Development Trends in Swedish Silviculture and Some Comparisons with European Countries

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Eric Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Silvicultural Practice ◽  
Humus Accumulation

This paper is mainly concerned with progress in silvicultural practice in Sweden and the other Scandinavian countries. Reference is made to a forestry act which has been in force in Sweden since the beginning of the century and which has led to an over-emphasis on the thinning of older crops in preference to final felling. At the same time labour shortages and other factors have caused a neglect of thinning in younger crops.The small farm-forest units which are common in Scandinavia are now seen as a special problem in achieving rationalization of forest management. Co-operation to achieve larger management units is considered important.Although increasing emphasis is being placed on artificial regeneration, some 50% of Swedish forests are still being regenerated by means of seed trees. In future, intensive methods of artificial regeneration are expected to be concentrated in forests with a high productive potential. The availability of better quality planting stock has also made it possible to plant smaller numbers of trees per acre and still achieve satisfactory results.Prescribed burning is no longer considered advantageous except in areas of thick humus accumulation in Northern Sweden and to dispose of logging waste. Extensive trials are also being carried out with new types of ploughs and planting machines.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Forest Management Non-Conformities to FSC Standards in Different European Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aureliu Florin HALALISAN ◽  
Florin IORAS ◽  
Henn KORJUS ◽  
Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC ◽  
Bruno MARIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Community Relations ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Certification Process ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of this study was to assess the most frequent non-conformities identified in different European countries in the processes of forest management certification according to FSC standards. A total of 31 active certificates from five countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Estonia, Romania, Slovenia and the United Kingdom) were analysed, including all active certificates (as of 1st of June 2014) from three countries along with a sample of 13 FSC certificates issued in the UK and one certificate covering 95% of the certified forest area in Slovenia. 253 non-conformities in relation to FSC standard requirements were identified as formulated by the audit teams and the most frequently identified non-conformities in the certification process were those related to Principle 6 - Environmental impact (34%), Principle 4 - Community relations and worker’s rights (17%) and Principle 8 - Monitoring and Assessment (13%). A slight positive correlation was noticed between the FSC certified area and the total number of non-conformities, with a closer link in the case of Principle 9 - Maintenance of high conservation value forests, and Principle 4. The non-conformities related to Principles 4, 6 and 9 appeared to be significantly influenced in occurrence by country development; less often in the UK compared with the other four countries.

scholarly journals Methods and Treatments Used To Secure Natural Regeneration in British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
J. R. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Forest Management Practices ◽  
Recent Increase

Natural regeneration will continue to play an important role in forest management practices in British Columbia despite the recent increase in artificial regeneration. It is anticipated that by the time the artificial regeneration programme has been fully developed, up to fifty per cent of the areas logged will be restocked artificially, leaving the other fifty per cent to restock naturally.

Comparative Analysis of Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar’s Travels to European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Aysel KAMAL ◽  
Sinem ATIS
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Young Lady ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
The West ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Art And Architecture

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar (1901-1962) is one of the most controversial authors in the 20th century Turkish literature. Literature critics find it difficult to place him in a school of literature and thought. There are many reasons that they have caused Tanpinar to give the impression of ambiguity in his thoughts through his literary works. One of them is that he is always open to (even admires) the "other" thought to a certain age, and he considers synthesis thinking at later ages. Tanpinar states in the letter that he wrote to a young lady from Antalya that he composed the foundations of his first period aesthetics due to the contributions from western (French) writers. The influence of the western writers on him has also inspired his interest in the materialist culture of the West. In 1953 and 1959 he organized two tours to Europe in order to see places where Western thought and culture were produced. He shared his impressions that he gained in European countries in his literary works. In the literary works of Tanpinar, Europe comes out as an aesthetic object. The most dominant facts of this aesthetic are music, painting, etc. In this work, in the writings of Tanpinar about the countries that he travelled in Europe, some factors were detected like European culture, lifestyle, socio-cultural relations, art and architecture, political and social history and so on. And the effects of European countries were compared with Tanpinar’s thought and aesthetics. Keywords: Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, Europe, poetry, music, painting, culture, life

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

MAIN SPECIFICATIONS OF ASSESSING ACTIVITIES OF MINOR IMPORTANCE OF IN MODERN CRIMINAL LAW

Law and World ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Detailed Review

The research includes the full and the detailed overview of assessing activities of minor importance in Georgian Criminal Law. The Article 7 of the Criminal Code of Georgia states the following: a crime shall not be an action that, although formally containing the signs of a crime, has not produced, for minor importance, the prejudice that would require criminal liability of its perpetrator, or has not created the risk of such harm. The research includes the main criteria of defining activities as activities of minor importance. The detailed review of Georgian case law is also introduced, as well as, legislation, judicial literature and experience of the other European countries.

