scholarly journals Economic impacts of partial harvesting: Mitigating mid-term timber supply shortages as a result of pest outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Torben Jensen ◽  
Jean-Martin Lussier
Keyword(s):  
Class Structure ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Eastern Spruce Budworm ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Supply Analysis ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Mature Stands

Natural disturbances such as pest outbreaks have a significant impact on forest dynamics and services, including the loss of mature stands. From a wood production perspective, these disturbances can lead to long-lasting imbalances in the overall age-class structure of the forest, potentially resulting in a shortage of mature harvestable stands. Researchers from Natural Resources Canada’s (NRCan) Canadian Forest Service (CFS) have made a timber supply analysis of the Dunière forest located in the centre of the Gaspé Peninsula (Québec). This region suffers from an age-class structure imbalance caused by an eastern spruce budworm (ESB) outbreak that ended in 1984, and is consequently facing a reduced annual allowable cut, leading to long- term implications for the regional forest sector. The authors suggest that partial harvesting – the removal of a proportion of timber in a mature stand several years before a final cut is carried out – is a promising opportunity in the ESB-affected area for mitigating mid-term timber supply shortages by smoothing the fibre supply over time.

Land base models for forest resource supply analysis: a critical review

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 965-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Parks ◽  
Ralph J. Alig
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Forest Resource ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Land Use Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Models ◽  
Supply Analysis ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Dynamics Models

Land base models in regional forest resource supply analyses project area changes in forest vegetation and land use. Models of forest vegetation dynamics are classified according to the basic modeling unit (canopy gap and forest); land use dynamics models are classified according to technique (inventory–descriptive, normative, and positive). Relationships among models used in analyzing timber supply are reviewed, including necessary links between models of forest vegetation dynamics and land use dynamics.

Using salvage logging and tolerance to risk to reduce the impact of forest fires on timber supply calculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leduc ◽  
P.Y. Bernier ◽  
N. Mansuy ◽  
F. Raulier ◽  
S. Gauthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Forest Age ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Burn Rate ◽  
The Impact

It is acknowledged that natural forest fires cannot and even should not be eliminated from the North American boreal forest. Forest fires produce immediate losses of wood volume, disrupt the conversion of the actual forest age structure into a target structure, and prevent planned timber supply (PTS) levels from being achieved. In this paper, we explore the extent to which periodic shortfalls in available timber under various burn rates can be mitigated through salvage logging and the tolerance of forest managers to a given level of shortfall, both as a function of forest age class structure. Simulations are done using both a deterministic and a stochastic representation of burn rate over time. Results show that the frequency of shortfall events can be reduced by salvage logging and by the introduction of measures that generate a tolerance to shortfall and that this mitigation potential is influenced by initial forest age class structure and burn rate. Results also show that even a 100% rate of salvage logging cannot fully compensate for timber losses to fire and eliminate fire-induced timber shortfalls. Furthermore, interannual burn rate variability reduces the efficiency of both mitigation measures. As the PTS is never realized under fire risk, the real cost of opting for different PTS scenarios should be estimated not from the difference in PTS but rather from the more realistic difference in realized timber harvest.

Commercial thinning to provide harvest stability to forests with an unbalanced age class distribution

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Jamnick ◽  
Ted Needham ◽  
Marshall Bateman
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Habitat Protection ◽  
Class Distribution ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Commercial Thinning ◽  
Supply Analysis ◽  
Mature Stands

Maintaining harvest stability while minimizing volume losses to mortality is a challenge in forests characterized by an unbalanced age-class distribution with an overabundance of "over-mature" and too few 'mature' stands. In many areas with this situation, emphasis is on harvesting over-mature stands and regenerating them quickly at defined density and stocking levels to minimize the eventual wood supply downfall. However, silvicultural activities in stands at other stages of development are often neglected. Wood supply analysis of a spruce-fir forest with the above characteristics indicated that both harvest stability and maintenance of the total volume harvested could be obtained by commercial thinning in mature stands. In addition, the treatment may have other benefits such as habitat protection. Defining the specifics of the treatment is required to move from consideration at the strategic level to operational implementation.

A stochastic characterisation of the natural disturbance regime of the boreal mixedwood forest with implications for sustainable forest management

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen W Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Boreal Mixedwood Forest ◽  
Random Draw ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Burn Rate

The annual area burned on an 8.6 × 106 ha study area in the boreal mixedwood forest of northeastern Alberta, Canada, was characterised as a serially independent random draw from a lognormal distribution. This characterisation was applied in Monte Carlo simulations, which showed that estimates of the mean annual burn rates, even with long sample periods, are highly imprecise. Monte Carlo simulation was also used to simulate the development of a forest subject to lognormally distributed annual burn rate in an attempt to characterise the equilibrium age-class structure. No equilibrium age-class structure could be identified from the simulation results. The validity of equilibrium age-class distribution models (e.g., the negative exponential and Weibull) and analysis that relies on these models is questioned for forests where the annual burn rate is highly variable.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST SECTOR IN A FOREST-POOR REGION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VORONEZH REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Irina Zinoveva ◽  
Olga Pecherskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the directions of development of the region of the forestry sector of low-forest use on the example of the Voronezh region, highlights the factors and conditions for sustainable development and regional forest policy, principles, principles of compatibility of the compatibility of the use of forest resources in one area. It is emphasized that for sparsely wooded regions it is advisable to conduct economic activities within the framework of public-private partnerships associated with ensuring the protection and protection of forests, afforestation and reforestation, that is, activities related to the creation of a resource region. It is noted that the non-resource use of forests due to the disclosure of the recreational potential of the territory contributes not only to the development of the regional economy, but also satisfies the population's need for recreation, allowing to restore the lost working capacity. Forest plots from the lands of the forest fund of the Voronezh region in 2018-2020 were provided for permanent (unlimited) use, rent, free fixed-term use. The analysis showed an increase in the number of contracts for the implementation of recreational activities, construction, reconstruction, operation of linear objects, as well as hunting. With the aim of a balanced use of forest resources, taking into account the impact on the development of the regional economy, the criteria for choosing a priority direction of forest use were determined.

