scholarly journals Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójcik ◽  
Augustyn Mika ◽  
Grzegorz Cieśliński
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Boron Fertilization

Aim of this work was to examine effect of boron fertilization on yield of apple trees and fruit quality. The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock. Trees were planted in the autumn of 1991 at the distance 4 x 2,5 m, on sandy-loam soil. Before starting and during carrying out the study there were not visual symptoms of boron deficiency. In the experiment applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree. Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control. Results of experiment showed that only boron sprays after bloom increased fruit set and yield. There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by <em>Penicillium, Monilina</em> and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>. Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage and decreased sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdown and <em>Gloeosporium</em>-rot. All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples in comparison with control ones. However, the highest increase of boron concentration in apples was observed when boron sprays were done after bloom and soil boron application. Only boron sprays applied after bloom increased calcium concentration in apples.

scholarly journals Fertilizing Drip-irrigated Bell Peppers Grown on Loamy Sand soil

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Storlie ◽  
Philip E. Neary ◽  
James W. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The effects of fertilizer rates and application frequency on drip-irrigated bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) were evaluated at two sites in 1992 and one site in 1993 in southern New Jersey. Yield and fruit quality were greatest with 158N-69P-131K lb/acre at the site with a sandy loam soil. Yield and fruit quality responded to additional fertilizer at sites with loamy sand soils. Average marketable fruit weight increased with increasing fertilization rate at one of the two loamy sand sites. The incidence of sun scald decreased with increasing fertilization rate. Increasing the frequency of drip-applied fertilizer from 11 to 22 days did not affect yield or fruit quality in either year when the same amount of fertilizer was applied. These results show that maximizing the yield of bell peppers grown on loamy sand soils in New Jersey may require higher fertilization rates than previously recommended.

BORON AND MOLYBDENUM NUTRITION OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND SOILS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Cereal Straw ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Significant Yield

In a greenhouse experiment, an application of 0.25 ppm B to a sandy loam soil resulted in significant yield increases of kernels of wheat, barley, and oats. Yields of barley and wheat decreased at 0.5 ppm applied B, and those of oats at 1 ppm added B. Barley was most sensitive, oats the least, and wheat intermediate to B toxicity. Boron toxicity symptoms in barley were characterized by severe brown spotting and burning of older leaf tips, while in wheat and oats the leaf tips were bleached. A boron concentration of less than 5 ppm in boot stage tissue was in the deficiency range, while a level of 6 to 10 ppm was in the sufficiency range. In wheat and barley, a B concentration of greater than 16 ppm, and in oats of greater than 35 ppm, was indicative of toxicity. The B content of straw proved to be a good indicator for detecting B sufficiency. A survey of fields from Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) showed a range in B concentration of boot stage tissue from 0.5 to 9.9 ppm in barley, 1.1 to 6.0 ppm in wheat, and 0.5 to 5.8 ppm in oats. Under greenhouse conditions, no response to added Mo was found. Applications of 0.25 to 0.5 ppm Mo to the soil reduced yields of wheat and barley. Optimum levels of Mo in the boot stage tissue were 0.09 to 0.18 ppm in barley and wheat, and 0.22 to 0.28 ppm in oats. Sufficiency levels in kernels were 0.16 to 0.20 ppm for wheat, 0.26 to 0.32 ppm for barley, and 0.33 to 0.50 ppm for oats. In general, Mo concentration of 0.08 to 0.19 ppm in cereal straw was considered to be in the sufficiency range. The Mo concentration of boot stage tissue from survey samples ranged from 0.04 to 0.34 ppm in barley, 0.04 to 2.37 ppm in wheat, and 0.06 to 0.60 ppm in oats.

scholarly journals Interaction of nutrient supply and crop load of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2.) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Szűcs ◽  
T. Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
General Terms ◽  
P Content ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Long term fertilisation trials were combined with storage experiments with 'Jonathan' apple trees and fruits to study influence of tree nutrition on quantity and quality of crop. The site of experiments is a typical Carpathian-basin environment with loamy silt soil, high lime content and arid summers. Conclusions has been drown from six years' set of data. Augmented levels of soil fertilisation increased cropping capacity of apple trees, however, the fruit load has not met with cropping capacity in every year. More the def cit came into view in crop load, less the fruit quality resulted in. The deficit in cropping capacity, however, could not have been determined with simple rates as fruit weight per trunk circumference or similar. Better determination was obtained where foliar nutrient contents were correlated to crop per tree figures. In general terms, the N and Ca content in leaves increased with yields when K and P content formulated reciprocally. When storage quality of 'Jonathan' apple fruits were related to crop load (kg/tree), influence of crop deficit became visible. As the crop load and foliar nutrient levels interacted, the fruit quality (number of disordered apples after 6 month of storage) subjected of both physiological phenomena. Higher determination degree were obtained when crop load was assessed together with single or multiple foliar analysis data.

scholarly journals Effects of Prohexadione-Ca and GA4+7 on Scarf Skin and Fruit Maturity in Apple

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1602-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McArtney ◽  
Dave Ferree ◽  
John Schmid ◽  
J.D. Obermiller ◽  
A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Series Of Experiments

