scholarly journals Aluminium effects on pyridine nucleotide redox state in roots of Scots pine

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lorenc-Plucińska ◽  
Piotr Karolewski
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Reduction Charge ◽  
Al Treatment

After prolonged (3-9 weeks) hydroponic treatment of Scots pine seedlings with different concentrations (0.5-4.0 mM) of Al (AI(N0<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>), the levels of pyridine nucleotides were determined in root homogenates. After 3 weeks of Al stress, a significant decrease of the anabolic reduction charge (ARC: NADPH/(NADP<sup>+</sup> + NADPH)) and an increase of the redox status (NAD(P)H/NAD(P)<sup>+</sup>), catabolic reduction charge (CRC: NADH/(NAD<sup>+</sup> + NADH)) and phosphorylation capacity expressed as NADP<sup>+</sup>/NAD<sup>+</sup> ratio was found in the 4.0 mM Al treatment. After 6 weeks, Al at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mM induced an enhancement of the NADH level and a reduction of NADPH level, but the redox ratios were not changed significantly. After 9 weeks treatment with Al concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 4.0 mM, decreases of the relative level of NADP<sup>+</sup>, NADPH and NADH and increases of NAD<sup>+</sup> were found. Consequently, the CRC, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)<sup>+</sup> and NADP<sup>+</sup>/NAD<sup>+</sup> ratios reached a minimum and ARC a maximum as compared to previous measurements.

Differential regulation of voltage-gated K+ channels by oxidized and reduced pyridine nucleotide coenzymes

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (2) ◽  
pp. C366-C376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas M. Tipparaju ◽  
Nina Saxena ◽  
Si-Qi Liu ◽  
Rajiv Kumar ◽  
Aruni Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Redox State ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Open Probability ◽  
Kv Channels ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Dependent Inactivation ◽  
Single Channel Activity

The activity of the voltage-sensitive K+ (Kv) channels varies as a function of the intracellular redox state and metabolism, and several Kv channels act as oxygen sensors. However, the mechanisms underlying the metabolic and redox regulation of these channels remain unclear. In this study we investigated the regulation of Kv channels by pyridine nucleotides. Heterologous expression of Kvα1.5 in COS-7 cells led to the appearance of noninactivating currents. Inclusion of 0.1–1 mM NAD+ or 0.03–0.5 mM NADP+ in the internal solution of the patch pipette did not affect Kv currents. However, 0.5 and 1 mM NAD+ and 0.1 and 0.5 mM NADP+ prevented inactivation of Kv currents in cells transfected with Kvα1.5 and Kvβ1.3 and shifted the voltage dependence of activation to depolarized potentials. The Kvβ-dependent inactivation of Kvα currents was also decreased by internal pipette perfusion of the cell with 1 mM NAD+. The Kvα1.5-Kvβ1.3 currents were unaffected by the internal application of 0.1 mM NADPH or 0.1 or 1 mM NADH. Excised inside-out patches from cells expressing Kvα1.5-Kvβ1.3 showed transient single-channel activity. The mean open time and the open probability of these currents were increased by the inclusion of 1 mM NAD+ in the perfusate. These results suggest that NAD(P)+ prevents Kvβ-mediated inactivation of Kv currents and provide a novel mechanism by which pyridine nucleotides could regulate specific K+ currents as a function of the cellular redox state [NAD(P)H-to-NAD(P)+ ratio].

Pyridine nucleotide levels and ratios in Aspergillus niger

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Führer ◽  
C. P. Kubicek ◽  
M. Röhr
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotides ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Reduction Charge ◽  
Citric Acid Accumulation

A reliable method for the extraction and assay of pyridine nucleotides (NAD, NADH, NADP, and NADPH) in filamentous fungi is presented. The method is applied to a study of the physiology of citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger. The measurement of "catabolic reduction charge" (NADH/(NAD + NADH)) and "anabolic reduction charge" (NADPH/(NADP + NADPH)) as a means of characterizing the metabolic state is discussed.

Silvicultural characteristics of a Scots pine stand on drift sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Maddelein ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Regeneration

The  study of a seventy years old stand of Scots pine on drift sands proves that  Scots pine growth on these sites was and is still relatively good: average  diameter 27.6 cm, average height 19.4 m, standing volume 213 m3 and an annual increment  of 4.9 m3.ha-1.yr-1. All Scots pines  belong to the upper storey. Yet considerable differences in crown development  and vitality are observed. The current growth rate and the spontaneous  settlement of pine seedlings under canopy show the ideal conditions for the  creation of a high forest with reserves. Anyway a rotation period of more  than 70 years is recommendable.     On several places a consolidated regeneration of Scots pine seedlings under  canopy occur. Groups with a stem number of 700 to 3,500 seedlings per are, ranging  in age from 3 to 11 years and in height from 10 to 170 cm, are present. This  Scots pine regeneration has developed in a normal mor humus layer and in a  dense Deschampsia mat.      Broadleaved regeneration is not so abundant, and consists for 75 % of black  cherry. Absence of seed trees, browsing damage and the exclusive character of  black cherry are the limiting factors for the installation and survival of  valuable indigenous species, such as pedunculate oak.     Provided that black cherry is removed and that the regeneration is  protected against wild damage, it is possible to create a mixed forest  dominated by Scots pine but with a considerable admixture of indigenous  broadleaved trees. However, if black cherry will not be sufficiently  controlled, it can be expected that in a first phase black cherry will  dominate the understorey, that it will prevent the regeneration of all other  species and that, very soon, it will form an almost single-species dominated  stage in forest succession.

