scholarly journals Evaluation of septoria (Septoria nodorum) tolerance in wheat varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
Dagiimaa Ivanov ◽  
Otgonbayar Baasansuren ◽  
Mayagmarsuren Yadamsuren ◽  
Ulziisaikhan Davaasambuu

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by the ascomycete fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph S. tritici) is currently one of the most serious foliar disease of wheat in Mongolia and other world regions characterized by temperate and wet environment during growing season. Fifty-one  wheat genotypes with different resistance levels were evaluated in natural conditions for their reaction to S. tritici attack during 2017-2019 year. The experimental design was a randomized block design with two replications. Disease rating was visually recorded by using the scale (0-9) in two different times and crop stages (Z53-1/4 head out and Z70-milk development). There were also calculated the Septoria Progress Coefficient (SPC) and Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for each wheat genotype evaluated. SPC was low for the higher genotypes comparatively with the shortest ones leading to the conclusion that disease progress is higher as plant height is low (r=-0.96**). The same aspect was also emphasized by the waek correlation between plants height and disease progress height (r=0.28**).The shortest genotypes showed higher necrosis percentage and AUDPC values. There was also a correspondence between genotype susceptibility and AUDPC showing that the most susceptible wheat cultivars recorded higher AUDPC values. The highest AUDPC values while Darkhan-201 (131), Darkhan-218 (163) and Omskau-36 (82) had the best resistance reaction to S. tritici attack. Зусах буудайн сортуудад септориоз (Septoria nodorum) өвчний тэсвэрлэлтийг үнэлсэн дүн Сүүлийн үеийн газар тариалангийн менежмент болон практик арга нь ээлжлэн тариалалтын сэлгээг баримтлахгүй жил дараалан үр тарианы ургамлыг тариалах болсон зэрэг нь навчны өвчлөл болон түрүүний өвчлөл ихсэх зүй тогтол ажиглагдаж байна. Талбайн нөхцөлд нийт 51 сортод септориоз өвчин тэсвэрлэлтийн үнэлгээг ерөнхий мөрддөг 0-9 баллаар буудайн түрүүлэлтээс, сүүн болц хүртлэх хугаанд ажиглалт хэмжилт хийсэн. Септориозийн тархалтын коэффициент (SPC), өвчний тархалтын муруй (AUDPC)-г тооцолсон. Септориоз өвчин тэсвэрээр Дархан-201, Дархан-217, Омская-36 сортууд тэсвэртэй ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Тэсвэртэй сортууд нь өртөмтгий сортууд өвчлөлийн хувьд 81.0-737.7 хэлбэлзэл ихтэй нь сортуудын хооронд ялгаа их байгааг өвчний тархалтын муруй нь (AUDPC) –ийн утга харуулж байна. Өвчний тархалтын муруй (AUDPC) нь ургамлын өндөр болон өвчлөлтийн өндрийн хязгаар (r=-0.78**) сөрөг хамааралтай. Харин  өвчний тархалтын хувь нь септориозийн тархалтын коэффициент (r=0.789**), өвчлөлтийн өндрийн хязгаартай (r=0.651**) нягт хамааралтай байна. Септориоз өвчний хор хөнөөлийн коэффициентыг гаргахад ургацыг 22.4-67.2%-иар бууруулаж байна. Септориоз өвчний халдвар ихсэх тусам ургацын бууралт нэмэгдэх зүй тогтол ажиглагдаж байна.  Түлхүүр үг: AUDPC, септориоз, өвчин тэсвэрлэлт, сорт

