scholarly journals Estimation of Sugar Beet Yield and its Dry Matter Partitioning Under Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Kamali ◽  
Shahrokh Zand-Parsa
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
White Sugar

In this study, a simple logistic model was developed for estimating total dry matter of sugar beet under different irrigation and nitrogen levels. The experiment was conducted using line source sprinkler irrigation in 2013 and furrow irrigation in 2014. Irrigation treatments were from 44% to 130% of full irrigation and applied nitrogen treatments ranged from 0 to 240 kg N ha-1. Results showed that the model was more accurate in predicting total dry matter at harvest date with the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) amounting to almost 10 percent. After total dry matter estimation, a model was needed for dry matter partitioning between different organs of sugar beet. To achieve this goal, another logistic model was developed and was compared with three revised models. Finally, white sugar content of root dry matter was estimated using a quadratic equation as a function of applied water and nitrogen. Validation results indicated that total and root dry matters, and white sugar yield were estimated fairly well. Results showed that excessive water had negative effects on total dry matter and root dry matter. Also, excessive nitrogen affected root dry matter negatively too, but even the excess had positive effects on total dry matter. In contrast to common belief, our results showed that drought stress reduced both ratios of root to leaf, and root to shoot dry matter.

scholarly journals Impact of Irrigation and Fertigation on the Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a Moderate Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Żarski ◽  
Renata Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska ◽  
Stanisław Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderate Climate

In Poland, under conditions of the moderate climate and transition between maritime and continental climates, the average rainfall totals of the growing season are in the range of 350–400 mm; however, they are distinguished by great temporal and spatial variability. Climatological studies demonstrate that the drought frequency is approximately 30%. Therefore, under such conditions, irrigation has a supplementary and intervention nature and is applied only when dry periods occur. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of sprinkler irrigation and increased nitrogen fertilization on the yield and quality of sugar beet roots and yield of sugar. The average increase of the yield under irrigation was 18.1 t·ha−1 which constituted a 22.8% increase in the yield. Furthermore, there was a marked tendency of a higher sugar content in the roots of irrigated plants. The absolute, relative, and unit average sugar beet root yield increases obtained under the influence of sprinkler irrigation and the lack of a significant diversity in the sugar content in roots confirm that irrigation contributed to an appropriate pace of plant growth and development. The increased rate of nitrogen fertilization (N2) of 160 kg N·ha−1 plus an additional 40 kg N·ha−1 resulted in the significantly greater root yields compared to the control (N1) (160 kg N·ha−1), i.e., an average of 7.6 t·ha−1 (9%). Based on the crop-water production function, the maximum root yields were obtained for the N1 rate at a total precipitation and irrigation amount of 382 mm, compared with 367 mm for the N2 rate.

Dry matter and sugar content as parameters to assess the quality of sugar beet varieties for anaerobic digestion

2014 ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
The Impact

Sugar beet is considered as biogas substrate because of its high yield. However, varieties differ in quality, in particular sugar content, which might affect biogas formation. The study aimed at analysing the impact of different beet qualities on biogas formation. Furthermore, parameters describing beet quality for anaerobic digestion should be found. From 2009 to 2011 field trials with several sugar beet varieties and a fodder beet variety were conducted with different N application rates at sites near Göttingen and Regensburg to get a broad range of beet qualities. The dry matter composition of beets, leaves, winter beet, bolters and maize was analysed. Discontinuous batch trials with fresh beet material were conducted to determine biogas formation. Sugar beet varieties did not differ in their dry matter composition and thus in biogas formation, whereas differences occurred between sugar beet and other substrates. Sugar beet was characterised by a high content of organic dry matter (98% oDM). The degradation time was mainly affected by the crude fibre content of the material. Therefore 90% of the biogas from sugar beet was formed within 3.5 days, whereas from winter beet, bolters and maize it took more than 10 days. The calculation of the specific biogas yield of different sugar beet qualities with two formulae resulted in lower values than determined in batch trials. A formula was derived to assess sugar beet quality for anaerobic digestion based on the sugar content, as increasing sugar contents lead to increasing specific biogas yields per kilogramme fresh matter.

Field experiments on uptake of nitrogen from leaf sprays by sugar beet

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian N. Thorne ◽  
D. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Trichloracetic Acid ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
The Difference

When the leaves of sugar-beet crops were sprayed on six occasions in late September and early October with 100 gal./acre of a 3% solution of ammonium nitrate or equivalent urea, in two experiments about 70% of the nitrogen was recovered in the plants in mid-October, compared with 40% recovered from applications of the same amounts of fertilizer to the soil at the same times. In a third experiment the recovery from similar sprayings with urea solution was less than 40%, but very little nitrogen was absorbed from soil dressings, so that the difference between the recoveries from spray and soil applications was nearly the same as in the other experiments.Nitrogen per cent of dry matter in all parts of the plant was increased by the sprays. More than half of the nitrogen absorbed from the sprays was in the leaf laminae, and the remainder was equally divided between petioles (including crowns) and roots. Between 20 and 30% of the nitrogen supplied in spray in the first two experiments was converted to protein in the leaf laminae, and half of this was present as soluble protein precipitable by trichloracetic acid, a fraction that is extracted in the largescale preparation of leaf protein.Spraying slightly increased the dry-matter yield of the tops, but not of the roots. It reduced the sugar content of the roots by about 1% of fresh weight. In one experiment it had no effect on sugar yield; in the others it caused losses of 2 and 5 cwt./acre.The recovery of nitrogen in the tops from a single low-volume spraying (12½ or 25 gal./acre) with nearly saturated urea solution was about the same as from repeated high-volume sprays supplying the same total amount of nitrogen, but in the roots it was higher from the single than from the repeated sprays.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen fertilization and anti-fungal plant protection on sugar beet yielding

