence to billions of Internet-of-Things devices and have the potential to offer opportunities to people, such as those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to advance these necessary skills. Voice interfaces can enable children with ASD to practice such skills at home; however, it remains unclear whether DVAs can be as proficient as therapists in recognizing utterances by a developing speaker. We developed an Alexa-based skill called ASPECT to measure how well the DVA identified verbalization by autistic children. The participants, nine children diagnosed with ASD, each participated in 30 sessions focused on increasing vocalizations and echoic responses. Children interacted with ASPECT prompted by instructions from an Echo device. ASPECT was trained to recognize utterances and evaluate them as a therapist would—simultaneously, a therapist scored the child’s responses. The study identified no significant difference between how ASPECT and the therapists scored participants; this conclusion held even when subsetting participants by a pre-treatment echoic skill assessment score. This indicates considerable potential for providing a continuum of therapeutic opportunities and reinforcement outside of clinical settings.

scholarly journals The effect of physical activity interventions on development of children with autism spectrum disorder. content-analysis of researches

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-125
Author(s):  
I.R. Bodnar ◽  
A.F. Hamade
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Impact

Background. Heeding the experience of existing research will allow designing future scientific research. This will increase physical activitу (PA), improve physical fitness, maintenance and improvement of health of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD); assist implementation of inclusion in the educational institutions of the country. Purpose - to analyze the content of physical education programs used in attracting children with autism spectrum disorder to physical activity and to find out domains of indicators that should be investigated. Participants and setting. The analysis of scientific articles for 2000-2019 years was done, 48 publications were selected. Research design. A systematic search for scientific data was conducted, articles that were not related to physical activity were not taken into consideration. The search depth was 3 generations. Data collection. The search of documents was carried out in different databases using keywords «autism», «ASD», «physical activity», «fitness». Articles that studied the effect of different means (lesson programs) on the performance of children with ASD were chosen. More than 100 English-language papers for the last 20 years were analyzed. Data analysis. A content analysis of received data was conducted. The reliability of the differences between the frequency of study of aggregates of indicators was clarified using χ-test. Findings. Scientists, studying the impact of programs of PA on children with ASD, often focus on disruptive behavioral models (31%) of these children and on their indicators of physical fitness and motor skills (35%). Most studies analize the effects of a program using one type of PA. Conclusions. Among the existing research, there is a lack of multidimensional and multimodal programs that would combine effective means of PA. The frequency of communication and cognitive performance research (12% and 10% respectively) significantly (p<0.05) lags behind the research of frequency of physical and behavioral indicators in children with ASD (35% and 31% respectively). there is a lack of research that would study different groups of indicators (physical, cognitive and indicators of problem areas of children with ASD, behavioral and communicative) together.

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