scholarly journals Trees, people, food and soil: A case study of participatory development in Malawi

1997 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Park
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Forestry Extension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Trees ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rural Appraisal

In rural Malawi, rapid population growth has contributed to deforestation, land and other chronic resource scarcities. In 1995, a team of Canadian graduate students and Malawian extension workers investigated and attempted to find solutions to specific local resource scarcities. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was used to assess total resource supply, evaluate food security and gender issues, facilitate village fuelwood action plan and inquire into the non-adoption of a tree nursery scheme. This article relates the team's experiences and insights against reviews of the history of forestry in Malawi, recent initiatives in forestry extension, and the current condition of Malawi's indigenous woodlands. It is concluded that villagers are willing to plant trees provided their costs are minimized and maize production is not compromised. Key words: Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), participatory development, refugee affected areas, deforestation; indigenous trees, fuelwood

scholarly journals Identification of farmers problems for development intervention programme: a case study facilitated by the political head of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD), North West Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M.B. Matiwane ◽  
V. Matiwane
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
The Political ◽  
Intervention Programme ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
North West ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Rural Appraisal

The study intended to identify the problems of the farmers and prioritise them for extension intervention. The study was facilitated by the political head of the department within a hundred days of the resumption of duty. Meetings were facilitated through district offices of both the department and municipalities. The identification of farmers’ problems focused mainly on production, financial and infrastructural projects. Data was collected through a participatory rural appraisal approach. Farmers were allowed to express problems affecting them in a meeting setup. The extension officers (E.O) captured problems expressed by farmers and classify them according to the questionnaire template developed. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to capture and analyse data. The data was presented to extension officers and management of DARD. The major findings of the study revealed that :( 1) Water supply, (2) Availability of land, (3) Livestock theft, (4) production inputs, (5) Machinery, and (6) fencing were major problems of the farmers. The recommendation of the study was that: (a) Problems be resolved according to their importance and (b) preference for implementation of extension intervention programmes to be a bottom-up than a top-down approach.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Case Study of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Inclusion at a Metropolitan Library in the Southeastern U.S.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Movius
Keyword(s):  
Staff Training ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Name Changes

This article examines the existing diversity and inclusion responses to transgender and gender nonconforming patrons at a large, metropolitan public library in the southeastern U.S. Research shows that transgender and gender nonconforming individuals face unique challenges when navigating libraries. These challenges include inadequate collections, microaggressions from reference staff, a lack of gender-neutral bathrooms, and circulation policies preventing remote name changes. To compensate for these difficulties and increase accessibility for transgender and gender nonconforming patrons, libraries should incorporate diversity and inclusion initiatives into their functions. The author evaluated current collections, programs, services, policies, and resources for inclusivity, equity, and accessibility and created a strategic diversity action plan for the institution. The strategic diversity action plan identified six steps the library should take to foster inclusion and increase accessibility for its transgender and gender nonconforming patrons. These six steps include: 1) create an official, transgender-friendly bathroom policy; 2) develop a diversity and inclusion statement that includes gender identity in its language; 3) invest in staff training and continuing education about gender, sexuality, and transgender issues and service needs; 4) conduct a needs assessment of the transgender and gender nonconforming community; 5) establish programming based on the needs and wants expressed by the transgender and gender nonconforming community; and 6) implement a remote name-change or preferred name-change process.

Marxism, Economic Theory, and Asian American Literary Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Cheap Labor ◽  
Japanese Internment ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Inquiry ◽  
And Gender

As migrants who were drawn to North America to serve as cheap labor, questions of money, economy, and class have been central to Asian American experiences from the mid-19th century, and Marx’s critique of capitalism has circulated almost as long among Asian Americans and anticolonial, nationalist movements in Asia. However, the long history in the communist movement of the subordination of racial and gender inequality to a narrowly defined class struggle alienated many in US racialized communities. Subsequent interventions in Marxist theory leading to non-economically determinist accounts of social transformation have resulted in a post-Marxist Asian American literary and cultural studies. This is a theory, though, that is largely devoid of specifically economic inquiry, and this has led to the marginalization of questions of class, labor, and whiteness that might complicate questions about resistance to domination and capitalist hegemony. These elisions are only exacerbated in the turn to global and transnational frames of analysis, since the complexities of local racial dynamics are often lost in more abstract narratives and conceptual paradigms. The history of Japanese internment provides a case study that exemplifies some of the difficulties of evaluating the multiple forces motivating racial discrimination.

scholarly journals The female memory factory: How the gendered labour of memory creates mnemonic capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-312
Author(s):  
Anna Reading
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Women Survivors ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sydney Australia

