scholarly journals An Integration of GIS and Simulation Models for a Cost Benefit Analysis of Irrigation Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Monika Ghimire ◽  
Art Stoecker ◽  
Tracy A. Boyer ◽  
Hiren Bhavsar ◽  
Jeffrey Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Irrigation Development

<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">This study incorporates spatially explicit geographic information system and simulation models to develop an optimal irrigation system. The purpose of the optimized irrigation system was to save depleted ground water supplies. ArcGIS was used to calculate the area of potential irrigable soils, and EPANET (a hydrological simulation program) was used to calculate energy costs. Crop yield response functions were used to estimate the yield of cotton to the amount of irrigation and the accumulation of soil salinity over a 50-year period. Four irrigation designs (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed with different irrigation schedules.</span></p><p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">Design A allowed all producers to irrigate simultaneously at 600 gallons per minute (gpm) or 2,271 liters per minute (lpm) while designs B and C divided the irrigable areas into two parts. Design D divided the areas into four parts to allow producers to irrigate one part at a time at 800 gpm (3,028 lpm). Irrigation scheduling not only lessened the water use and cost, but also amplified the profitability of the irrigation system. In design A, if all producers adopted 600 gpm (2,271 lpm) pivots and operated simultaneously, the cost of the 360,000 gpm (1363,000 lpm) pipeline would be prohibitive. In contrast, designs B, C, and D increased net benefits and lowered the breakeven price of cotton. The 50-year net present value for designs A, B, C, and D was profitable over 75, 70, 70, and 65 cents of cotton price per pound (454 g), respectively. Thus, this study endorses irrigation scheduling as a tool for efficient irrigation development and management, and increases water conservation.</span></p>

The Use of Cost-Benefit Analysis for Evaluating Efficiency of Public Investment Projects (The Case of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic Games)

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Efficiency ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Usa

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

Feasibility of Repurposing Offshore Decommissioned Gas Rigs into Fish Farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saptarshi Pal ◽  
Chengi Kuo
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Artificial Reef ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Fish Farms

Abstract In the past 70 years the world has relied extensively for its energy needs based on hydrocarbons produced significantly offshore. In recent years many installations with fixed platforms and pipelines are reaching the end of their useful life and are required by law to be decommissioned and removed if an approved alternative use cannot be found. This process coincides with focus on decarbonization arising from global warming and climate change. The conventional way of decommissioning is to remove the structure and take it onshore for disposal. Such an activity costs around £28 million for smaller UKCS installations in the Southern North Sea. Possible alternative solutions include their use as a research-leisure complex and artificial reef. Such an approach would have less impact on the environment and it is therefore worthwhile to explore the feasibility of repurposing these decommissioned UKCS platforms. The paper begins by highlighting the background to UKCS offshore decommissioning and farming fish life-cycle. This is followed by a critical review of the three options of total and partial removals and leave-on-site. It is found that repurposing decommissioned platforms for aquaculture farm has not been given sufficient attention and thus offers scope for a project to explore the feasibility of such a solution. Existing offshore fish farming in various countries are examined before using a decision-making matrix to select the most suitable UKCS installation for conversion and this led to using a normally unattended gas platform for the case study. The focus for this paper is on design and operation of an unattended fish farm and its cost benefit analysis. The former covers fish cage selection, capacity calculation, fish handling procedures, fish feed characteristics, feed demand, designing feed logistics and storage system. The processing facilities are layout on two decks and power needs are generated using a hybrid system of diesel and Li-ion battery. The possibility of using renewable sources by connecting to wind energy grids was also considered. For the latter capital and operating expenditure, revenue generated and maintenance costs are estimated before performing net present value prediction of the profitability of the fish farm over 10 years with for example up to 8 cages and three discount rates. The main conclusions derived are: It is technically feasible to convert a decommissioned gas platform to a fish farm and the operation can be economic. However, liability transfer implications in a repurposed offshore decommissioned gas platforms to fish farms were not established to verify the project viability. The conversion of unattended offshore gas platforms in the UKCS to an automated offshore fish farm is a novel solution which has not been implemented in the North Sea before. The work will provide an economic and environmental friendly solution to decommissioning offshore platforms and provide with a possible profitable investment.

