Use of Electrophoresis in Tree Improvement Programs

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Cheliak ◽  
F. C. H. Yeh ◽  
J. A. Pitel
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Relative Fertility

Some application of isozyme technology in tree improvement programs are discussed. The connection between single-gene enzyme products and classical Mendelian genes is developed to provide the framework for an understanding of the utility of single genes. Three main applications for this technology in tree improvement programs are identified. The first is for registration and certification of pedigrees of families and clones. Secondly, isozymes can often be used to more accurately ascribe relative species purity in cases where hybridization occurs between two parental taxa Finally, these single gene markers can be used extensively in seed orchards to estimate mating systems, elucidate mating patterns among orchard clones, establish relative fertility, determine relative proportions of contamination, and quantitatively describe patterns of effective pollen flow in the orchard. Costs of running an electrophoresis laboratory are discussed.

Carbofuran Trials in a Red Pine Seed Orchard

1987 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Rush ◽  
Ronald P. Overton ◽  
Raymond P. Guries ◽  
David J. Hall ◽  
Robert S. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract Seed and cone insects can drastically reduce seed yields from pine seed orchards and consequently reduce the profitability of entire tree improvement programs. Liquid and granular formulations of carbofuran both controlled the eastern pine seedworm, the red pine coneworm, the webbing coneworm, and a cone resin midge in field trials at a red pine seed orchard in southern Wisconsin. Both formulations substantially reduced the frequency of insect attacks when applied at the rate of 0.8 oz of active ingredient per inch of tree diameter. The percent of cones attacked by insects declined from 96% in untreated trees to 32% in trees treated with granular carbofuran and 11% in trees treated with liquid carbofuran. Some phytotoxicity was noted on trees treated with liquid carbofuran; phytotoxicity was much less apparent on trees treated with the granular formulation. Label amendments have been made to allow the operational use of carbofuran in northern pine seed orchards, and this may make northern tree improvement programs more profitable. North. J. Appl. For. 4:177-180, Dec. 1987.

Parental GCA testing: How many crosses per parent?

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Dominance Variation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Generation

The impact of increasing the number of crosses per parent (k) on the efficiency of roguing seed orchards (backwards selection, i.e., reselection of parents) was examined by using Monte Carlo simulation. Efficiencies were examined in light of advanced-generation Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) tree improvement programs where information is available from previous generations, seed orchards have reduced genetic variation as a result of selection, and dominance variation is small compared with additive variation. Both the efficiency of reselection and its associated variance leveled off after two or three crosses per parent. The information from previous generations did not significantly increase reselection efficiency.

Breeding for improved growth and juvenile corewood stiffness in slash pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Dudley A. Huber ◽  
Gregory L. Powell ◽  
Timothy L. White ◽  
Gary F. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Improvement Programs

The importance of integrating measures of juvenile corewood mechanical properties, modulus of elasticity in particular, with growth and disease resistance in tree improvement programs has increased. We investigated the utility of in-tree velocity stiffness measurements to estimate the genetic control of corewood stiffness and to select for trees with superior growth and stiffness in a progeny trial of 139 families of slash pine, Pinus elliottii Engelm. grown on six sites. Narrow-sense heritability estimates across all six sites for in-tree acoustic velocity stiffness at 8 years (0.42) were higher than observed for height (0.36) and diameter at breast height (DBH) (0.28) at 5 years. The overall type B genetic correlation across sites for velocity stiffness was 0.68, comparable to those found for DBH and volume growth, indicating that family rankings were moderately repeatable across all sites for these traits. No significant genetic correlations were observed between velocity stiffness, DBH, and volume growth. In contrast, a significant, but small, favorable genetic correlation was found between height and velocity stiffness. Twenty percent of the families had positive breeding values for both velocity stiffness and growth. The low cost, high heritability and nearly independent segregation of the genes involved with in-tree velocity stiffness and growth traits indicate that acoustic methods can be integrated into tree improvement programs to breed for improved corewood stiffness along with growth in slash pine.

scholarly journals Mining novel cell glycolysis related gene markers that can predict the survival of colon adenocarcinoma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihan Chen ◽  
Guodong Cao ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yida Lu ◽  
Xiaobo He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Abstract Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor, often occurring in the left colon, which is regulated by glycolysis-related processes. In past studies, multiple genes that influence the prognosis for survival have been discovered through bioinformatics analysis. However, the prediction of disease prognosis using a single gene is not an accurate method. In the present study, a mechanistic model was established to achieve better prediction for the prognosis of COAD. COAD-related data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were correlated with the glycolysis process using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to determine the glycolysis-related genes that regulate COAD. Using COX regression analysis, glycolysis-related genes associated with the prognosis of COAD were identified, and the genes screened to establish a predictive model. The risk scores of this model were correlated with relevant clinical data to obtain a connection diagram between the model and survival rate, tumor characteristic data, etc. Finally, genes in the model were correlated with cells in the tumor microenvironment, finding that they affected specific immune cells in the model. Seven genes related to glycolysis were identified (PPARGC1A, DLAT, 6PC2, P4HA1, STC2, ANKZF1, and GPC1), which affect the prognosis of patients with COAD and constitute the model for prediction of survival of COAD patients.

scholarly journals Optimization of Pollen Germination in Tectona grandis (Teak) for Breeding Programs

