FROM THE CITY TO THE METROPOLITAN AREA

This chapter considers the development of both ‘regional’ and ‘local’ funds and institutions – such as Wallimage and Pôle Image de Liège - that are designed to support local filmmaking activity and to entice projects to the city and the surrounding areas. This discussion engages with two key strands: (1) the attraction of co-production finance for ‘regional’ or ‘national’ film projects, and (2) the use of Liège as a production base. The first strand will develop the extent to which ‘regional’ film funds and institutions have production ‘knowledge’ on a local level. This is particularly the case for the Dardenne brothers, Bouli Lanners, Joachim Lafosse, Micha Wald, and Lucas Belvaux, whose films are all shot and located in the metropolitan area of Liège and are co-productions with France. The second strand. focuses on ‘runaway’ and minority-Belgian co-productions and considers how Liège has functioned as a key milieu for international co-productions, and how the city’s post-production facilities have been used for films such as De rouille et d’os (Jacques Audiard, 2012).

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Urban-Rural Synergy Between Housing Spatial Patterns and Landscape

Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering - Handbook of Research on Urban-Rural Synergy Development Through Housing, Landscape, and Tourism ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-9932-6.ch006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 115-137

Author(s):

Ana Nikezić ◽

Jelena Ristić Trajković ◽

Aleksandra Milovanović

Keyword(s):

Landscape Ecology ◽

Spatial Patterns ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Future Perspective ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Housing Typology ◽

The City ◽

Morphological System

The morphogenesis of the urban territory and its contact with the non-urbanized, natural environment of the wider metropolitan area distinguish issues of the synergy between landscape and spatial patterns in order to achieve their balance, optimization, and harmony. This chapter highlights the conceptual framework of landscape ecology as linking to place-based design approach for studying the synergy of landscape and housing spatial patterns in order to improve their integration in future perspective. The territory of the city of Belgrade is recognized as a specific spatial-morphological system that is a consequence of the urban-rural synergy between socialist housing settlements and environmental processes. The chapter points at the environmental and functional values of nature with a particular focus on housing typology in the process of urban planning and architectural design.

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New public spaces as the basic nodes for development of new city areas (case study of Kronstadt, Russia)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016404026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 04026

Author(s):

Olga Kokorina ◽

Dmitry Zinenkov ◽

Tamara Datsuk

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Current State ◽

New Public ◽

Independent Unit ◽

New City ◽

The City ◽

Further Development

The article presents research materials and analysis of factors affecting the creation of new nodes of public spaces, as starting points for the development of Kotlin Island and the city of Kronstadt. Their current state and problems, resources and opportunities are described. Currently, there is a process of rethinking the value of the coastal territories of Kronstadt, the potential of which is not realized. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is to increase the use of coastal territories by creating tourism and public-business infrastructure along the coastline. Kronstadt has a number of unique characteristics, the use of which can transfer it from degrading to developing. This is possible by creating a polycentric model in the city - new growth points, as well as rethinking the value of abandoned and coastal territories. This approach will not only increase funding, attract more people, provide a sufficient number of jobs, but also subsequently create conditions for the further development of the city as an independent unit - the center of the St. Petersburg metropolitan area.

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Formal and Informal Governance Arrangements to Boost Sustainable and Inclusive Rural-Urban Synergies: An Analysis of the Metropolitan Area of Styria

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su122410637 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 10637

Author(s):

