scholarly journals Co-occurrence of airborne allergenic pollen grains and fungal spores in Rzeszów, Poland (2000-2002)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fungal Allergen ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Very High ◽  
Aerobiological Study

The co-occurrence of airborne allergenic pollen grains and fungal spores was estimated in Rzeszów in the years 2000-2002. The volumetric method was used in this aerobiological study. Six taxa of pollen grains and five types of fungal spores characterized by strong allergenicity and/or high concentrations in the air were analyzed. The time series of pollen grains and fungal spores were compared using PCA analysis. The periods of the greatest concentrations of tree pollen did not coincide with similar periods for herbaceous plants and fungal spores. From February to mid-March, <i>Alnus</i> pollen dominated in the air. The second period was characterized by <i>Betula</i> pollen. It occurred in April. Herbaceous pollen and fungal spores occurred in the air simultaneously (from mid May to the end of August), creating a risky situation for sensitized people. The periods of the highest concentrations of <i>Epicoccum</i> and <i>Ganoderma</i> fungal spores did not coincide with the same period for the examined plant taxa. In Rzeszów the probability of becoming exposed to very high concentrations of allergenic pollen and fungal spores at the same time was high, especially in July, when the highest concentrations of Poaceae, <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Cladosporium</i> were noted. The hypersensitivity to only one plant or fungal allergen is rarely encountered. Under the present scenarios of global warming, pollen seasons of many taxa will be longer and sufferers will have year-long symptoms.

An aerobiological study of pollen grains and fungal spores of Barcelona (Spain)

Aerobiologia ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monserrat Roses-Codinachs ◽  
Maria Suarez-Cervera ◽  
Jesus Marquez ◽  
Jose Torres
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Aerobiological Study

scholarly journals Pollen Monitoring in the City of Ivano-Frankivsk, Western Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galyna Melnychenko ◽  
Myroslava Mylenka ◽  
Nadiia Riznychuk ◽  
Nataliia Prokopiv
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pollen Monitoring ◽  
Allergenic Plants ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The City

The results of aeropalynological studies in Ivano-Frankivsk during 2013–2015 are presented in this article. The studies were conducted using a specially designed gravimetric Durham pollen trap installed at a height of 24 m from the ground. We determined that pollen grains of the following taxa dominate in the city’s aeropalynological spectrum: <em>Corylus</em>, <em>Alnus</em>, <em>Betula</em>, <em>Populus</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, <em>Salix</em>, <em>Carpinus</em>, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Pinus</em>, <em>Picea</em>, Poaceae, Urticaceae, <em>Artemisia</em>, and <em>Ambrosia</em>. Pollen grains from woody plants dominate the aeropalynological spectrum. The considerable presence of the tree pollen grains in the ambient air is due to the geographical location of Ivano-Frankivsk in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Pollen season of allergenic plants lasts from the second week of February to early October. The most unfavorable period for patients with pollen allergy in Ivano-Frankivsk is April, when there is a simultaneous appearance of high concentrations airborne allergenic pollen of <em>Betula</em>, <em>Fraxinus</em>, and <em>Carpinus</em>. From the second week of May to mid-July, high (&gt;50 pollen grains/m<sup>3</sup>) concentrations of allergenic pollen of the Poaceae family members are detected in the air. In the second half of August and early September, high concentrations of allergenic <em>Ambrosia </em>pollen were recorded in the city air. Conducting of pollen monitoring in the city is extremely necessary for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pollen allergy.

scholarly journals Aeroallergens and Asthma

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Moira Chan-Yeung ◽  
Santiago Quirce
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Indoor Aeroallergens ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The main aeroallergens in both the indoor and outdoor environment that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma are reviewed. Pollen and fungal spores are important outdoor aeroallergens that cause sensitization in atopic subjects, leading to rhinitis and asthma in a proportion of the sensitized subjects. Each pollen type displays a particular seasonal periodicity: tree pollen are prevalent in the late winter and spring, grass in the spring and summer and weed mainly in the fall. There are regional differences in the type of pollen grains in Canada. Although the pollen grains arc large fragments less than 10 µ can reach the lower airways to cause asthma. Some fungal spores. such asAlternariaandCladosporium, have been implicated in asthma. The full clinical impact of fungi in asthma has yet lo be clarified. With the construction of homes that are tightly scaled to conserve heat and the use or wall to wall carpet. the type and concentration of indoor aeroallergens have become increasingly different from outdoors. House dust mite and pet allergens have now been shown to he important acro:dlergcns that sensitize children in infancy and are risk factors for asthma. Clinicians should recognize the importance of aeroallergens in asthma because avoidance and/or reduc1iun of exposure is an important part of the management besides drug therapy.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE AEROPALYNOLOGY IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF TIMISOARA CITY, ROMANIA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Ianovici
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Pollen Concentration ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Total Pollen

