Jedzenie w polskich filmach fabularnych o tematyce obozowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (56) ◽  
pp. 132-146
Author(s):  
Jarosław Grzechowiak
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Post War ◽  
Food Motives

The article is about food motives in Polish movies and TV serieses about concentration camps. It contains analysis of movies with concentration camps theme and indication of functions in which food performs in that productions. The post-war texts in the field of psychology and memories of concentration camps memories were quoted in that article.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Gangsterism in Ukraine in the First Post-war Years (1945-1946)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Post War ◽  
Social Organizational

In 1945-1946 the considerable increase of criminality was marked in a republic. The complex of reasons of political, social, organizational, economic and psychological character influenced on it. An author set that factors, that entailed this criminal phenomenon, were, : post-war devastation, enormous scarcity of goods of daily necessity, presence of far of weapon, that was in a population (as a result of battle actions), hunger that began in 1946, full unstrength of organs of militia, insufficient professionalism of her employees, mass migration of population, is demobilization of millions of servicemen, return of far of people from evacuation, captivity, concentration camps, psychological consequences of war, that formed at certain part of population habit to violence. Did not assist the improvement of work of militia also an erroneous criminal law doctrine, that dominated in jurisprudence of time of the Stalin totalitarian mode that criminality is vestige of the past, not inherent socialism and that is why her increase, - only a defect in-process militia. To the article the far of facts that testify to complication of criminogenic situation in an investigated period and frequent displays of gangsterism in the different regions of republic is driven. The features of the normatively-legal providing of activity of organs of law and order are exposed ; character of changes is educed in organization and skilled composition of militia of Ukrainian SSR in 1945-1946. Basic directions and features of practical activity of organs of internal affairs are analysed in a fight against criminality, the results of counteraction to the militia of gangsterism are shown in an indicated period. An author marks that to the fight against criminality considerable enough attention was spared in this period, activity of militia got better gradually, but on the whole this job performances substantially influenced on reduction of displays to gangsterism some later.

Unerwünschte Rückkehrer. Staatsbürgerschaft und Eigentum deutscher Juden in der Nachkriegstschechoslowakei

Naharaim ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Spurný
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Post War ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
Second World

The issue of displacement of the German speaking population of Czechoslovakia after the Second World War has been a subject of a broader Czech, German and international debate for several decades. This article examines the position of German-speaking Jews from Czech lands returning from emigration or concentration camps after the end of the war and the process of the nationalization of citizenship and property rights in post-war Czechoslovakia. As Jews, these former citizens of Czechoslovakia were undoubtedly victims of the National Socialist terror. As people of German (or at least non-Czech) nationality, however, they fit into particular categories affected by presidential decrees. This article shows how state authorities, and local officials especially, tried to use the post-war situation to eradicate all aspects of what was called “Germanness.” The story of German-speaking Jews in post-war Czechoslovakia is an element in the process of the disintegration of the state of law in post-war central-eastern Europe.

Longing for Purity: Fascism and Nazism in the Italian and German Satirical Press (1943/1945–1963)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-494
Author(s):  
Dario Pasquini
Keyword(s):  
German Society ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
The West ◽  
Allied Occupation ◽  
East German ◽  
Nazi Past ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sources Of Contamination

This article compares Italian and German memory cultures of Fascism and Nazism using an analysis of Italian and West- and East-German satirical magazines published from 1943 to 1963. In the early post-war period, as a consequence of the anti-Fascist and anti-Nazi policies in Italy and in Germany that had been put into effect by the Allied occupation authorities, a significant part of the Italian and German public felt anxiety regarding the Fascist and the Nazi past and feared these past regimes as potential sources of contamination. But many, both in Italy and Germany, also reacted by denying that their country needed any sort of ‘purification’. This article’s main argument is that the interaction between these two conflicting positions exercised different effects in the three contexts considered. In Italy, especially during the years after 1948, the satirical press produced images that either rendered Fascism banal or praised it, representing it as a phenomenon which was an ‘internal’ and at least partly positive product of Italian society. I define this process as a sweetening ‘internalization’ of Fascism. In East Germany, by contrast, Nazism was represented through images linking the crimes committed in the Nazi concentration camps, depicted as a sort of ‘absolute evil’, with the leadership of the FRG, considered ‘external’ to ‘true’ German society. I define this process as a ‘demonizing’ externalization of Nazism, by which I mean a tendency to represent Nazism as a ‘monstrous’ phenomenon. In the West German satirical press, on the other hand, Nazism was not only ‘externalized’ by comparing it to the East German Communist dictatorship, but also ‘internalized’ by implying that it was a negative product of German society in general and by calling for public reflection on responsibility for the Nazi crimes, including West Germany as the Nazi regime’s successor. The demonization of the regime also played a crucial role in this self-critical ‘internalization’ of Nazism.