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
M. Pytlarz-Kozicka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Anti Fungal

Sugar beet yielding and, thus, the profitability of its cultivation depends on various conditions. These are mainly a&nbsp;dose of nitrogen fertilizing and anti-fungal plant protection. Based on the research carried out in a private-owned farm in Biała commune, Opole province, Poland, it was observed that the most important factors influencing plant development and root yield of sugar beets (var. Kassandra and Cortina) were genetic features of the investigated varieties and fungal control. They increased considerably root yield and sugar content. The doubled nitrogen dose from 90 to 180 kg N/ha enhanced a slight, statistically insignificant, root yield increase and a lower sugar content in beet roots. The three-year research showed that weather conditions during the vegetation period had a decisive effect on sugar beet plants development and fungal infestation. The variety Cortina was characterized with a significantly higher yield and a higher content of treacle forming compounds in the roots. The increase of N rate from 90 to 180 kg N/ha caused a significant increase of average root mass, leaves and dry matter yield and potassium and N-NH<sub>2</sub> in roots, but it also lowered sugar content. In the years with favorable conditions for fungal infestation, the use of fungicides helped to obtain a higher leaf/root ratio, higher root mass, higher root and leaf yield and higher dry matter and sugar yields. However, it did not have an effect on the content of chemical compounds producing treacle in sugar beet roots.

scholarly journals The influence of harvest date and crop treatment on the production of two different sugar beet variety types

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 492-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jozefyová ◽  
J. Pulkrábek ◽  
J. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Sugar Beet Variety ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Postponement ◽  
White Sugar

In a&nbsp;four-year trial, the effect was evaluated of the harvest time on the production of two different sugar beet variety types (the Z-type variety Elan and the NE-type variety Epos) grown in three patterns &ndash; 1. check pattern, 2. fertilisation with50 kgN/ha, 3. fertilisation with50 kgN/ha + fungicide treatment. Sugar beet was harvested in two terms: at the beginning of the beet processing season, and four weeks later. The differences between the varieties became apparent mainly at the later harvest time. The root yields of the NE-type variety Epos were higher at the later harvest by the average 4.35 t/ha (statistically significant,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01) while its sugar content was lower by 0.3% (&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.05) than in the Z-type variety Elan. The postponement of the harvest time increased the root yields of both varieties by the average 10.47 t/ha (i.e. by 17.9%,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01). The effect of the harvest time on the sugar content was dependent on the year. Due to retrovegetation following the rainfalls after a&nbsp;prolonged dry period in the year 2000, the sugar content decreased at the later harvest time by 1.68% in absolute figures (or by 8.35% rel.,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01). The content of molassigenic substances in sugar beet roots varied according to the year rather than to the factors followed. The white sugar yields increased at the later harvest by the average 1.57 t/ha (or by 16.9%,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01). The average increment of sugar for each day of the postponed harvest was 58.2 kg/ha (or 0.63%). The effect of nitrogen fertilisation and fungicide treatment on the sugar beet production became apparent at the later harvest time. Fertilisation with50 kgN/ha + fungicide treatment increased the root yields by 1.07 t/ha (or by 10.32%,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01) in comparison with the pattern without nitrogen fertilisation and fungicide treatment. Spraying with fungicide itself increased the sugar yields by 0.81 t/ha (or by 7.81%,&nbsp;&alpha;&nbsp;= 0.01) in comparison with the pattern equally fertilised but not treated with fungicide.

Growth of sugar-beet crops including the influence of synthetic plant growth regulators

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Green ◽  
L. V. Vaidyanathan ◽  
J. D. Ivins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning

SummaryObservations are presented from a crop of sugar beet grown in Cambridgeshire during 1978, and a field trial at Sutton Bonington during 1985 in which the influence of synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) daminozide, chlormequat, GA4+7 and ethephon were compared.Several distinct patterns of growth were evident, being similar for both growing seasons and described by two intersecting straight lines. Early development was characterized by a slow rate of biomass accumulation, a dominance of foliage production with a constant but small root fraction (around 40%), a low specific leaf area and a slow but conservative rate of sucrose fractionation. Later in the season the rate of stand growth was both constant and maximal, the root fraction doubled, specific leaf area increased and the rate of sucrose accumulation rose markedly.Transitions between developmental phases occurred at various times dependent on variate under consideration. The onset of the main growth period began at the end of June, followed by an increase in the rate of sucrose accumulation about 2 weeks later. Finally, near the end of July, partition of assimilate into the root assumed a faster rate. Changes in the partitioning into both roots and sucrose are discussed in relation to the development of the secondary cambium.Generally there were no effects of PGRs on biomass accumulation, dry-matter partitioning, specific leaf area and sucrose accumulation. However, daminozide increased early canopy expansion and early dry-matter production but failed to influence biomass or sugar yield.

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