scholarly journals Gamma Radiation (60Co) Exposure and Application of Antagonists for the Suppression of Root Rot Diseases in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung Bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek)

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dawar ◽  
M.J. Zaki ◽  
N. Ikram ◽  
M. Tariq
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Helianthus Annus

An experiment was carried out for the control of root rot fungi such as Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) and Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). Seeds were treated with gamma radiation (60Co) for 0, 2, 8 and 16 minutes intervals and soil was drenched with different antagonists such as Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula and Rhizobium meliloti Dangeard. All the antagonists significantly increased germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot weight, root weight, leaf area and showed complete suppression of M. phaseolina and R. solani observed in mung bean and sunflower. In both crops, mostly growth parameters increased as the exposure of gamma rays increased whereas in some cases it decreased. P. aeruginosa and R. meliloti were observed to be satisfactory biocontrol agents followed by T. harzianum whereas all exposure time of irradiation of gamma rays (60Co) to seeds of mung bean and sunflower were found to be best.DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4309

scholarly journals Soil amendment with Aerva javanica (Burm. F.) Juss. ex Schult. in the control of root rot fungi of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.)]

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naheed Ikram ◽  
Shahnaz Dawar
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Parts

Root rot fungi cause severe losses of crop plants, so the present work was carried out to determine the effect of <em>Aerva javanica </em>parts powder on root infecting fungi of mung bean (<em>Vigna radiata </em>(L.) and cowpea (<em>Vigna unguiculata </em>(L.) Walp.). <em>A. javanica </em>parts (stem, leaves and flower) were used as soil amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% to check the effectiveness on growth parameters. All the plant parts showed a significant reduction in root rot fungi like <em>Fusarium </em>spp., <em>Rhizoctonia solani </em>Kuhn, and <em>Macrophomina phaseolina </em>(Tassi) Goid. It was noted that germination percentage, fresh weight, leaf area and number of nodules were significantly higher and the inhibitory effect on root rot fungi increased when the soil was amended with <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1%. Thus, among all the treatments, <em>A. javanica </em>leaves at 1% were found to be the most effective against root rot fungi.

scholarly journals Burkholderia SP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata L.) Caused by Macrophomina Phaseolina

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Satya ◽  
Ayyathurai Vijayasamundeeswari ◽  
Vaikuntavasan Paranidharan ◽  
Rethinasamy Velazhahan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Powder Formulation

BurkholderiaSP. Strain TNAU-1 for Biological Control of Root Rot in Mung Bean (Vigna RadiataL.) Caused byMacrophomina PhaseolinaThe potential ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 for the management of mung bean (Vigna radiataL.) root rot caused byMacrophomina phaseolinawas evaluated under greenhouse conditions.Burkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 inhibited the mycelial growth ofM. phaseolina in vitroand produced an inhibition zone of 18.8 mm. Mung bean seeds when treated with the bacterial suspension, showed significant increase in root length, shoot length and seedling vigour. A talc-based powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 was developed and evaluated for its efficacy in the management of mung bean root rot under greenhouse conditions. Seed treatment or soil application of the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 significantly reduced the incidence of root rot and increased the germination percentage and plant height. Seed treatment with the powder formulation ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1 alone was effective in controlling root rot disease; but the combined seed treatment and soil application ofBurkholderiasp. strain TNAU-1, increased the efficacy. Seed treatment and soil application withBurkholderiasp. reduced the root rot incidence from 52.6 per cent (with non-bacterized seeds) to 16.7 per cent. Control of root rot with the application ofBurkholderiasp. by seed treatment and soil application was not statistically different from that obtained with seed treatment with carbendazim. The endophytic movement ofBurkholderiasp. in the stem, roots and leaves of mung bean was confirmed through PCR usingBurkholderiasp. specific primers which resulted in the amplification of a 417 bp product.

scholarly journals The effect of mangroves amendments to soil on root rot and root knot of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Tariq ◽  
Shahnaz Dawar ◽  
Fatima S. Mehdi ◽  
Muhammad J. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Shoot Weight

Leaves, stem and pneumatophore of <i>Avicennia marina</i> and leaves and stem of <i>Rhizophora mucronata</i> were used as the organic amendments at 0.1, 1 and 5% concentrations in the control of root rot fungi like (<i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Macrophomina phasoelina</i>) and root knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> on potato. In pot experiments, germination of seeds, shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and number of knots were significantly increased when plant parts like leaves, stem and pneumatophore of <i>A. marina</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> were used at 1 and 5% concentrations. There was a complete suppression in infection of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>M. phaseolina</i> when <i>A. marina</i> and <i>R. mucronata</i> were used at 5% concentration on potato. Maximum inhibition of knots of <i>M. javanica</i> was observed when powder made from mangrove plant parts was used at 1 and 5% concentrations. Powder from all plant parts, like leaves, stem and pneumatophore, was effective in suppression of root infecting fungi and root knot nematode.