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 908
Author(s):  
Ana Hine ◽  
Alejandra Rojas ◽  
Lorenzo Suarez ◽  
Olman Murillo ◽  
Mario Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
High Price ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Operational Activities

Teak has become one of the most widely planted species in tropical regions of the world, given its high price for its timber in international markets. This has motivated the development of tree improvement programs in the Latin American region and in the tropical world in general. The latest advances have achieved clonal forestry at an operational scale. Recently, important efforts are being made to advance towards the next breeding generation, since knowledge about floral biology and pollen management have become important issues. A breeding program is being developed through the Tree Improvement Cooperative GENFORES—a vinculation model between the academy and forestry companies that was initiated in Costa Rica and now involves six Latin American countries. In order to advance into the next breeding generations, building capacities in topics such as pollen banks requires pollen quality, thus enabling the exchange of pollen among cooperative members. Pollen fertility studies are of considerable value in breeding programs, in order to determine pollen viability and germination in collections of genotypes, before going into mating operational activities. In this study, we optimized pollen quality analysis protocols in terms of the viability and germination of fresh teak pollen. Results of this research show that 90% viability and 28% germination can be achieved in fresh pollen grains, both inside and outside the anther, previously dehydrated in silica gel for 2 to 4 h (40% and 33% humidity, respectively). Brewbacker and Kwack (BK) medium at 10% of its salts + 10% sucrose and at a pH of 7 must be used as the germination medium. It is possible to evaluate teak pollen quality using the parameters defined in this study, which will in turn allow pollen management and purification, providing an opportunity for carrying out controlled crosses at an operational scale as part of teak breeding programs.

scholarly journals The Future of Tree Improvement in the Southeastern United States: Alternative Visions for the Next Decade

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.D. Byram ◽  
T.J. Mullin ◽  
T.L. White ◽  
J.P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Societal Expectations

Abstract The tree improvement programs founded in the southeastern United States 50 years ago have been the prototype for many silvicultural research programs around the world. During that time, they have been directly or indirectly responsible for much of the remarkable progress in forest productivity seen in the southeastern United States. They have also exported plant material, ideas, and trained professionals to many other parts of the world. These programs, models for collaborative research and development, are now entering a critical period fraught with both promise and peril. Extraordinary progress in both forest genetics and tree improvement is achievable during the next 10 years. Advances in physiology, genomics, and molecular biology provide tools to make rapid improvements in vegetative propagation, selection efficiencies, deployment strategies, and the possibility of creating crop trees with novel characteristics. This article discusses four main areas of concern that influence the future of tree improvement: economics, societal expectations, rate of scientific advancement, and organizational infrastructure. Key to the economic concerns are the restraints that arise from the fact that wood and fiber products are temporarily abundant in the global market. Under these conditions, tree improvement is restrained to adding value either by lowering production costs or by making qualitative changes capable of transforming the output into higher value specialty products. Key to the societal expectations is how tree improvement practitioners address the limits set by society on acceptable technology. We have a responsibility to shape public and corporate policies by helping evaluate the risks and benefits of alternative technologies. We have more control of the advancement of science and its silvicultural application. Nevertheless, advances in science occur at irregular intervals and are impossible to predict. The one area of our future that we collectively control is the infrastructure by which we organize our efforts. Criteria for successful infrastructure will be those that support continuity of effort, maximize return from limited resources, and foster cooperative research while simultaneously promoting the development of proprietary intellectual property. South. J. Appl. For. 29(2):88–95.

Fifth-Year Performance of Progenies of Selected South African Slash and Loblolly Pine Clones

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
John F. Kraus ◽  
Earl R. Sluder
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The South ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Seed Orchards ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Control-pollinated polymix progenies of 9 slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm.) and 10 loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine from some of the best clones in a South African tree improvement program were tested in Georgia. Overall, the progenies of the South African selections in both species have done well after five years in the field. One of the slash pine and three of the loblolly pine families were better than open-pollinated progeny from established seed orchards.

Tree Improvement Programs And Their Role in Canadian Forestry

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
A. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Tree Crop ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Integrated Program

The report reviews present tree improvement programs in Canada, the benefits which can be expected from these programs, and the need for genetically superior seed in Canada's future planting and seeding programs.Tree improvement has an important role to play in Canada's forest economy. The selection and use of genetically superior seed can result in appreciable gains in tree crop yield, crop security and wood quality. The costs of implementation of tree improvement programs per acre of land to be planted and seeded are relatively low compared with other means of increasing yield, and the potential returns on the investment are high. Small improvements in wood quality can greatly increase mill profits. The seed requirements for Canada's future planting and seeding programs can only be met by an integrated program of work by federal, provincial, industrial and university agencies on both research and development aspects of tree improvement.

Current trends in management practices for European larch in North America

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W Gilmore ◽  
Andrew J David
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Improvement Programs

European larch (Larix decidua Miller) was introduced to North America in the mid-19th century. Its rapid growth led to its use as a reforestation species in northeastern North America during the early part of the 20th century. Proper site selection and vegetation management are crucial to the successful establishment and productivity of this species. On comparable sites, yields of European larch commonly exceed those of native species. Management practices and applied research for this species in North America include the refinement of 1) site selection criteria, 2) growth and yield tables, and 3) optimal density management and stocking levels, 4) product utilization and marketing, and 5) the advancement of tree improvement programs. Key words: growth and yield, productivity, silviculture, tree improvement

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