Succession in Family Firms – From Planning to Successor Selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Roszko‑Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Preparation Stage ◽  
Is Evaluation ◽  
Family Entrepreneurship ◽  
Research Show

Succession is a  complex process.  It touches issues related to transfer of ownership, management and knowledge in family firms.  It is a  process that requires adequate preparation stage and needs to be planned in time. It starts much before successor involvement in business matters, and ends up with incumbent retirement. In relation to the aforementioned argumentation the aim of the paper is evaluation and synthesis of the most crucial achievements in the field of research on succession in family firms. The paper is a review of scientific works discussing the process of conducting succession in family firms, from planning stage to the successor selection. The paper is based on articles published in well‑known foreign journals and covers the period of the past 40 years. Conducted research proved that different scholars involved in family entrepreneurship research show their unabated interest in succession problems. Transferring the business to the next generation is still a controversial issue and there is no way to avoid many personal or business conflicts.

scholarly journals Cytokinin N-glucosides: Occurrence, Metabolism and Biological Activities in Plants

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Eva Pokorná ◽  
Tomáš Hluska ◽  
Petr Galuszka ◽  
H. Tucker Hallmark ◽  
Petre I. Dobrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Physiological Impact

Cytokinins (CKs) are a class of phytohormones affecting many aspects of plant growth and development. In the complex process of CK homeostasis in plants, N-glucosylation represents one of the essential metabolic pathways. Its products, CK N7- and N9-glucosides, have been largely overlooked in the past as irreversible and inactive CK products lacking any relevant physiological impact. In this work, we report a widespread distribution of CK N-glucosides across the plant kingdom proceeding from evolutionary older to younger plants with different proportions between N7- and N9-glucosides in the total CK pool. We show dramatic changes in their profiles as well as in expression levels of the UGT76C1 and UGT76C2 genes during Arabidopsis ontogenesis. We also demonstrate specific physiological effects of CK N-glucosides in CK bioassays including their antisenescent activities, inhibitory effects on root development, and activation of the CK signaling pathway visualized by the CK-responsive YFP reporter line, TCSv2::3XVENUS. Last but not least, we present the considerable impact of CK N7- and N9-glucosides on the expression of CK-related genes in maize and their stimulatory effects on CK oxidase/dehydrogenase activity in oats. Our findings revise the apparent irreversibility and inactivity of CK N7- and N9-glucosides and indicate their involvement in CK evolution while suggesting their unique function(s) in plants.

Requirements Capture for Inclusive Design Resources and Tools

Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Dong ◽  
P. John Clarkson ◽  
Simeon Keates
Keyword(s):  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Product Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Resources ◽  
User Data ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Impact

In the past twenty years, a number of resources and tools to support inclusive design have been developed. However, the impact of these resources and tools on industry is not evident — few industrialists have been using them in practice. Investigations into industry have identified unmet needs, for example, the lack of appropriate user data relating to inclusive design. The fundamental problem is that few resources and tools have been developed based on rigorous requirements capture. In fact, many of them were developed only because the developers think the information could be useful. It is essential to prepare a detailed requirements list when clarifying the task at the product planning stage. This is also true for developing resources and tools for inclusive design. Requirements capture plays an important role in identifying real needs from users and developing appropriate methods of support for them. This paper starts with a survey of available resources and tools for inclusive design, and a discussion on their merits and deficiencies in respect to industry application. A number of methods are employed for the requirements capture for an inclusive design toolkit, which leads to a consistent result. An outline of the toolkit is also presented.

scholarly journals The Practice of General Data Protection Regulations Fine and Penalty on Google Inc. vs CNIL Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maskun ◽  
Rian Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
National Development ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Research Show

Pancasila experiences ups and downs of development, not due to the weakness of the values contained therein, but rather leads to inconsistencies in its application. In line with the acceptance of the truth of noble values of Pancasila then drove the flow and spirit to make Pancasila as a paradigm. History also noted how from the past until now Pancasila often get a challenge that resulted in the crisis for the existence of the Indonesian nation. The challenge faced by Pancasila as the view of life and the foundation of the state is always directly proportional to the challenges faced by the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as a whole. Paradigm is actually a way of view, values, methods, basic principles to solve a problem faced by a nation into the future. The results of research show First, Philosophically the essence of Pancasila as the paradigm of legal development contains a consequence that all aspects of legal development within the framework of national development should be based on the nature of Pancasila values; Secondly, As a legal development paradigm, Pancasila wants that development in society becomes the starting point of the existence of a legal product.