Theresia Oedl-Wieser ◽

Kerstin Hausegger-Nestelberger ◽

Thomas Dax ◽

Lisa Bauchinger

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

City Region ◽

Informal Governance ◽

Governance Arrangement ◽

Ability To Act ◽

Uniform Region ◽

The City ◽

Governance Arrangements

In the past, the contrasts between rural and urban regions were the primary feature of analysis, while today, spatial dynamics are realized by the interactions between spaces and focus on the dependencies of rural-urban areas. This implies that boundaries are not anymore perceived as fixed but as flexible and fluid. With rising spatial interrelations, the concept of the “city-region” has been increasingly regarded as a meaningful concept for the implementation of development policies. Governance arrangements working at the rural-urban interface are often highly complex. They are characterized by horizontal and vertical coordination of numerous institutional public and private actors. In general, they provide opportunities to reap benefits and try to ameliorate negative outcomes but, due to asymmetric power relations, rural areas are often challenged to make their voice heard within city-region governance structures which can too easily become focused on the needs of the urban areas. This paper addresses these issues of rural-urban partnerships through the case of the Metropolitan Area of Styria. It presents analyses on the core issue of how to recognize the structure and driving challenges for regional co-operation and inter-communal collaboration in this city-region. Data were collected through workshops with regional stakeholders and interviews with mayors. Although the Metropolitan Area of Styria occupies an increased reference in policy discourses, the city-region has not grown to a uniform region and there are still major differences in terms of economic performance, the distribution of decision-making power, accessibility and development opportunities. If there should be established a stronger material and imagined cohesion in the city-region, it requires enhanced assistance for municipalities with less financial and personal resources, and tangible good practices of inter-municipal co-operation. The ability to act at a city-regional level depends highly on the commitment for co-operation in the formal and informal governance arrangement, and on the willingness for political compromises as well as on the formulation of common future goals.

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Regenerative Food Systems to Restore Urban-Rural Relationships: Insights from the Concepción Metropolitan Area Foodshed (Chile)

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102892 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2892 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Zazo-Moratalla ◽

Isidora Troncoso-González ◽

Andrés Moreira-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Food Systems ◽

Metropolitan Areas ◽

Local Food Systems ◽

Food Traceability ◽

Methodological Tool ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Key Aspects ◽

The City ◽

Shed Light

Cities, in recent years, have seen their functional and metabolic relationships with their agrarian hinterland being either broken off completely or substantially damaged. Within this context, Local Food Systems (LFS) can play a key role in restoring the supply relationships under regenerative assumptions. This paper analyses LFS within the Concepción Metropolitan Area (CMA) as a representative case of Metropolitan Areas in Chile. The aim of the paper is to evaluate whether LFS are regenerating sustainable rural-urban relationships, and to accomplish this goal, foodsheds have been used as a methodological tool to both characterise and represent food traceability. For this purpose, three quantitative foodshed indicators have been applied and three qualitative spatial analytical categories of the Regenerative Food Systems (RFS) defined to decode the behaviour of LFS in the CMA. The proposed method has been successful as an initial exploratory attempt to characterize the regenerative potential of RFS. The results highlight that LFS in the CMA are certainly restoring relationships between the city and its surrounding farmland by establishing new and renewed supply linkages. Further, the application of this method has shed light on some key aspects that show how an LFS is being converted into a potential RFS.

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Frequency of dermatophytes in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651998000200002 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Adelina MEZZARI

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Low Income ◽

Clinical Pathology ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The State ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Pathology Laboratory ◽

Prevalence Data ◽

The City

In order to evaluate the distribution of dermatophytes in Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, they were isolated from the skin, hairs and nails samples and retrospectively analyzed from June 1981 to June 1995, in two different institutions in the city of Porto Alegre: (i) the Serviço de Micologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas Jandyr Maya Faillace, da Secretaria de Saúde e Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul which attends the low income population (low and middle classes) and, (ii) Laboratório Weinmann, a clinical pathology laboratory which attends predominantly the higher income population (middle and upper classes), both which attend in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The dermatophyte predominance of Trichophyton rubrum was confirmed (55.33%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (21.46%). The data obtained were compared with the existing prevalence data which were collected in the interior of the state over a period of 32 years (1960-1992). T. verrucosum, T. simii, Microsporum persicolor, T. schöenleinii, M. nanum and M. cookei were isolated in the interior and have not been found in the capital so far. On the other side, T. violaceum was, isolated in the capital and has not been found in the interior so far.