Evaluation for the Resistance of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Germplasm against Macrophomina phaseolina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Data Ram Kumhar ◽  
Surbhi Garg ◽  
Mahendra Partap
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Serious Disease

Background: The green gram (Vigna radiata L.) is the major legume crop in India. Dry root rot(DRR) incited by M. phaseolina is a serious problem to the green gram production area in the world and India; Dry root rot has in recent years become a major obstacle to the successful and gainful growing of green gram, which can lead to significant losses in green gram production. The host plant resistance is the best alternative to management the DRR of the green gram, it is an economical and eco-friendly way to disease management. In the experiment, Twenty-five green gram germplasm has been tested for resistance to DRR, a serious disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina. Methods: M. phaseolina sand maize meal inoculum was applied to the field in sufficient amounts to maintain the sick plot before planting green gram germplasm, each germplasm was planted in three rows of 5 m in length, maintaining a distance between plants of 10 cm, the incidence of DRR was recorded using a disease rating scale. Based on disease reaction, green gram germplasm was grouped into different categoriesResult: From 25 green gram germplasm, four germplasm showed a resistant reaction to dry root rot, namely IPM-02-03, G-2, MH-2-15, MUM-2, while this has been observed. Susceptibility of green gram germplasm to dry root rot such as RMG-26.

scholarly journals Development of rice seedlings grown from pre-hydrated seeds and irradiated with gamma rays

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Scheer da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Danielowski ◽  
Eugenia Jacira Bolacel Braga ◽  
Sidnei Deuner ◽  
Ariano Martins de Magalhães Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Co60 Gamma

Techniques used to induce mutations, such as ionizing radiation, are an effective tool in increasing genetic variability in breeding programs of species of economic interest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Co60 gamma radiation on previously soaked seeds on the emergence and early growth of seedlings of two rice cultivars. To do this, seeds (25% moisture) of BRS Querência and BRS Fronteira were irradiated with zero (control), 50, 100, 150 and 200 Gy, and then sown in trays containing soil and kept in a greenhouse. The results showed that gamma radiation affected seedling development, where the highest dose tested (200 Gy) significantly reduced the emergence and the index of emergence speed. Growth parameters were reduced greater reduction in cv. BRS Querência. For antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase expressed little variation for the periods evaluated. Already ascorbate peroxidase and catalase showed a significant increase in horsepower cv. BRS Fronteira at 14 DAS, followed by an increase in both cultivars ascorbate peroxidase activity at 28 DAS. The highest antioxidant capacity observed in cv. BRS Fronteira conferred greater tolerance to stress caused by gamma radiation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Inoculum Type and Mycorrhiza Dosage on Growth and Production of Mung Bean Vigna Radiata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin Djauhari ◽  
Jami'at Dwi Elriyono ◽  
Bambang Tri Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is the third most essential legume crop commodity after soybeans and peanuts. Mung bean production faced problems of nutrient-poor land and soil texture that does not support soybean growth. The solution to overcome these obstacles is the application of mycorrhizae in nutrient-poor soils. This study aimed to determine the effect of various inoculums and mycorrhizal doses on growth and production in mung beans. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with nine treatments and three replications. The research included mycorrhizal inoculation with various treatments, as well as observations with variable plant height, plant biomass, number of pods, wet weight and dry weight of pods, the weight of 50 wet and dry seeds, mycorrhizal infection in roots, and number of spores in 100 gr of soil. The data were analyzed by SPSS 15.0 program for ANOVA. The results indicated that granular (30 gr) had the highest plant height of (41.33 cm), crown weight (30.69 gr), number of pods, wet and dry pod weight is 13.66, 9.84 gr, and 8.86 gr, respectively, 50 kg of wet and dry weight (3.82 and 3.20) and the highest effect on the number of spores at 29.33. The 30 gr tablets treatment showed the highest results on root weight (22.98 gr), while the 30 gr mixture showed the highest results on the percentage of infection (73.33%).

scholarly journals Management of wilt and dry root rot diseases of redgram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] by using actinomycetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
S. Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fusarium Udum ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Actinomycetes were tested for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium udum and Macrophomina phaseolina under in vitro condition. Among the tested isolates of Actinomycetes AC (5) reported highest 82.85 per cent reduction of mycelial growth of Fusarium udum and 85.13 per cent reduction of mycelial growth of Macrophomina phaseolina. In the field experiment, five treatments were tested for the management of wilt and dry root rot disease, T3- ST+ SA with Actinomycetes (AC 5) significantly recorded 71.92 and 70.38 per cent reduction of the wilt and dry root rot diseases, respectively. These biocontrol agents were used an alternative to the chemical fungicide for controlling the wilt and dry root rot incidence and enhanced the plant growth parameters and there by increased yield in redgram.

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