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Campuzano Duque

<p>Con el fin de determinar el número de genes involucrados en el tipo de resistencia de desarrollo lento de la roya de la hoja en las variedades de trigo Pavón 76,Hermosillo 77 y Nacozari 76, se realizó un estudio en el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) localizado en Texcoco, Estado de Méjico. Para el efecto, se obtuvieron las cruzas simples posibles de estas tres variedades con una variedad susceptible carente de genes de resistencia, denominada Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup>. Los progenitores y 74 familias F<sub>5</sub>, de cada una de las seis cruzadas, fueron sembradas en un diseño de bloques completos aI azar con un arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. La respuesta a la enfermedad en las familias F<sub>5</sub>, se evaluó calculando el Área Bajo la Curva de Progreso de la Roya de la Hoja (ABCPRH). El estudio genético se realizó mediante el análisis dialélico de Griffing, (1986) (Modelo 2, Método 4), a partir del cual se estimaron las varianzas requeridas para calcular el número de genes involucrados en cada cruza mediante la fórmula de Wright, (1968). La resistencia genética a la roya de la hoja fue controlada por dos genes en las variedades Pavón 76 y Hermosillo 77 y por tres genes en Nacozari 76, sobre la base de que Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup> no posee genes efectivos de resistencia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Number of genes involved in slow-rusting to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) in wheat.</strong></p><p> In order to determine the number of genes involved in the type of leaf rust resistance called "slow rusting" in Pavón76, Hermosillo 77 and Nacozari 76 wheat varieties a study was carried out at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) located in Texcoco, State of Mexico. All possible single crosses were entered into these three varieties with a susceptible lacking variety genes resistance called Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup>.Parents and 74 F<sub>5</sub> families of each cross were planted in a split plot randomized block design with three replications. The disease was evaluated using the Area Under the Leaf Rust Progress Curve (AULRPC). The genetic studies were achieved according to the model 2 Method 4 of Griffing,(1956) aiming the required variances to calculate the number of genes involved in each cross, according to Wright's (1968) formula. The leaf rust genetic resistance was controlled by two genes in Pavón76 and Hermosillo 77 varieties and by three genes in Nacozari 76, based on Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup> does not possess effective genes of resistance.</p>


2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Guerino Töfoli ◽  
Ricardo José Domingues ◽  
Walter Jacobelis Jr. ◽  
Marina Pacheco Lombardi Tortolo

ABSTRACT: Late blight (Phytophthora infestans ) is among the most important and destructive diseases in potato cultivation. Aiming to evaluate the efficacy of the new fungicide ametoctradin, mixed with dimethomorph and metiram, an experiment was carried out in commercial potato crops (Ágata cultivar) in Pilar do Sul, São Paulo state, Brazil, during the growing season in 2013. A randomized block design was used, with 4 replications, on plots of 15 m2. Applications were carried out using a backpack sprayer with a spray-bar under 3 bar of constant pressure. The application volume varied from 300 L to 600 L.ha-1 based on crop development. The variables evaluated were leaf severity (0 to 100%), area under the disease progress curve, and yield. Ametoctradin + dimethomorph (1.25 L.ha-1) provided significant control of late blight, exceeding benthiavalicarb + fluazinam, dimethomorph + metiram, dimethomorph + pyraclostrobin, cymoxanil + mancozeb, metalaxyl-M + mancozeb, ametoctradin + metiram, and pyraclostrobin + metiram, although similar to ametoctradin + dimethomorph (1.00 L.ha-1), fluopicolide + propamocarb, and fenamidone + propamocarb. Ametoctradin + metiram resulted in moderate control, which was always similar to the standard. Ametoctradin and its associations represent a new alternative for the management of potato late blight.


Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aricléia de Moraes Catarino ◽  
Edson Ampélio Pozza ◽  
Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza ◽  
Leone Stabile dias Santos ◽  
Gabriel Brandão Vasco ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Coffee is one of the main export commodities of Brazilian agribusiness. Phoma leaf spot [Phoma tarda (Stewart) Boerema & Bollen] is one of the most important coffee fungal diseases in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the intensity of Phoma leaf spot in coffee seedlings supplied with different rates of Ca+2 and K+. The study was conducted under controlled conditions in a growth chamber, at the Department of Phytopathology - UFLA, from February 2010 to December 2011. The assay was repeated twice under the same conditions. The nutrient solutions consisted of five concentrations of K+ (3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mmol L-1) and Ca+2 (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mmol L-1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with 25 treatments and three replicates, with two plants per plot. The areas under incidence progress curve (AUIPC) and severity (AUSPC) were calculated. At the lowest rate of Ca2+ (2 mmol L-1) and highest K+ (6 and 7 mmol L-1), approximately, the AUIPC was the smallest. For the AUSPC, the lowest rates of Ca+2 and K+ resulted in the lowest severities. Supply of Ca+2 and K+ in nutrient solution reduced AUIPC and AUSPC of Phoma leaf spot, and these nutrients can be recommended for the management of the disease.


2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 060
Author(s):  
Cristina Cordo ◽  
Rodrigo Altamirano ◽  
María Rosa Simón ◽  
Marina Stocco ◽  
Gladys Lampugnani ◽  
...  

Trichoderma strains are used as biofungicides for some plant diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolates, applied alone and in combination with fungicides, to control Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, and their impact on wheat yield and its components. To this end, field experiments were performed in 2010 and 2011 and 10 different treatments were applied. The disease severity was assessed by visual estimation of the leaf area affected by Z. tritici at the first node, anthesis and early dough growth stages. The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”. Regarding the increase in yield gain and the improvement of yield components, the fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tillering in 2011 provided significant increase. Respect the treatments with the application of T. harzianum the best was only one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alone showing yield responses similar to the ones obtained with the fungicide treatments. We recommended the coated seed alone because the protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripening. This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide. We found a strong relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the wheat yield in 2011 as a consequence of the best environmental conditions for the disease’s occurrence. Contrary, it was shown a non-significant association between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and the wheat yield.


Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Bouranis ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Bernd Zechmann ◽  
Lampros Bouranis ◽  
Styliani Chorianopoulou

The demand to develop fertilizers with higher sulfur use efficiency has intensified over the last decade, since sulfur deficiency in crops has become more widespread. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fertilizers enriched with 2% elemental sulfur (ES) via a binding material of organic nature improve yield when compared to the corresponding conventional ones. Under the scanning electron microscope, the granules of the ES-containing fertilizer were found to be covered by a layer of crystal-like particles, the width of which was found to be up to 60 μm. Such a layer could not be found on the corresponding conventional fertilizer granules. Several fertilization schemes with or without incorporated ES were tested in various durum wheat varieties, cultivated in commercial fields. The P-Olsen content of each commercial field was found to be correlated with the corresponding relative change in the yields (YF/YFBES) with a strong positive relationship. The content of 8 ppm of available soil phosphorus was a turning point. At higher values the incorporation of ES in the fertilization scheme resulted in higher yield, while at lower values it resulted in lower yield, compared with the conventional one. The experimental field trials that established following a randomized block design, were separated in two groups: One with P-Olsen ranging between 18–22 ppm and the other between 12–15 ppm, the results of which corroborated the aforementioned finding. The use of ES in all portions of fertilization schemes provided higher relative yields. The coexistence of ES with sulfate in the granule was more efficient in terms of yield, when compared to the granule enriched with ES alone under the same fertilization scheme and agronomic practice. The application of fertilizer mixtures containing the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), ES and ammonium sulfate resulted in even higher relative yields. Yield followed a positive linear relationship with the number of heads per square meter. In this correlation, the P-Olsen content separated the results of the two groups of blocks, where the applied linear trend line in each group presented the same slope.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Bibek Acharya ◽  
Ram Kumar Shrestha

Field trial was conducted on horticultural farm of Lamjung Agriculture Campus, Lamjung, Nepal between December-April 2016/17 on onion (Allium cepa), following two factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications and fifteen treatments to assess disease severity of Stemphylium blight (Stemphylium vesicarium) and Downy mildew (Peronospora destructor). The onion cultivar Red Creole, widely grown in this locality and susceptible to these diseases was used for trial. The disease intensity for Stemphylium leaf blight and Downy mildew was rated on weekly basis. Disease severity of both the disease significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval during initial and middle growth stage of onion, but in contrary, was found non-significant during later days as the plant approached harvesting stage. Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) also significantly varied in both treatments for both disease. Yield parameters recorded viz. bulb diameter and bulb yield significantly varied with nitrogen level and irrigation interval. The interaction effect of both the treatment was found non-significant for disease severity, AUDPC level and yield parameters during entire growth stage of onion. The results indicated that 7 days irrigation interval and government recommended dose of nitrogen i.e. 235 kg/ha were significantly better over other level of treatments in reducing Stemphylium blight and Downy mildew disease severity and also increasing yield parameters.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 17-22


1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zuckerman ◽  
A. Eshel ◽  
Z. Eyal

The susceptible wheat cultivar Miriam exhibited tolerance under severe infection of Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Nethouse and greenhouse trials confirmed former field results in which losses in grain weight of ‘Miriam’ wheat due to STB infection were significantly lower than those of the susceptible cultivar Barkai, under equivalent severity and the same disease progress curve. Several physiological mechanisms that may explain this tolerance of ‘Miriam’ wheat were studied. A comparison between protected and infected plants proved that carbohydrate reserves in the culms and other vegetative plant parts did not account for the lower losses in grain weight of ‘Miriam’. Each tiller was shown to be independent in its supply of carbohydrates to its grains, and no import from secondary tillers was observed. Differences in the ratio between grain weight and vegetative biomass could not explain the sustained grain filling of infected plants of ‘Miriam’. The daily balance of CO2 exchange of the ears was negative, since carbon fixation by the spike in the light was more than counterbalanced by night time spike respiration. Radioisotope studies revealed that mature, infected ‘Miriam’ plants maintained as large a percentage of the carbohydrates fixed at the vegetative stage and early grain filling as healthy plants. On the other hand, under the same conditions, infected ‘Barkai’ plants lost a larger fraction of these carbohydrates. The rate of carbon fixation per unit of chlorophyll and per residual green leaf area of infected ‘Miriam’ was higher than in healthy plants. It is proposed that this enhancement of photosynthesis in residual green tissue of infected plants of the tolerant cultivar Miriam compensates for the loss of photosynthesizing tissue due to STB.


