The relationship between the arrangement of rays in secondary phloem and grain inclination in the wood of Pinus silyestris L. and Picea abies Karst
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The arrangement of rays in cross sections of secondary phloem and the wood grain on the tangential and radial surfaces of wood columns from <i>Pinus silvestris</i> and <i>Picea abies</i> was studied. It was found that in most cases the rays were slanted and deviated from the geometric radius in either the S-direction (to the left) or in the Z-direction (to the right) when the cross section of the stem was observed from above. The S-type deviation dominated in those stems in which the wood grain in the peripheral parts was of the S-type (left-oriented), whereas the deviation of rays in the Z-direction was found to dominate in those objects, in which the wood grain in the peripheral parts of the stem was of the Z-type (right-oriented).
2012 ◽
Vol 476-478
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pp. 2209-2212
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2013 ◽
Vol 433-435
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pp. 2277-2281
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2009 ◽
Vol 24
(02n03)
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pp. 450-453
2020 ◽
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