scholarly journals Health status of five spring barley cultivars cultivated under organic system

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-358
Author(s):  
Anna Baturo
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Prevalent Pathogen

The objective of the study was to compare health status of harvested grain of spring barley cv. Rudzik, Rodos, Start and Maresi cultivated in organic system and cv. Damazy grown in an organic farm. Analyses showed that prevalent pathogen on grain was <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> isolated from 48% of grains. Fungi from genus of <i>Fusarium</i> were obtained less numerously, from 27% of grains and were represented mainly by <i>F. poae</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>. Microscopic analysis of <i>F. poae</i> was confirmed by PCR analysis. All cultivars were intensively diseased by <i>B. sorokiniana</i>, thus it is impossible to show a cultivar especially recommended for this system, where <i>B. sorokiniana</i> can be serious problem. However cv. Damazy showed relatively the lowest infestation by <i>B. sorokiniana</i> and it also was not more intensively diseased by <i>Fusarium</i> spp. It is very important in nutrition aspect because these fungi can be dangerous for both human and animal health due to their abilities to produce mycotoxins.

scholarly journals Healthiness and fungus composition of barley roots under organic, integrated and conventional farming systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Anna Baturo ◽  
Czesław Sadowski ◽  
Jan Kuś
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The researched material was healthiness of roots and fungus composition of spring barley cultivated under organic, integrated and conventional farming systems. The studies were carried out in 1998-2001 on experimental fields in Osiny near Puławy, south-eastern Poland. In the emergence stage the roots health status was the lowest in organic system however in the end of vegetation season, in dough maturity stage the most disease symptoms were stated in conventional system. The mycological analyses revealed the occurrence of two important pathogens: <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. Despite of root healthiness macroscopic analyses showed their lower health status in organic system only in emergence stage and the most quantity of plants with disease symptoms in dough maturity stage were observed in conventional system, but pathogens like <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. were mostly isolated in organic system in both phases. It can suggest that disease symptoms in conventional system can be caused by different than fungus factors. The lowest percent of mentioned pathogens was stated in integrated system. It is worth to notice that organic conditions could be favourable to <i>Gliocladium roseum</i>. Because of growing interest in ecology, giving up of using pesticides and more and more popular biological disease control, these fungi of <i>Gliocladium</i> genus be used in this system due to their antagonistic properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Fusarium Head Blight on Mycotoxin Content in Grain of Spring Barley Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Šíp ◽  
L. Tvarůžek ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
S. Sýkorová ◽  
L. Leišová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Cultivar Responses ◽  
Moderate Resistance

The results are based on field infection experiments with six spring barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and resistance sources Chevron and CI 4196. One of the four Fusarium isolates used for inoculations was a predominant nivalenol producer, while the other isolates were deoxynivalenol (DON) producers. Out of the other mycotoxins 3-AcDON was found in grain at a relatively higher concentration. Significant cultivar differences in DON content, examined yield traits, percentage of Fusarium colonies and percentage of non-germinating seeds were detected after inoculum spraying on two dates and mist irrigation of infected plots. When inoculated with aggressive isolate of F. culmorum Chevron and CI 4196 cvs. showed high resistance and the cultivars Jersey, Olbram and Scarlett moderate resistance to DON accumulation in grain. Treatment with fungicide Horizon 250 EW (active ingredient tebuconazole) led on average to a 52.5% reduction of DON content, but the efficacy of fungicide treatment was highly influenced by year and cultivar. Fungicide treatment did not have a significant effect on grain weight per spike and, in general, the influence of infection on examined yield traits was low in these experiments. DON content was closely related only with the parameter C<sub>T </sub>Fus (transformed) from quantitative real time PCR analysis. Using the developed PCR system it was possible to specify clearly cultivar responses to infection and effects of fungicide treatment on DON content. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Reaction of spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to soil-borne infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana and to its toxic metabolites

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
The Mean

Soil-borne infection of Bipolaris sorokiniana caused foot and root rot in all spring barley cultivars studied. Significant differences in susceptibility of the cultivars and pathogenicity of the fungus isolates were found. Primary symptoms caused by the fungus were seedling blight, later foot and root rot. Yield losses caused by the fungus varied from 3 % to 33 % the mean being c. 15 %. Yield losses could occur without severe disease symptoms. Toxic metabolites produced by the fungus induced visible foot and root symptoms in all cultivars tested and caused lesions in the leaves of some cultivars. Variability in toxin production of fungus isolates as well as the reaction of a cultivar to toxins was demonstrated. The cultivars most susceptible to soil-borne infection by the fungus also showed the most severe symptoms when exposed to toxic metabolites of the fungus.