Author(s):  
Wulita Wondwosen Kebede ◽  
Mashilla Dejene W/Michael ◽  
Negussie Tadesse ◽  
Seid Ahmed Kemal

Various biotic, abiotic and socio-economic factors negatively affect the productivity of the crop. Among these, a new disease known as Faba bean galls (Olpidium viciae) has become a serious threat to faba bean production and productivity in highland areas of central and northern Ethiopia. Thus, field experiment was conducted in Lay Gorebela and Mush to assess the efficacies of fungicides for the management of faba bean gall under natural infection. Six fungicides were evaluated alongside control in randomized complete block design in three replications. Fungicides showed different levels of efficiency at both locations in both seasons. In 2014/15, the highest percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were calculated from control plots at both locations. At Lay Gorebela, higher grain yields were recorded from Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP and Triadimefon 250 g/L sprayed plots whereas plots sprayed with Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP gave higher yield at Mush. Similar trends in percent severity index and grain yield were observed with control treatment in 2015/16. Percent severity index and area under disease progress curve were negatively correlated with grain yield and positively correlated with each other at both locations and seasons. Partial budget analysis indicated as Triadimefon 250 g/L and Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP were cost-effective. The chemical treatment could be used as a short-term control strategy, and a component in integrated management of faba bean galls.


1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Campuzano Duque

<p>Se realizó este estudio para determinar tres componentes epidemiológicos de la roya de la hoja: período de latencia, tasa de desarrollo de la enfermedad y área bajo la curva de progreso de la roya de la hoja, también, la clase de acción génica y heredabilidad implicados en el tipo de resistencia denominada "desarrollo lento" de la roya de la hoja en tres variedades de trigo: Pavón 76, Nacozarí 76 y Hermosillo 77 ;trabajo que se llevó a cabo en el Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT),localizado en Texcoco, Estado de México, México. Para comenzar, se obtuvieron seis cruzas simples posibles de éstas tres variedades con una variedad susceptible carente de genes de resistencia, denominada Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup>. Los progenitores y 74 familias F<sub>5</sub>, de cada una de las seis cruzas, fueron sembradas en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. Los resultados indicaron que en las 3 variedades el período de latencia fue largo y la tasa de desarrollo de la enfermedad baja. El análisis de aptitud combinatoria indicó que los efectos de tipo aditivo fueron los más importantes. La heredabilidad en sentido restringido en promedio de todas las cruzas y en cada una de ellas fue alta. No se encontró asociación entre el área bajo la curva de progreso de la roya de la hoja con madurez fisiológica y la altura de la Planta.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Inheritance and Components of slow rusting to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici) in wheat.</strong></p><p>In order to determine the latent period and rate of development of the disease, the area under the leaf rust progress curve, the type of gene action, and heritability implicated in the type of resistance called "slow rusting" of the leaf rust in the Pavon 76, Nacozari 76 and Hermosillo 77,was carried out this work at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT),located in Texcoco, State of Mexico, Mexico. All possible single crosses were entered into these three varieties with a susceptible lacking genes resistance, called Jupateco 73<sup>S</sup>. Parents and 74 F<sub>5</sub>, Families of each cross were planted in a plot randomized block design with three replications. The results indicate that in the 3 varieties the latent period was long and the rate of disease development was low. Combining ability analysis indicates that the additive variance was the most important. The narrowsense heritability as an average of all crosses, as well as in each cross was high. There was no relationship between the area under the leaf rust progress curve and Plant maturity or height.</p>


Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos Chimello ◽  
Jeferson Gonçalves de Jesus ◽  
Suelene Surubi de Melo ◽  
Isabela Vera dos Anjos ◽  
Milson Evaldo Serafim ◽  
...  

The aim of this paper was to identify the best components involving resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus, allowing for adequate selection of promising teak genotypes to explore in improvement programs or for disease management. Thirty different clonal teak genotypes were evaluated in a greenhouse from PROTECA Biotecnologia Florestal. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. The following characteristics were evaluated: average latent period, number of pustules per cm2, area below the number of pustules progress curve (ABNPPC), frequency of infection, and number of urediniospores per pustule. The data for the resistance characteristics were submitted to ANOVA and multivariate analysis applying grouping techniques and canonical variables. High genetic variability was observed among the 30 T. grandis genotypes regarding resistance to the O. neotectonae fungus. Both for the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), the canonical variables method and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) the genotypes that showed the greatest resistance to the fungus were genotypes 03 and 10


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