THE ROOT DEVELOPMENT OF RED PINE (PINUS RESINOSA AIT.) SEEDLINGS IN RELATION TO VARIOUS SOIL CONDITIONS

1960 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Armson ◽  
J. R. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Red pine seedlings were grown in calcareous and non-calcareous, weathered and non-weathered, compacted and loose soils for approximately three months. The root development of the seedlings at the end of this period was found to be reduced only by the compacted soil treatment, no other treatment had any significant effects.The calcium concentration of the tops of those seedlings grown in calcareous soil was approximately double the concentration of those grown in non-calcareous soils.

Poor Vertical Root Development May Contribute to Suppression in a Red Pine Plantation

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. F. Fayle
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Suppression Process

Initial stem and root growth of trees that became suppressed within 30 years in a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation were poorer than those that became codominants. Stem and horizontal root extension improved later but then declined. The likelihood of suppression may have been initiated at or before planting. Inadequate development, perhaps through chance, of vertical roots that could tap moisture-holding layers at the 2.8 m depth in the well-drained loamy sand soil contributed to the suppression process.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of zinc oxide on growth and photosynthetic traits of cherry tomato under calcareous soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Hasan Sardar ◽  
Safina Naz ◽  
Shaghef Ejaz ◽  
Omer Farooq ◽  
Atique-ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
B Vitamin

Tomato is considered as a valuable vegetable crop all over the world. It prefers loose, well drained loamy soils rich in organic matter. In Pakistan, mostly soils are calcareous in nature. In calcareous soils, the production of tomato crop is low because of zinc deficiency. Therefore, current study was aimed to examine the potential of foliar application of zinc oxide in tomato cultivar Tiny Tim Cherry in calcareous soil conditions. In the current study, all the studied traits i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of branches per plant, number of leaves, number of flowers per plant, fruit weight and yield per plant were significantly higher after foliar application of zinc oxide (30 ppm) and significantly lower in controlled treatment as compared to other treatments of zinc oxide. The maximum total soluble solids (TSS), chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, vitamin C, flavonoids, carotenoids and phenolics were recorded in plants treated with 30 ppm of zinc oxide as compared to other treatments. However, the highest acidity was calculated in 10 ppm, while the lowest acidity was measured in 0 ppm (control). Conclusively, foliar application of Zn has potential to increase the nutritional components of tomato fruits.

scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

Effects of Hebeloma arenosa and phosphorus fertility on growth of red pine (Pinus resinosa) seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet MacFall ◽  
Steven A. Slack ◽  
Jaya Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Tissue Concentrations ◽  
Unamended Soil ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Red pine seedlings (Pinus resinosa Ait.) were grown in a pasteurized Sparta loamy fine sand (8–12 ppm P) amended with five levels (0, 17, 34, 68, or 136 mg/kg P) of added superphosphate. Trees for each fertility treatment were grown in containers for 19 weeks with and without addition of Hebeloma arenosa inoculum to soil. In P-unamended soil, all inoculated trees formed abundant mycorrhizae and had 12 times the root and 8 times the shoot dry weights of nonmycorrhizal trees. Degree of fungal colonization and growth enhancement decreased with increased P additions to soil. In soil with the highest level of added P, mycorrhizal colonization and growth promotion effects were not observed. Seedling tissue concentrations of P and K were increased with fungal colonization. Iron was preferentially accumulated in the roots of mycorrhizal trees, with reduced translocation to shoots. In P-unamended soil, nonmycorrhizal plants had greater concentrations of Cu, B, Na, and Co compared with either mycorrhizal seedlings or plants grown in P-amended soil. Key words: ectomycorrhizae, roots, plant nutrition.

Effects of Hebeloma arenosa on growth and survival of container-grown red pine seedlings (Pinus resinosa)

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. MacFall ◽  
S. A. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fungal Inoculum ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Production Conditions

The ability of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebelomaarenosa Burdsall, MacFall & Albers to enhance growth and survival of container-grown red pine seedlings (Pinusresinosa Ait.) was investigated. Shoot height of H. arenosa inoculated seedlings was 28% greater than noninoculated seedlings when grown without fertilizer applications. Eight-week-old seedlings transplanted into a Ball mix (a mixture of peat, bark, and perlite) containing up to a 1:64 dilution of fungal inoculum had significantly greater root dry weights and root/shoot ratios than noninoculated seedlings when grown for an additional 14 weeks. Under experimental greenhouse conditions, root and shoot dry weights of container-grown red pine seedlings that had been directly seeded into Ball mix containing up to a 1:256 dilution of fungal inoculum were significantly greater than weights measured for noninoculated seedlings. Root and shoot dry weights of container-grown seedlings seeded directly into a 1:5 dilution of H. arenosa inoculum and Ball mix and then grown under commercial production conditions were greater than comparable weights of noninoculated seedlings. Hebelomaarenosa inoculation significantly increased seedling survival following outplanting, but did not increase seedling growth. Hebelomaarenosa did not colonize roots growing from the root plug into the surrounding soil.