Tourism entrepreneurship research: a perspective article

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Study

Purpose Tourism entrepreneurship is an emerging area of study that has both practical and theoretical importance. This paper aims to review past research on tourism entrepreneurship with the view of highlighting neglected areas of study. Design/methodology/approach A review of the past 75 years is conducted that highlights the gaps in the research in need of further research. Findings There is a focus on lifestyle and sustainable forms of tourism entrepreneurship without taking into account emerging technologies and other forms of entrepreneurship such as digital and societal. Originality/value This paper places emphasis on the transdisciplinary nature of tourism entrepreneurship that enables researchers to build on multiple disciplines to derive fruitful new areas of research interest.

scholarly journals Activated Protein C in Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Bench to Bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruilong Zhao ◽  
Haiyan Lin ◽  
Lara Bereza-Malcolm ◽  
Elizabeth Clarke ◽  
Christopher Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Activated Protein C ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Cutaneous Wound Healing ◽  
Cutaneous Wound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Process

Independent of its well-known anticoagulation effects, activated protein C (APC) exhibits pleiotropic cytoprotective properties. These include anti-inflammatory actions, anti-apoptosis, and endothelial and epithelial barrier stabilisation. Such beneficial effects have made APC an attractive target of research in a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Of note, the past decade or so has seen the emergence of its roles in cutaneous wound healing—a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. This review will highlight APC’s functions and mechanisms, and detail its pre-clinical and clinical studies on cutaneous wound healing.

scholarly journals Organizational Renewal in Family Firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd ◽  
Vasilis Theoharakis ◽  
Angelo Bisignano
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Path Dependency ◽  
Organizational Renewal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
High Level

The authors investigate whether organizational renewal impacts on the performance of family firms and identify aspects of ‘familiness’ acting as facilitators or inhibitors of organizational renewal. A survey instrument captured data on relevant family-related characteristics, organizational renewal and firm performance from the CEOs of 140 family firms in Greece. Regression analysis was used to test hypotheses. Strong evidence was found that organizational renewal impacts positively on the profit growth of family firms. Where CEOs had a strong growth aspiration for the future and were firm founders, and where succession planning was taking place, renewal was more likely to be enacted. Efforts are focused on creating a business that will thrive in the future, and not on curating an organizational heirloom shaped and constrained by the past. Their strong future focus liberates these family firms from possible cross-generational path dependency, allowing the special resources of their family's business to act instead as a springboard for ongoing organizational renewal. Conversely, those family firms with a high level of family altruism indicated by extensive kin employment seem to be more likely to be destined for stagnation than stewardship, as they promote (past-focused) historical family sentiment and tradition. The dangers of cross-generational path dependency indeed seem pronounced in such past-focused firms.

Paradoxes in the Pursuit of Positive Identities

2020 ◽  
pp. 617-636
Author(s):  
Mathew L. Sheep
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Identity ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Organizational Scholarship

Why do people work so hard to establish and grow an identity that is positive? Individuals in their work organizations engage in ongoing identity work to establish and sustain positive identities in pursuit of life, energy, viability, well-being, and growth. However, the pursuit of positive identities does not altogether negate the negative, nor is it a simple, linear path to growth. It is often a complex process, riddled with contradiction and tension, with aspirational identities paradoxically unfolding in a persistent tension with their opposites that can be residuals from past history and/or emergent from current crisis or perceived future threat. The literature exploring positive identities (part of a larger stream of a ‘positive’ turn in psychology and organizational scholarship) has grown steadily over the past two decades. The novel focus of this chapter is to explore the paradoxical, tensional aspects of and tactics involved in positive identity work, highlighting current perspectives, criticisms, and ways forward in research.

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