A series of experiments were undertaken to compare the effects of individual and combined applications of GA4+7 and prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) on scarf skin and fruit quality parameters on red strains of `Rome Beauty' and `Gala' apples. Three applications of GA4+7 at 10-day intervals beginning at petal fall (PF) significantly reduced scarf skin severity in all experiments. A single application of P-Ca at PF had no effect on scarf skin in one experiment but reduced scarf skin severity in two further experiments. Combining P-Ca with the first of three GA4+7 sprays as a tank mix reduced the severity of scarf skin more effectively than either material alone in two of three experiments at P < 0.05 and in all three experiments at P < 0.10. Combining P-Ca with the first application of GA4+7 as a tank mix generally reduced scarf skin as effectively as applying P-Ca and the first GA4+7 spray two days apart, although in one experiment, greater scarf skin control was achieved when P-Ca was applied 2 days after the first GA4+7 spray. A single application of P-Ca at PF consistently reduced, and three applications of GA4+7 consistently increased, mean fruit weight at harvest compared with the control. The economic benefits as a result of reducing scarf skin severity with P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays will need to be balanced against the negative effect of P-Ca on mean fruit weight. There is no antagonism between early season P-Ca and GA4+7 sprays for scarf skin control, and P-Ca may increase the efficacy of GA4+7 sprays for scarf skin control in apple.

scholarly journals Effect of preharvest spraying with thidiazuron on fruit quality and maturity of apples

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Solids Content

Apple trees, cultivars Gala and Fuji, were sprayed at full bloom with thidiazuron (TDZ) at the doses of 0, 5, 10, or 20 g (a.i.) ha-1 and fruit were assessed for quality and maturity. In both cultivars, the increase of TDZ dose had detrimental effects on fruit quality, causing a reduction of fruit red surface and an increase of percentage of fruit that was asymmetrical and with calyx-end rot. TDZ caused an increment of calyx-end aperture that might have increased calyx-end rot. TDZ increased density and the length : diameter (L : D) ratio of the fruit. The number of viable seeds was not affected by TDZ. TDZ resulted in a substantial delay of fruit maturity in 'Gala' but not in 'Fuji'. TDZ also reduced soluble solids content (SSC) in 'Gala' and reduced titratable acidity in both cultivars.

Effect of Biofertilization on growth, yield and fruit quality in apple cv Topaz

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Fediala Abd El-Gleel Mosa ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Mateusz Frąc ◽  
Paweł Trzciński ◽  
Michał Przybył ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Rhizobium Sp ◽  
Effect On Growth

The experiment was carried out from the beginning of spring in 2014 in pots near the greenhouse of Research Institute of Horticulture in Skierniewice, Poland, on maiden apple trees cv. ‘Topaz’. In May 2014, chemical fertilization (NPK) and various bioproducts: Fertigo, Micosat, Humus UP, Humus Active + Aktywit PM, Aktywit PM, BioFeed Quality, BioFeed Amin, Vinassa, Florovit Natura and Florovit Eko alone or with Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Klebsiella oxytoca and Rhizobium sp. bacteria were applied to evaluate their effect on growth, yield and fruit quality. Fruit weight was markedly enhanced with Humus Active + Aktywit PM and Humus UP supplemented with beneficial bacteria, and by Humus UP and Biofeed Amin treatments, compared to control.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Spacing on the Growth and Yield of California Wonder Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) on Sandy Loam Soil in the Gambia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Landing Jadama ◽  
Pa Tamba Jammeh ◽  
Alhagie K. Cham ◽  
Idrissa Diedhiou
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Optimum plant spacing ensures proper growth and development of crops resulting in maximum crop yield and economic use of land. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different planting spacing on the growth and yield of California Wonder Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) on sandy loam soil of The Gambia, from January to May 2018. The design used for this experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments (T1: 50 x 50 cm, T2: 50 x 40 cm, T3: 50 x 30 cm and T4: 50 x 20 cm) and three repetitions and the parameter of plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, fruit length, fruit circumference, individual fruit weight, yield per plant, and yield per hectare. The plant spacing had a significant effect on plant height, stem girth and the number of leaves of the growth parameters, whereas for the yield parameters, individual fruit weight, yield per plant and total biomass yield were found significantly in treatments with the highest plant spacing (50 x 50 cm). In conclusion, wider plant spacing (50 x 50 cm) boosts the plants to develop the maximum number of branches and fruits.

scholarly journals Effect of spraying with calcium chloride at difTerent water rates on 'Jonagold' apple calcium concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Paweł Wójcik ◽  
Waldemar Świechowski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Fruit Harvest

The aim of the study was to examine the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2<sub>) spraying at different rates of water on apple (<em>Malus domestica</em> Borkh.) calcium concentration. The examination was carried out in 1997-1998 on 'Jonagold' apple trees grafted on M.26 rootstock and planted in 1990 on sandy-loam soil at a distance of 4 x 2.5 m.The trees were trained as a spindle at 2,4 m and 2 m of height and canopy width, respectively. In the experiment apple trees were sprayed with CaCl<sub>2<sub> at a rate of 7 kg ha<sup>-1<sup> using 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 L of water volumes which gives : 2.8, 1,4, 0,7 and 0.5% CaCl<sub>2<sub> solutions, respectively. Sprays with CaCl<sub>2<sub> solutions were applied 6, 4 and 2 weeks before commercial fruit harvest. The trees unsprayed with Ca served as a control. The study showed that sprays with CaCl<sub>2<sub> at all studied water volumes had not effect on leaf and fruit damages. Regardless of the applied water rates, apples from the middle and the bottom of the canopy had higher calcium concentrations as a result of CaCl<sub>2<sub> sprays whereas this treatment had not effect on fruit calcium concentration from the top of the canopy. However, the laboratory study showed that 'Jonagold' apples from the canopy top had ability to take up exogenous calcium. It was found that efficacy of CaCl<sub>2<sub> sprays at studied water rates in increasing fruit calcium concentration was similar. The study showed as well that young 'Jonagold' fruitlets took up clearly less exogenous calcium compared to mature fruit which suggests that sprays of this cultivar with calcium salts should be applied mainly at late apple development stages.

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