Simazine Distribution and Degradation in Red Pine Seedlings

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Dhillon ◽  
W. R. Byrnes ◽  
C. Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Whole Plants

Distribution and degradation of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine (simazine) at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppmw in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings were investigated using 14C-ring-labeled simazine dispersed in agar medium. Simazine readily entered red pine roots and moved rapidly into stem and needles. Accumulation was greatest in roots, next in stems, and least in needles. Significant differences in simazine uptake by roots were observed among concentrations between 5 and 20 ppmw in the incubation medium. Radiochromatographic scans revealed that a small amount of simazine was degraded to three unknown compounds by both fresh and boiled homogenates from whole plants, needles, stems, and roots. There were no observable differences in the amount of simazine degraded by homogenates of each separate plant part.

Later events in suppression of Fusarium root rot of red pine seedlings by the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Farquhar ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Free System ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Rooting Medium

Colonization of primary roots of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings by two isolates of the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend Snyd. & Hans. f.sp. pini in a sterile, soil-free system and a nonsterile rooting medium was suppressed for 2 months if the roots were exposed to the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus (Batsch.) Fr. for 1 week before being inoculated with the pathogen. Roots of protected seedlings harboured only a few hyphae of the pathogen. These were either vacuolated or filled with slightly electron-dense substances and did not penetrate host cells. In contrast, roots of seedlings not inoculated by P. involutus were extensively colonized by F. oxysporum, and host tissue vacuolation and disorganization occurred. Papillae, consisting of either small protuberances or elongate projections, were infrequently formed in response to infection. Chlamydospores of F. oxysporum that formed in the sterile system had numerous lipid deposits and amorphous thick walls but few mitochondria and little endoplasmic reticulum. Key words: biological control, ectomycorrhiza, Fusarium, Pinus resinosa, disease suppression.

The role of cotyledons in early development of pine seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sasaki ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Partial Reduction ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Proportional Decrease

The role of photosynthetically active cotyledons on development of young red pine (pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings, and especially on growth of primary needles, was studied over a 30-day period. Photosynthesis of cotyledons, as measured with an infrared CO2 analyzer, was variously reduced by photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides (atrazine, simazine, propazine, monuron), by reduced light intensity, or by combinations of these. When photosynthesis of cotyledons was completely eliminated shortly after seed germination, the primary needles failed to expand, and dry weight production by seedlings was inhibited. Partial reduction of photosynthesis by herbicides, low light intensity, or both of these was followed by proportional decrease in expansion of primary needles and reduction in dry weight increment of seedlings. Reduced photosynthesis in cotyledons inhibited expansion of primary needles rather than formation of their primordia which occurred early in ontogeny. Growth of cotyledons appeared to utilize carbohydrate reserves to a large extent as cotyledons of many plants emerged even in the dark.

Growth and survival of ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal seedlings of Pinus resinosa on iron tailings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. LoBuglio ◽  
H. E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Root Collar

The survival and growth of ectomycorrhizal and ectendomycorrhizal red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings transplanted from a nursery onto iron tailings were examined. Seedlings were inoculated with the E-strain fungus BDG-58 (Complexipes sp. Walker emend. Yang & Korf), Phialophora finlandia Wang & Wilcox, Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, or Suillus subluteus (Peck) Snell ex Slipp & Snell. The first two isolates are ectendomycorrhizal fungi and the last two ectomycorrhizal fungi. Two-year field data on the tailings indicated a mycorrhizal treatment effect only in root-collar diameter at the end of the first growing season. The mycorrhizal treatments had a higher survival rate than the controls, with BDG-58 and Ph. finlandia seedlings having the greatest percent survival. Results from freehand root sections indicated that ectendomycorrhizae persisted in young roots of 4-year-old red pine seedlings that had been transplanted 2 years previously.

scholarly journals Growth, chlorophyll content and productivity responses of maize to magnesium sulphate application in calcareous soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 792-800
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmed ◽  
Umama Habib ◽  
Uzma Younis ◽  
Inam Irshad ◽  
Subhan Danish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Soil Application

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) is an essential plant macronutrient responsible for modulating many physiological or biochemical processes such as photosynthetic activity, amino acid synthesis and nucleotide metabolism. Agricultural soils with a more-than-adequate availability of calcium (Ca) have inherent Mg deficiency, potentially resulting in overall reduced soil productivity and crop yield potential. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the optimum soil application of Mg to increase crop growth and productivity under calcareous soil conditions. In addition to recommended soil application of mineral fertilizers, we applied the following four levels of Mg to the soil in the form of anhydrous MgSO4: control, 4 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg4), 8 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg8) and 16 kg Mg ha−1 (Mg16). Results showed that Mg16 application enhanced the plant height (21%), number of grains (18%), 1,000 grains weight (20%), grain yield (20%) and biological yield (9%) over control (p ≤ 0.05). Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were generally higher at the Mg8 and Mg16 levels than at the control level. Contrasting to increases in growth traits, the concentration of K significantly decreased in grains, leaves and shoots of maize along the soil’s Mg gradient (p ≤ 0.05). We suggest that Mg16 overcomes the deficiency of soil Mg and can increase the crop yield traits in calcareous soils. More investigations of the effect of soil Mg on various crops grown in calcareous soils may add to our knowledge related to the stressing impact of soil Mg on plant K concentration.

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