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Drugs and Justice: The Impact of Drugs on Criminal Justice in a Metropolitan Community

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128793039002006 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 204-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John M. Klofas

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Criminal Justice ◽

Metropolitan Area ◽

Justice System ◽

Local Level ◽

War On Drugs ◽

Case Processing ◽

York Metropolitan Area ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

This study examines the impact of drugs on the criminal justice system of the greater Rochester (New York) metropolitan area. Although discussed widely, there has been little investigation of the effects of the “war on drugs” at the local level. This research considers patterns of arrest and case processing and includes an examination of drug treatment. Increases in arrests, particularly for possession of drugs, have occurred in the city but not the suburbs and have had a disproportionate effect on African-Americans. Many cases are processed as misdemeanors and result in minor sanctions. The implications for traditional order maintenance concerns in a metropolitan community are discussed.

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Electoral behaviour in the Kraków metropolitan area: 1993–2011

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series ◽

10.1515/bog-2017-0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (35) ◽

pp. 65-80

Author(s):

Radosław Linkowski

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Political Change ◽

The Political ◽

Voting Behaviour ◽

Economic Changes ◽

Parliamentary Elections ◽

Electoral Behaviour ◽

The City

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to describe changes in support for the four principal political options (‘right’, ‘left’, ‘liberal’, ‘peasant’) available in the Kraków Metropolitan Area (KMA) in parliamentary elections in the period 1993–2011. The electoral behaviour of the residents of the various KMA zones became increasingly similar in the study period. The political ‘distance’ between the northern commuter zone of the KMA (part of the Russian partition in the 19th c.) and the rest of the KMA, decreased significantly. The suburban zone of Kraków also changed over the course of the study period by becoming significantly similar to the city in terms of voting behaviour. This political change was largely due to substantial social and economic changes in the rural parts of the metropolitan area. Urban areas in the KMA were much more stable in their voting patterns and tended to politically resemble one another much more than rural areas. The city of Kraków and the southern part of its commuter zone – part of the Austrian partition in the 19th c. – were characterized by fewer fluctuations in voting behaviour than the two remaining parts of the KMA.

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The Strategic Dimension of the Straits Area According to the New National Metropolitan Spatial Planning and to the European Space: Strategic Corridor Platform Project

Advanced Engineering Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.11.198 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesca Moraci

Keyword(s):

Metropolitan Area ◽

Urban System ◽

Constitutional Reform ◽

Strategic Vision ◽

Metropolitan City ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Territorial Organization ◽

The Difference ◽

The City

For some time now, following the constitutional reform, the debate on the metropolitan city has been reignited. The topic has been at the centre of attention given that cohesion policies attribute to metropolitan cities a key role in planning and the constitutional reform seems to have given an answer to the spending review which wipes out the provinces and formally identifies the European Strategy under the form of a programmatic suitability of intermediate metropolitan level. This level should counterbalance the municipal egoism which provides a distorted interpretation of subsidiarity which has marked planning since the revising of Title V. Very few are acquainted with the implications and complexities of these entangled mechanisms which will fail if all conditions are not met whether they be effective, nominal or opportunity related. This explains why the term Metropolitan City is preferred to conurbation, agglomeration or metropolitan area. Metropolitan Area and City do not coincide the area is in a portion of territorial recognition which entails attractive and competitive factors, the city is identified as such only if within the territorial organization that explains why the creation of both must be ensured: the city must be promoted in terms of competition, with or without a demographic dimension, by fostering the shared political project and by creating relational and productive conditions to attract and offer services and what else is necessary. What makes the difference is how to build and what to build. The strategy and the role of the future Metropolitan City of Reggio Calabria and Messina stem from two different regulations and from the attempt to integrate interregional functions through the project I put forward: the strategic corridor platform of the Straits area. The platform is a non-confined territorial dimension which encompasses the two metropolitan cities and shares relational functions and understandings with the vast territory. It fully exploits the possibilities and available reforms in order to organize and provide the territory with competitive and functional dimensions so as to compete in Europe and in the Mediterranean. The prototype-project, the first part of the study has already been published, fosters an idea of governance and urban system which will devise, through future cohesion policies and multidimensional strategies, a single strategic vision of the territory able to dialogue at a local and Euro-Mediterranean level with the new scale economies and meet the challenges of 2020-2050. Without going into detail, the project proposes and organizes the intangible functions of the Area (new assets and networking) so as to satisfy the demand for services and infrastructures physical and non-physical (functional and international indicator).

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