Cost–benefit analysis of water conservation systems installed in household buildings in Nairobi County

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
James Shikuku ◽  
Gerryshom Munala ◽  
Mugwima Njuguna ◽  
Teckla Muhoro ◽  
Andrew Gremley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis

scholarly journals Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

A Comparative Analysis between Coal-Bed Methane and Shale Gas in China Based on Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 794-799
Author(s):  
Liang Yu Xia ◽  
Jing Yi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Coal Bed Methane ◽  
Single Well

Owing to the growing gap of natural gas between supply and demand in China, the unconventional natural gas, including coal-bed methane (CBM) and shale gas, has been considered as strategic energy sources. An assessment by China’s Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR) announced that China has potentially resources of 36.7 trillion cubic meters of CBM and 25 trillion cubic meters of shale gas, larger than those of the U.S. Controversial views about their commercial prospects and priorities in order are available. This research aims at exploring which is more economically viable and worth the priority. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) based on average single well data is employed to carry out a comparative analysis between two typical fields, the coal-bed methane (CBM) fields in the Qinshui basin and the shale gas fields in Sichuan basin. The net present value (NPV), the internal rate of return (IRR) and the payback period are used as indicators in this analysis. The results indicate that CBM is superior to shale gas in viability under the current technological and economic conditions, and the future of the CBM industry is clearer than that of the shale gas industry, but the latter is still promising if the drilling costs can be reduced significantly with technical progress. We suggest that the CBM industry should be given the priority to, and the policy for shale gas should focus on promoting technical innovations.

Environmental costs and their impact on the net present value of a hydro-electric project in Kerala, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Santhakumar ◽  
Achin Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the operational procedures involved in incorporating the environmental costs in the cost–benefit analysis of a hydro-electric project. The proposed project, if implemented, would result in the loss of 2,800 hectares of tropical forests and dislocation of two settlements of about 200 families who are currently dependent on the forests for their livelihood. The forests are mainly used for extracting reed – a material used both by traditional artisans and the paper-pulp industry. The potential environmental costs and benefits of the project are identified and approximate estimates of some of these costs are made for items such as carbon sequestration, bio-diversity, and so on, based on similar estimates made elsewhere. These estimated environmental costs are incorporated into the analysis, and the hypothetical estimate of the non-use value, which would make the project's net benefit zero, is estimated under different discount rates. The analysis brings into sharp focus some crucial factors that have a direct bearing on the social trade-off involved in the project choice.

Technical and Economic Evaluation of Three Types of Tomato Nutrient Solutions under Semi-Controlled Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lady Arbelaez ◽  
John Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Hurtado-Salazar ◽  
Nelson Ceballos-Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
General Production ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three types of nutrient solutions on the development, performance, quality and cost of chonto tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) under semi-controlled conditions. The assessment was conducted in the farm Tesorito, Manizales, Colombia. An experimental design was established in randomized complete blocks (RCB), with 3 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment and 10 effective plants per replicate. The variables were: height of the first cluster, production per plant, yield t ha-1 and qualities of the fruit. The economic variables were production costs, cost-benefit ratio (C/BR), rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). In general, production per plant was greater than 4.7 kg plant<sup>-1</sup> and the average yield was 92 t ha<sup>-1</sup>. The use of conventional fertilization (tt2) generated increased production of premium quality fruit with a value of 37.11 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, demonstrating that conventional soil fertilization implemented in this culture under semi-controlled conditions in the company of drip irrigation system in the root zone improve outcomes of productive variables, increasing profitability and competitiveness with a net profit of USD$ $ 25203.68 ha<sup>-1</sup>, with average selling price of USD$ 0.45 per kilogram and a unit production margin of USD$ 0.21 per kilogram, making this technology attractive and economically viable.</p>

Cost Benefit Analysis of Industrial Noise Regulation

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Holland ◽  
Jean Cross
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Occupational Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Regulatory Change ◽  
Present Value

This paper examines the application of the techniques of economic analysis to occupational health and safety regulations using occupational noise as an example. The paper explores the extent to which economic impact studies are practically feasible and useful in relation to occupational health and safety legislation. Six studies of the same regulatory change, from four countries were analysed. The results of these studies ranged from a strongly negative to a significantly positive net present value, depending on the assumptions made. The factor which had the greatest influence on these differences was the way in which benefits are costed. It is shown that in the field of Occupational Health and Safety, economic analysis does not produce a single valid net present value or benefit to cost ratio on which a decision to legislate can sensibly be based. However the analysis can, if properly directed provide useful information on factors which will enable organisations to optimise their response to the regulation and authorities to introduce regulations in a way which does not bear with unreasonable weight on specific sectors of the community.

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