Many airborne pollen grains and fungal spores are important biopollutants responsible for human respiratory allergy. In the conditions of România the most important cause of pollinosis is allergenic pollen of some deciduous trees as well as grasses and weeds. The measurements of pollen concentration in the aeroplankton of Timişoara were carried out in 2003 by the volumetric method. The highest concentrations are noted in April and August. A total of 23 types of pollen taxa were recorded in the air of the study area in the 2003-year: Acer, Alnus, Ambrosia, Artemisia, Betula, Carpinus, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Corylus, Fraxinus, Juglans, Morus, Pinaceae, Platanus, Plantago, Populus, Poaceae, Rumex, Salix, Quercus, Taxaceae/Cupressaceae, Tilia, Urtica, Ulmus. The highest values of annual total of pollen grains in a group of trees were reached by Populus and Betula, as well as in a group of grasses and weeds – Ambrosia, Urtica and Poaceae. Trees pollen predominantly contributed to the total pollen sum with a percentage of 53.56%, followed by herbs 37.54% and grasses 8.9%.

scholarly journals Plane tree pollen season in Poland and Hungary in 2019 – why are the plane trees planted in cities so much?

Alergoprofil ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Donát Magyar ◽  
Orsolya Udvardy ◽  
Agnieszka Lipiec ◽  
Piotr Rapiejko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Allergy ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Tree Pollen ◽  
Plane Tree ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

 Allergic diseases are considered as important human health issues as they substantially restrict many allergic people. Trees such as the plane tree can pose a certain threat to allergy sufferers. Due to the frequent planting of these trees in large cities, their pollen can affect the increase in the frequency of local allergy symptoms. This study compares the plane tree pollen seasons in Poland, in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Warsaw, Zielona Gora, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Opole, Olsztyn, Szczecin and in Hungary, in Budapest, Debrecen, Gyor, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nyiregyhaza and Pecs in 2019. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method (Hirst type pollen sampler). Seasonal Pollen Index (SPI) was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. The season ranges from March to May, depending on the geographical latitude. Diagnosis of plane tree pollen allergy is made difficult due to some cross-reactivity with birch, but also alder, hazel, hornbeam, oak, beech, sweet chestnut, and to some extent with grass pollen. In 2019 the pollen season of Platanus started first in Hungary, in Pecs on the April 1st; in Poland the pollen season started in Szczecin and Zielona Gora on the April 4th. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Poland, in Warsaw and Bydgoszcz until May 11th–12th, similarly in Hungary – until May 11th in Budapest and Kaposvar. The differences of pollen seasons duration were very considerable, from 15 to 40 days. Also the differences of the highest airborne concentration especially between both countries were extremely considerable (2105 pollen grains/m3 in Nyíregyháza and 3 pollen grains/m3 in Białystok. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count in Polish cities occurred between April 24th and May 1st, and in Hungarian cities between April 9th and 16th. The highest plane tree pollen allergen hazard occurred in 2019 undoubtedly in Hungary: in Pecs, Kaposvar and Nyiregyhaza, and was ten times higher than in Poland. The highest variability in the analysed seasons was found in the peak value and annual total.

Airborne pollen and spores in Melbourne

1966 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Derrick
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Period ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Airborne Pollen And Spores

The incidence, on exposed slides, of pollen grains and spores from the atmosphere of Melbourne is recorded. Observations over 4½ years show that 30 types of pollen appear regularly each year and few of these are in great abundance. The highest concentration of pollen is in the period August-December and the lowest concentration in the period Aprii-May. In eariy spring, pollen grains from conifers and deciduous trees are most numerous, and in later spring and summer those from grasses and plantains predominate. Variations in weather conditions produce variations in the duration and concentration of the pollen cloud, both annually and within the season. High concentrations of fungal spores, at times exceeding those of pollen grains, occur during late spring and early summer, but follow a less clearly defined seasonal pattern than the pollen cloud. Pollen normally transferred by insects may at times become airborne in significant concentration. Grass pollen, because of its presence in the air over a long period and its high concentration during the Melbourne pollinosis season, must be considered important in relation to seasonal allergy. Other types of pollen and fungal spores, which are in high concentration for a shorter period or in less quantity for a long period, may also contribute to allergic symptoms.

