scholarly journals Fungal pathogens of the genus Fusarium in winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. protected with fungicides in north-eastern Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Adam Okorski ◽  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Joanna Jarmołkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Wheat Grain

Various diagnostic methods were used to evaluate the effect of fungicide protection on the prevalence of pathogenic fungi in wheat grain. Winter wheat cv. Nutka and Zyta was grown during a field experiment established in the Production and Experimental Station in Bałcyny in 2006–2007. The experimental factor was chemical crop protection: epoxiconazole, kresoxim-methyl and fenpropimorph applied at growth stages BBCH 33–35 as well as dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole applied at BBCH 51–53. In this experiment, microscopic observations and conventional PCR assays were used as complementary methods. The quantification of <em>Fusarium</em> <em>poae</em> DNA by qPCR demonstrated the effectiveness of chemical protection against the analyzed fungal species. Lower monthly precipitation levels and higher daily temperatures intensified grain infections, in particular those caused by <em>F</em>. <em>poae</em>. A significant correlation was determined between the number of <em>F</em>. <em>poae</em> cultures isolated from winter wheat grain and the quantity of pathogenic DNA in grain identified by qPCR. Grain infections caused by <em>F</em>.<em> poae</em> lowered yield and thousand seed weight.

scholarly journals Alternative Molecular-Based Diagnostic Methods of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Affecting Berry Crops—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Malarczyk ◽  
Jacek Panek ◽  
Magdalena Frąc
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Harmful Effects

Increasing consumer awareness of potentially harmful pesticides used in conventional agriculture has prompted organic farming to become notably more prevalent in recent decades. Central European countries are some of the most important producers of blueberries, raspberries and strawberries in the world and organic cultivation methods for these fruits have a significant market share. Fungal pathogens are considered to be the most significant threat to organic crops of berries, causing serious economic losses and reducing yields. In order to ameliorate the harmful effects of pathogenic fungi on cultivations, the application of rapid and effective identification methods is essential. At present, various molecular methods are applied for fungal species recognition, such as PCR, qPCR, LAMP and NGS.

scholarly journals Mitotic Recombination and Adaptive Genomic Changes in Human Pathogenic Fungi

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiya Gusa ◽  
Sue Jinks-Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Break Site ◽  
Repair Mechanisms

Genome rearrangements and ploidy alterations are important for adaptive change in the pathogenic fungal species Candida and Cryptococcus, which propagate primarily through clonal, asexual reproduction. These changes can occur during mitotic growth and lead to enhanced virulence, drug resistance, and persistence in chronic infections. Examples of microevolution during the course of infection were described in both human infections and mouse models. Recent discoveries defining the role of sexual, parasexual, and unisexual cycles in the evolution of these pathogenic fungi further expanded our understanding of the diversity found in and between species. During mitotic growth, damage to DNA in the form of double-strand breaks (DSBs) is repaired, and genome integrity is restored by the homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining pathways. In addition to faithful repair, these pathways can introduce minor sequence alterations at the break site or lead to more extensive genetic alterations that include loss of heterozygosity, inversions, duplications, deletions, and translocations. In particular, the prevalence of repetitive sequences in fungal genomes provides opportunities for structural rearrangements to be generated by non-allelic (ectopic) recombination. In this review, we describe DSB repair mechanisms and the types of resulting genome alterations that were documented in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The relevance of similar recombination events to stress- and drug-related adaptations and in generating species diversity are discussed for the human fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.

scholarly journals Correlations between grain yield and related traits in winter wheat under multi-environmental traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
N. Tsenov ◽  
T. Gubatov ◽  
I. Yanchev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike

Abstract. In a series of field trials, a database of quantitative traits associated with winter wheat grain yield has been collected. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationships between the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) traits of productivity in environments causing the maximum possible variation of each of the traits. In order to determine the correlations between the quantitative characters studied, all possible statistical methods have been applied (regression analysis, PCA, Multiple Correspondence analysis), which complement each other. It was found that the nature of the correlations between traits depends to a large extent on the methods for their evaluation. There are high and significant correlations between grain yields and the grain number per spike (weight of grain per spike and number of grains per m2) even under strong genotype by environment interaction of all the traits in trails. The established results are related to possible options for increasing winter wheat grain yield by breeding.

scholarly journals Cultivar-specific accumulation of iron, manganese, zinc and copper in winter wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milivojević ◽  
Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević ◽  
Vera Đekić ◽  
Kristina Luković ◽  
Zoran Simić
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
Iron Manganese

scholarly journals Variation Characteristics in Growth Stages of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) And Prediction Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 737-746
Author(s):  
Weili Wang ◽  
Xuhui Zhang ◽  
Zhaotang Shang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Variation Characteristics

The variation characteristics of growth stages of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the climate change were measured by designing its stability and prediction model. Results showed the trend of stability of growth stage of winter wheat in Jiangsu province of China was an S-shaped curve indicating the growth of winter wheat was more stable in late stage. The lengths of early and late stages of growth were in inverse proportion. Specifically, when the early stage was prolonged, the late stage was shortened, which ensured the relative stability of the length of growth stage. The length of growth stage was correlated with the meteorological conditions. Thus, favorable meteorological conditions contributed to the stability of growth stages of winter wheat. Along with the climate change, the basic statistical characteristics of growth stage remained stable. Each stage drifted moderately under the variation of meteorological conditions, typically during the stage of vegetative growth. The growth process can be regulated by means of variety improvement, adjustment of sowing time and density, reasonable fertilization, and the use of growth regulators. These measures are able to counteract the influences of climate change on winter wheat production and ensure the production security. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(3): 737-746, 2021 (September) Special

scholarly journals Remote homology clustering identifies lowly conserved families of effector proteins in plant-pathogenic fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy A. B. Jones ◽  
Paula M. Moolhuijzen ◽  
James K. Hane
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Homology Inference ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
Inference Methods

Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens are typically initiated by molecular interactions between ‘effector’ molecules released by a pathogen and receptor molecules on or within the plant host cell. In many cases these effector-receptor interactions directly determine host resistance or susceptibility. The search for fungal effector proteins is a developing area in fungal-plant pathology, with more than 165 distinct confirmed fungal effector proteins in the public domain. For a small number of these, novel effectors can be rapidly discovered across multiple fungal species through the identification of known effector homologues. However, many have no detectable homology by standard sequence-based search methods. This study employs a novel comparison method (RemEff) that is capable of identifying protein families with greater sensitivity than traditional homology-inference methods, leveraging a growing pool of confirmed fungal effector data to enable the prediction of novel fungal effector candidates by protein family association. Resources relating to the RemEff method and data used in this study are available from https://figshare.com/projects/Effector_protein_remote_homology/87965.

scholarly journals Technological qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Venka 1 common winter wheat variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N. 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring wheat tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation is applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the yield of wet gluten, as well as an increase in the content of N, P, K and protein in wheat grain. It has been proven that the combined use of biodynamic and biological preparations increases the content of dry matter, organic matter and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in wheat grain. The content of crude proteins has been shown to increase only in the varieties treated with biodynamic and biological preparations.

Herbicides for Winter-hardy Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Yields

Diclofop at 840 g ai/ha, fenoxaprop at 90 g ai/ha, and imazamethabenz at 530 g ai/ha fall-applied controlled wild oat 96, 99, and 95% and increased wheat grain yields 26, 29, and 24%, respectively. These herbicides controlled wild oat over a wider range of growth stages than current labels indicate. The same treatments applied in March were less effective for wild oat control and did not increase wheat yield.

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