Within feminist memory studies the economy has largely been overlooked, despite the fact that the economic analysis of culture and society has long featured in research on women and gender. This article addresses that gap, arguing that the global economy matters in understanding the gender of memory and memories of gender. It models the conceptual basis for the consideration of a feminist economic analysis of memory that can reveal the dimensions of mnemonic transformation, accumulation and exchange through gendered mnemonic labour, gendered mnemonic value and gendered mnemonic capital. The article then applies the concepts of mnemonic labour and mnemonic capital in more detail through a case study of memory activism examining the work of the Parragirls and the Parramatta Female Factory Precinct Memory Project (PFFP) in Sydney, Australia. The campaigns have worked to recognize the memory and history of the longest continuous site of female containment in Australia built to support the British invasion. The site in Parramatta, which dates from the 1820s, was a female factory for transported convicts, a female prison, an asylum for women and girls, an orphanage and then Parramatta Girls Home. The Burramattagal People of Darug Clan are the Traditional Owners of the land and the site is of practical and spiritual importance to indigenous women. This local struggle is representative of a global economic system of gendered institutionalized violence and forgetting, The analysis shows how the mnemonic labour of women survivors accumulates as mnemonic value that is then transformed into institutional mnemonic capital. Focusing on how mnemonic labour creates lasting mnemonic capital reveals the gendered dimensions of memory which are critical for ongoing memory work.

scholarly journals Internal Return Migration in Rural of Vietnam: Reasons and Consequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Ngo Trung Thanh ◽  
Philippe Lebailly ◽  
Nguyen Thi Dien
Keyword(s):  
Return Migration ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Filial Obligations ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rural Appraisal ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Many researchers have tried to explain the motivation behind out and return migration. However, few bodies of literature focus on selection of destinations of out migration, motives to return according to marriage status of migrants before the return and gender perspective of employments on the return. By surveying 68 returnees and applying participatory rural appraisal, this study shows that the personal and household characteristics of returnees before the migration create an effect on destination selections On the return, both single and married migrants are motivated by filial obligations to their parents. Single migrants’ motive associates to the potential failures that can be a burden on their livings after getting married. Married migrants’ motive to return results from living away from their children. This study also demonstrates that women play an important role in the development of agriculture. Additionaly, agriculture acts as a buffer to the negative impacts of return migration.

scholarly journals Pembangunan Pertanian dengan Pendekatan Komunitas : Kasus Rancangan Program Prima Tani

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Syahyuti
Keyword(s):  
Program Implementation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Rural Appraisal

<strong>English</strong><br />Development concept explained in the mid of 20th century keeps improving. One of the concept improvements is application of “community-based development” concept.  This concept criticizes the relatively unsuccessful rural development based on individuals and households. One of actual community-based development types is implemented in the Prima Tani Program planning. The Program planning consists of (i) the program is located at the rural areas as the smallest units, (ii) action plan was applied using participatory rural appraisal, (iii) encouraging self reliance, and (iv) uses of local institutional resources. The paper is a literature study based on the documents of Prima Tani Program planning and the writer’s involvement in filed activities of the Program planning in West Nusa Tenggara Province. The assessment shows that it is necessary to well measure communal degree of the community. This is the basis for overall program implementation.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konsep pembangunan yang dijelaskan pada pertengahan abad ke 20 terus mengalami perbaikan. Salah satu bentuk perbaikan konsep adalah diterapkannya konsep  “pembangunan berbasiskan komunitas”. Konsep ini dapat dipandang sebagai kritik konsep pembangunan pedesaan selama ini yang berlandaskan kepada pendekatan individual dan rumah tangga yang dinilai kurang berhasil. Salah satu bentuk konkrit pembangunan berbasiskan komunitas diterapkan dalam rancangan program Prima Tani.  Hal ini setidaknya terlihat dari empat aspek yaitu: penetapan lokasi program pada desa sebagai unit terkecil, penerapan PRA dalam penyusunan rencana aksi yang dilakukan secara partisipatif, upaya meningkatkan kemandirian, serta penggunaan sumberdaya kelembagaan setempat. Tulisan ini merupakan studi literatur yang didasarkan atas dokumen-dokumen rancangan Prima Tani serta keterlibatan penulis dalam melakukan kegiatan lapang Prima Tani di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelaahan membuktikan perlunya perhatian untuk mengukur derajat komunalitas warga secara baik. Hal ini merupakan titik tolak dalam pengimplementasian program secara keseluruhan.

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