Comment

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
PETER PLIMSOLL ◽  
JOHN ALLRED ◽  
ALAN R THOMAS ◽  
FRANK JANNOCK ◽  
FRANK ATKINSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Official Publication ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
Civil Codes

THE CIVIL CODES of most European countries have, for several decades, required official publication of company details in government gazettes. Thus librarians in each EEC country have enjoyed the availability of an official bulletin, published daily or bi‐weekly: in France, for example, it is called Bulletin officiel des annonces commerciales, a daily document of 70–80 double column pages containing full details of registrations, changes and cessations of all forms of business enterprises, (not only limited companies), together with an index to all personal and business names mentioned. The publication started in 1926 and now costs 50 centimes per issue or Frs 60 in France (c £5) per year. Similar documents at comparable prices are published by the other EEC governments and Denmark too.

Geography and the Gerrymander

1918 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. O. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Major Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Partial Suppression ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
The Individual

The gerrymander is an American name for a political abuse, which, though by no means exclusively American, has been most widely practiced and generally tolerated in this country. It is a device for the partial suppression of public opinion that simulates agreement with democratic institutions. The subterfuge, therefore, has no place in countries in which oligarchic control is legitimized. Nor is it suited to European conditions, because it is difficult there to shift electoral boundaries. European electoral units in large part have a clearly defined historical basis, which in turn rests upon geographic coherence. This solidarity is commonly so great that it cannot be disregarded. American political divisions on the other hand show in major part very imperfect adjustment to economic and historic conditions, largely, because many of the divisions were created in advance of such conditions. They are, in the main, not gradual growths, but deliberate and arbitrary legislative creations, made without adequate knowledge of the conditions that make for unity or disunity of population within an area. Political divisions tend, therefore, to be less significant than in European countries and to be regarded more lightly. It is in particular the smaller unit, such as the county, that has been manipulated for electoral purposes. In spite of their poorly drawn individual boundaries, groups of counties can be organized into larger electoral units in such a manner as to represent a common body of interests predominating. On the other hand they can be so arranged as to mask these interests. The lack of proper coherence in the individual county may be rectified in large measure in the group, or it may be intensified. Gerrymandering accomplishes the latter result.

A study of in-patients aged 60 years and over treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dundee Royal Infirmary, in 1983

1985 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
C. D. T. Low
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Special Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Delayed Healing ◽  
Available Resources

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the extent to which elderly patients constitute a special problem in plastic surgery. In 1983 patients aged 60 years and over accounted for 3 7% of all admissions to the plastic surgery ward at the Dundee Royal Infirmary and 52% of all patient-days there; they tended to stay longer than other patients and cost the Health Service more than £130000. About one-third of admissions were as a direct result of accidents; of the other two-thirds, the majority was for the treatment of malignancies. In the study, special consideration was given to delayed healing after surgery and other problems arising while these patients were in hospital, and the reasons for prolonged stays. The study confirms that there is a problem which is stretching available resources.

scholarly journals Social Bonding dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat: Upaya Menuju Masyarakat Hutan yang Sejahtera

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Khabib Bima Setiyawan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Bonding Capital ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

<div><p class="ABSTRAKen">The forest is the source of livelihood of the community around it, forest sustainbility management become important thing to do to ensure the sustainbility of the forest. This research discusses about forest management strategies in the Berjo village, in which consist of three different institutions, they are Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura), Perusahaan Hutan Negara Indonesia (Perhutani), and Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH). the aim of this research is to find out the forest management strategies, methode in this research is qualitaive with case studies approach, this research conducted in the village of Berjo, Karangayar city. Purposive sampling is used to select the respondents. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis of the data using the in interactive functional analysis and validation of data using triangulation of sources. The results showed that forest management is achieved by collaboration among Government and non government institutions with their Sosial Bonding Capital which allows for interaction in sharing knowledge as well as glue relations between groups. Social Bonding is owned by LMDH and Tahura are on the intermediate level which means they obey formal but on the other hand they approach at the level of values, culture, and perception. While the relationship between the LMDH (a unit of BUMN) and Tahura (units of goverment departmen) are on the level of social capital that embraced a formalvalue corresponding their jobs desk which are conservation and production of the forest. LMDH along with Perhutani in forest management through partnership relationship. They work togehter in the safeguarding of forests and open tourist attraction. Whereas in the greening of the forest, the Perhutani, the LMDH Tahura and do reforestation.</p></div><p><em><br /></em></p>

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