The metachor as a characteristic of the association of electrolytes in aqueous solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Čeleda ◽  
Stanislav Škramovský
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Suitable Characteristic ◽  
Association Of Ions ◽  
Very High

Based on the earlier paper introducing a concept of the apparent parachor of a solute in the solution, we have eliminated in the present work algebraically the effect which is introduced into this quantity by the additivity of the apparent molal volumes. The difference remaining from the apparent parachor after substracting the contribution corresponding to the apparent volume ( for which the present authors suggest the name metachor) was evaluated from the experimental values of the surface tension of aqueous solutions for a set of 1,1-, 1,2- and 2,1-valent electrolytes. This difference showed to be independent of concentration up to the very high values of the order of units mol dm-3 but it was directly proportional to the number of the free charges (with a proportionality factor 5 ± 1 cm3 mol-1 identical for all studied electrolytes). The metachor can be, for this reason, a suitable characteristic for detection of the association of ions and formation of complexes in the solutions of electrolytes, up to high concentrations where other methods are failing.

scholarly journals Nitrification Process in a Nuclear Wastewater with High Load of Nitrogen, Uranium and Organic Matter under ORP Controlled

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Mariano Venturini ◽  
Ariana Rossen ◽  
Patricia Silva Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Load ◽  
Nuclear Fuels ◽  
Monod Model ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Real Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Very High

To produce nuclear fuels, it is necessary to convert uranium′s ore into UO2-ceramic grade, using several quantities of kerosene, methanol, nitric acid, ammonia, and, in low level, tributyl phosphate (TBP). Thus, the effluent generated by nuclear industries is one of the most toxic since it contains high concentrations of dangerous compounds. This paper explores biological parameters on real nuclear wastewater by the Monod model in an ORP controlled predicting the specific ammonia oxidation. Thermodynamic parameters were established using the Nernst equation to monitor Oxiders/Reductors relationship to obtain a correlation of these parameters to controlling and monitoring; that would allow technical operators to have better control of the nitrification process. The real nuclear effluent is formed by a mixture of two different lines of discharges, one composed of a high load of nitrogen, around 11,000 mg/L (N-NH4+-N-NO3−) and 600 mg/L Uranium, a second one, proceeds from uranium purification, containing TBP and COD that have to be removed. Bioprocesses were operated on real wastewater samples over 120 days under controlled ORP, as described by Nernst equations, which proved to be a robust tool to operate nitrification for larger periods with a very high load of nitrogen, uranium, and COD.

scholarly journals Halogenated Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Samples and Inorganic Elements Levels in Ores for Characterizing a High Anthropogenic Polluted Area in the Northern Latium Region (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Mario Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Ivan Notardonato ◽  
Alberto Rosada ◽  
Giuseppe Ianiri ◽  
Pasquale Avino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Very High ◽  
Inorganic Fraction

This paper shows a characterization of the organic and inorganic fraction of river waters (Tiber and Marta) and ores/soil samples collected in the Northern Latium region of Italy for evaluating the anthropogenic/natural source contribution to the environmental pollution of this area. For organic compounds, organochloride volatile compounds in Tiber and Marta rivers were analyzed by two different clean-up methods (i.e., liquid–liquid extraction and static headspace) followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detector (GC-ECD) analysis. The results show very high concentrations of bromoform (up to 1.82 and 3.2 µg L−1 in Tiber and Marta rivers, respectively), due to the presence of greenhouse crops, and of chloroform and tetrachloroethene, due to the presence of handicrafts installations. For the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the inorganic fraction, it is highlighted the use of a nuclear analytical method, instrumental neutron activation analysis, which allows having more information as possible from the sample without performing any chemical-physical pretreatment. The results have evidenced high levels of mercury (mean value 88.6 µg g−1), antimony (77.7 µg g−1), strontium (12,039 µg g−1) and zinc (103 µg g−1), whereas rare earth elements show levels similar to the literature data. Particular consideration is drawn for arsenic (414 µg g−1): the levels found in this paper (ranging between 1 and 5100 µg g−1) explain the high content of such element (as arsenates) in the aquifer, a big issue in this area.

THE SELECTIVE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME INHIBITORY ACTION OF BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Beck ◽  
E. Pinter ◽  
R. D. McKenna ◽  
H. Griff
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis ◽  
Benzethonium Chloride ◽  
Tryptic Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis ◽  
Very High

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in humans is thought to be perpetuated by the autolytic processes catalyzed by trypsin and lipase. This study is an integral part of our search for trypsin and lipase inhibitors to be used in the treatment of this disease.Benzethonium chloride was found to inhibit tryptic activity in vitro. The proteolytic activity of rabbit's serum was inhibited, and the inhibition was most pronounced 6 to 12 hours after the subcutaneous injection of the compound. Fibrinolysin was also inhibited in vitro but benzethonium chloride had no inhibitory action on chymotrypsin, pepsin, or lipase.Serum proteins in vitro were precipitated only with very high concentrations of the compound. No significant protein changes were observed in sera of rabbits after the subcutaneous injection of the compound.

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