Are forest sector firms maximizing the economic returns from their timber? Evidence from British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Nelson ◽  
David Cohen ◽  
William Nikolakis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Industry Value Chain

Understanding the components of the forest value chain and linkages is essential in designing a system that will maximize the economic value of Canadian fibre. A key part of the system is how firms incorporate the fibre quality and attributes of their timber supply into the decision over what kinds of products to manufacture. The linkage between timber supply and how firms decide to utilize fibre is critically important, especially in Canada, where government policy plays a key role in governing access to fibre. We explore this question by looking at whether firms try to maximize the economic return from their fibre, or instead focus on other objectives such as maximizing the production volume they can generate from their timber supply. We surveyed sawmills and woodland managers in British Columbia in the Fall of 2006 and focused on a particular characteristic—the extent to which sawmills and operations are responding to value-based signals rather than to other kinds of signals. We found that the majority of BC forest sector firms we interviewed are emphasizing volume-based measures on a daily basis, whether they are in sawmill or woodlands operations, and while economic measures become more important as the period lengthens, it is unclear as to how firms reconcile these 2 different types of measures. Key words: organizational behaviour, firm operations, Canadian forest industry, value chain optimization

scholarly journals Can the Global Forest Sector Survive 11 °C Warming?

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Favero ◽  
Robert Mendelsohn ◽  
Brent Sohngen
Keyword(s):  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Forest Economic ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Far Future

Although most global forest economic studies have found that warming is likely to increase forest supply, these studies have examined only the limited warming expected through 2100. This study extends the analysis out to 2250 to test much higher levels of warming to examine very long term effects. Future warming is predicted to steadily increase forest productivity, with global timber supply predicted to increase through 2250, even with warming up to 11 °C warming. However, natural forestland and biomass will shrink. This result suggests far future forests will not be able to hold the same stock of carbon they hold today.

Influence of Swiss needle cast on foliage age-class structure and vertical foliage distribution in Douglas-fir plantations in north coastal Oregon

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R Weiskittel ◽  
Douglas A Maguire ◽  
Sean M Garber ◽  
Alan Kanaskie
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Crown Structure ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Swiss Needle Cast

Swiss needle cast (SNC) causes premature loss of foliage and subsequent growth decline in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). Although the mechanisms leading to this growth decline include loss of photosynthetic surface area and physiological disruption of surviving foliage, estimating the relative contribution of these two primary sources requires precise quantification of SNC effects on total foliage mass, foliage age-class structure, and vertical foliage distribution. The effect of SNC severity on these crown structural attributes was tested across a range of stand densities and site qualities in 10- to 60-year-old plantations in north coastal Oregon. Foliage mass in each age-class was sampled at the branch level, and the resulting equations were applied to all live branches on intensively measured sample trees. Vertical distribution of each foliage age-class was described by a beta distribution fitted to each sample tree, and sources of variation in vertical distribution were tested by regressing beta parameter estimates on SNC intensity and other covariates representing tree, stand, and site attributes. Distribution of foliage mass by age-class and by relative height in the crown was significantly affected by SNC severity, in addition to other covariates such as crown size and tree social position. SNC caused a reduction in the amount of foliage in each age-class and greater relative representation of younger needles. SNC also shifted the mode of relative vertical distribution toward the top of the tree for the three youngest foliage age-classes, but toward the base of the crown for 4- and 5-year-old foliage. Quantification of foliage age-class structure and vertical distribution across a range of SNC severity has helped to establish diagnostic criteria for assessing changes in crown structure that precede declines in growth and vigor. The induced changes in crown structure will also help to identify the relative contribution of several mechanisms causing growth losses in diseased trees.

Modeling carbon sequestration with CO2Fix and a timber supply model for use in forest management planning

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 219-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Neilson ◽  
D. A. MacLean ◽  
P. A. Arp ◽  
F. -R. Meng ◽  
C. P-A. Bourque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Mathematical Problem ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Timber Supply ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
C Stocks

Carbon (C) dynamics and forest management have become integrated in recent years, largely due to the Kyoto Protocol stipulating that forest C changes may be accountable in an emissions framework. A C stock modeling framework for forest managers is introduced in this paper. Empirical growth and yield models are used to develop sustainable timber supply for forest companies. These models use linear programming to solve the complex mathematical problem of timing and allocation of forest harvest and silviculture interventions. In this paper, we evaluated the effects of “business as usual”forest management versus management objectives to maximize C sequestration. Goal programming was used to minimize the deviation of two goals for C forest management: maximizing C in the forest, and maximizing the return on investment (net present value of forest timber products). Species-specific wood-to-C content conversion factors were used to parameterize the amount of C in forest stands on Canadian Forces Base Gagetown forest lands in New Brunswick, Canada. Goal programming reduced the loss of revenue associated with increasing C stocks in the forest. Partial harvesting and high valued end-products tended to increase C stocks and provided a higher return on investment in the simulations. Key words: Carbon stock modeling framework, forest, goal programming, partial harvesting, timber supply

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