scholarly journals The response of some spring barley cultivars grown in Finland to air-borne secondary infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aarne Kurppa
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Infection Incidence ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Internal Cell ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The Mean

Air-borne secondary inoculum of Bipolaris sorokiniana caused severe foliar diseases and yield losses in all 12 spring barley cultivars tested in greenhouses or in the field. For secondary infection to occur a high relative humidity was necessary. Yield losses due to foliar diseases reached a maximum of 43.4 % in greenhouse experiments and 27.8 % in the field. The mean losses were 20.3 % and 12.3%, respectively. Early infection at the time of heading or shortly after it resulted in higher yield losses than did later infection, although the symptom expression was opposite. Spore inoculation or natural secondary infection by the spores from a diseased crop after heading always resulted in a high infection incidence in the grain. Infection incidence as well as fungal invasion of the internal cell leyers of the grains varied significantly among barley cultivars. The most susceptible of those tested were cvs. Teemu, Paavo and Pomo, while the most resistant were Ingrid, Otra and Pirkka.

scholarly journals The In-Silico Development of DNA Markers for Breeding of Spring Barley Varieties That Are Resistant to Spot Blotch in Russia

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Irina V. Rozanova ◽  
Nina M. Lashina ◽  
Vadim M. Efimov ◽  
Olga S. Afanasenko ◽  
Elena K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Significant Snps ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
The Impact

The fungal pathogen Cochliobolus sativus Drechs. Ex Dastur, anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker is one of the most common barley pathogens worldwide and causes spot blotch and root rot in barley. Spot blotch is considered to be the major biotic stress hampering the commercial production of barley. During high disease severity, which occurs in the northwestern region of Russia once every three to four years, yield losses for barley may reach 40%. An increase in common root rot severity results in yield losses that can reach 80%. The goal of the current study was to identify significant markers that can be employed as diagnostic DNA markers to breed C. sativus pathogen-resistant varieties of barley. In 94 spring barley cultivars and lines, the resistance of seedlings and adult plants to the impact of C. sativus on their leaves and roots was investigated. Five genomic regions associated with resistance to Spot blotch were identified (on chromosome 1H (50–61.2 cM), 2H (68.7–69.68 cM), 3H (18.72–26.18 cM), 7H (7.52–15.44 cM)). No significant loci were determined to be associated with root rot. According to obtained data, 11 significant SNPs were converted into KASP markers and 6 markers located on chromosome 3H were determined to possess good accuracy and the potential to be employed in marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and rainfall on participation of the pathogens causing root and stem rot in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Łacicowa ◽  
Danuta Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plaiit Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars. root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e,. in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions. favourable for the infection of seedlings by <em>B.sorokiniane</em> during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infction of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infcted stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.

Referencing laser and ultrasonic height measurements of barleycultivars by using a herbometre as standard

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gero Barmeier ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Field Phenotyping ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Distance Sensor

Assessment of plant height is an important factor for agronomic and breeder decisions; however, current field phenotyping, such as visual scoring or using a ruler, is time consuming, labour intensive, costly and subjective. For agronomists and plant breeders, the most common method used to measure plant height is still a meter stick. In a 3-year study, we have adopted a herbometre similar to a rising plate meter as a reference method to obtain the weighted plant height of barley cultivars and to evaluate vehicle-based ultrasonic and laser distance sensors. Sets of 30 spring barley cultivars and 14 and 60 winter barley cultivars were tested in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The herbometre was well suited as a reference method allowing for an increased area and was easy to handle. The herbometre measurements within a plot showed very low coefficients of variation. Good and close relationships (R2 = 0.59, 0.76, 0.80) between the herbometre and the ultrasonic distance sensor measurements were observed in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, demonstrating also increased values of heritability. Hence, both sensors were able to differentiate among barley cultivars in standard breeding trials. For the sensors, we observed a 4-fold faster operating time and 6-fold increase of measurement points compared with the herbometre measurement. Based on these results, we conclude that distance sensors represent a powerful and economical high-throughput phenotyping tool for breeders and plant scientists to estimate plant height and to differentiate cultivars for agronomic decisions and breeding activities potentially being also applicable in other small grain cereals with dense crop stands. Particularly, ultrasonic distance sensors may reflect an agronomically and physiologically relevant plant height information.

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