scholarly journals Effect of Prunus serotina Ehrh. Volatile Compounds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Pinus sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Halarewicz ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Paulina Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

In temperate European forests invaded by Prunus serotina Ehrh. (black cherry), a reduction in the spontaneous regeneration capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) is observed. It could be caused by various factors, including allelopathic properties of this invasive plant. In this study the phytotoxic effect of P. serotina volatile compounds on P. sylvestris and the seasonal variation in this effect were assessed. Simple assays showed that volatiles emitted from P. serotina leaves significantly inhibited root growth of P. sylvestris seedlings. Their negative effect on stem growth was much weaker. The strongest phytotoxic effect on Scots pine seedlings was caused by the volatiles emitted from the youngest black cherry leaves. In fresh foliage of P. serotina, nineteen volatile organic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The dominant compound was benzaldehyde. On the basis of tests of linalool alone, it was found that this monoterpene present in the volatile fraction has a strong allelopathic potential and inhibits germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of pine seedlings. The results of our research suggest that volatile compounds from P. serotina leaves could limited survival of P. sylvestris individuals in the seedling phase.

scholarly journals Imaging NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Cryopreserved Alveolar Macrophages from Ozone-Exposed Mice and the Impact of Nutrient Starvation during Long Lag Times

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
He N. Xu ◽  
Joanna Floros ◽  
Lin Z. Li ◽  
Shaili Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Impact

Employing the optical redox imaging technique, we previously identified a significant redox shift of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD and the reduced form NADH) in freshly isolated alveolar macrophages (AM) from ozone-exposed mice. The goal here was twofold: (a) to determine the NAD(H) redox shift in cryopreserved AM isolated from ozone-exposed mice and (b) to investigate whether there is a difference in the redox status between cryopreserved and freshly isolated AM. We found: (i) AM from ozone-exposed mice were in a more oxidized redox state compared to that from filtered air (FA)-exposed mice, consistent with the results obtained from freshly isolated mouse AM; (ii) under FA exposure, there was no significant NAD(H) redox difference between fresh AM that had been placed on ice for 2.5 h and cryopreserved AM; however, under ozone exposure, fresh AM were more oxidized than cryopreserved AM; (iii) via the use of nutrient starvation and replenishment and H2O2-induced oxidative stress of an AM cell line, we showed that this redox difference between cryopreserved and freshly isolated AM is likely the result of the double “hit”, i.e., the ozone-induced oxidative stress plus nutrient starvation that prevented freshly isolated AM from a full recovery after being on ice for a prolonged time period. The cryopreservation technique we developed eliminates/minimizes the effects of oxidative stress and nutrient starvation on cells. This method can be adopted to preserve lung macrophages from animal models or clinical patients for further investigations.

The relationship between multiple leaders and mechanical and frost damage to the apical meristem of Scots pine seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Leaders

The responses of young Scots pine seedlings to mechanical apical meristem damage before and after 4 nights exposure to minimum night temperatures of −2.2 and −6.7 °C in controlled environment growth chambers were compared with control seedlings that were subjected or not to apical meristem damage and exposed to a minimum night temperature of 12 °C. The feeding damage caused by Lygus bugs was simulated by piercing the apical meristem of young pine seedlings with a hypodermic syringe needle and injecting a small drop of distilled water into the wound. At −6.7 °C increased numbers of dead seedlings were found. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders greatly increased after piercing, and about half of the seedlings subjected to the apical meristem damage had multiple leaders. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders and the number of leader shoots per seedling did not differ among seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before or after the frost exposure. Short and twisted primary needles occurred in the basal parts of the new shoots in the seedlings with multiple leaders. Seedlings with necrotic needles were most often found after exposure to the night temperature of −6.7 °C. Shoot dry weight and length were significantly lower in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage after frost exposure than in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before frost exposure or to no frost exposure. The results suggest that an increased reduction in growth is to be expected if Lygus bug attacks occur on pine seedlings that already suffer from frost injury.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Glutathione Redox Status as a Possible Tumor Marker in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Delia Acevedo-León ◽  
Lidia Monzó-Beltrán ◽  
Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril ◽  
Nuria Estañ-Capell ◽  
Natalia Camarasa-Lillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Thiol Redox State ◽  
Thiol Redox ◽  
Glutathione Redox

The role of oxidative stress (OS) in cancer is a matter of great interest due to the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their oxidation products in the initiation of tumorigenesis, its progression, and metastatic dissemination. Great efforts have been made to identify the mechanisms of ROS-induced carcinogenesis; however, the validation of OS byproducts as potential tumor markers (TMs) remains to be established. This interventional study included a total of 80 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 60 controls. By measuring reduced glutathione (GSH), its oxidized form (GSSG), and the glutathione redox state in terms of the GSSG/GSH ratio in the serum of CRC patients, we identified significant changes as compared to healthy subjects. These findings are compatible with the effectiveness of glutathione as a TM. The thiol redox state showed a significant increase towards oxidation in the CRC group and correlated significantly with both the tumor state and the clinical evolution. The sensitivity and specificity of serum glutathione levels are far above those of the classical TMs CEA and CA19.9. We conclude that the GSSG/GSH ratio is a simple assay which could be validated as a novel clinical TM for the diagnosis and monitoring of CRC.

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