Lice in War and Peace

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Human History ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
World War ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
Post War

This chapter considers human lice, which have been parasites of humans throughout all human history and transmit a deadly bacteria that has killed millions. Analyzing lice genetics tells of divergence of humans from other apes and when humans began to wear clothing. Human body lice live in clothing and infest people only to feed. Lice spread easily among people in crowded situations and transmit bacteria causing diseases, such as typhus. The chapter relates how lice-transmitted typhus caused jail fever in early England, resulting in the deaths of more prisoners than the death penalty. Lice and typhus worsened the Irish Great Famine, as the disease killed thousands of Irish emigrating to the United States on “coffin ships.” Epidemics of typhus were prevalent in wartime, killing troops in both World War I and World War II as well as civilians in Nazi concentration camps and the Warsaw Ghetto during World War II and immediately after. Post-war use of DDT averted typhus epidemics in Europe and Japan.

Roma and Sinti as Homo Sacer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Leeb
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Concentration Camp ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Defense Counsel ◽  
Homo Sacer ◽  
Medical Experiments ◽  
University Professor ◽  
Post War

This chapter analyzes the case of the Austrian University Professor Beiglböck who led lethal medical experiments on Roma and Sinti in the Dachau concentration camp during the NS regime. It traces the emergence of the “gypsy” as the paradigmatic figure of what Giorgio Agamben termed homo sacer—from being declared as vogelfrei in the fifteenth century to being exposed to death in the concentration camps of the Nazis. It also explains the ways in which Beiglböck and his defense counsel reiterated the racist NS branding of Roma and Sinti as “gypsies” as a means to exonerate Beiglböck from guilt and responsibility, which underlines how NS ideology continued to be present in the post-war trials. It lets surviving witnesses of the experiments speak about the horrors of the deadly experiments.

scholarly journals Returns from Concentration Camps

2017 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Martina Halamová
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
War Literature ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Post War

The article is concentrated on the Czech post-war literature, especially on the Czech treatment of the theme regarding returns from concentration camps in the novels written in the second half of 20th century and in contemporary literature. The presented novels, thematizing the mentioned topic, are viewed as representations of those days discourses shaped by the “course of history”. Therefore, the article follows variation of the theme as well as the modification of heros in connection with the transformation of discourses, and tries to describe the reasons of the changing.

scholarly journals The Frankfurt trial (1963—1965) and overcoming the past in Germany

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 146-158
Author(s):  
A. P. Grakhotskiy
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
German Society ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Life Imprisonment ◽  
The Past ◽  
War Criminals ◽  
Post War

In the first post-war decades in Germany the problem of crimes of the Nazi regime was hushed up. Information about the flagrant crimes of the Nazis in the concentration camps was perceived by the Germans as “propaganda of the winners”. The Frankfurt process of 1963-1965 was an event that contributed to the understanding of the criminal past of its country by the German society. Before the court in Frankfurt there appeared 22 Nazi war criminals who were accused of murder and complicity in the killing of prisoners of concentration camps and death camps of Auschwitz. During the trial, horrific facts of mass destruction of people and unprecedented cases of humiliation of human dignity were revealed. The position of the prosecution was that the defendants voluntarily served in Auschwitz, realizing that the main purpose of the operation of the camp is the mass destruction of Jews, purposefully participating in the implementation of a common criminal plan. The defense adhered to the strategy that the defendants were only weak-willed executors of the orders of the highest Nazi leadership and were forced to commit crimes at the risk of their own lives. None of the accused pleaded guilty, and in their closing speeches they expressed neither regret nor remorse to the victims and their relatives. The verdict of the jury was soft: only 6 accused were sentenced to life imprisonment, the rest received various (from 3 to 14 years) terms of imprisonment, three were acquitted. However, the significance of the Frankfurt trial exceeds the purpose of the criminal punishment of the Nazi criminals. The process became a milestone in the course of overcoming by the Germans of their recent past, the awareness of the responsibility of German society for the crimes of national socialism.

scholarly journals Świadkowie Jehowy w Wielkopolsce – część I (lata 1918–1950)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Jan Miłosz
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Jehovah’S Witnesses ◽  
Jehovah's Witnesses ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Post War

Świadkowie Jehowy są obecni w Wielkopolsce od ponad stu lat. Każdy z podokresów z tego stulecia pełen był różnych wydarzeń dotykających zarówno całą ich wspólnotę, jak i pojedynczych jej członków. Początki w okresie międzywojennym – częściowo jako legalne stowarzyszenie, ale też jako grupa stykająca się z niezrozumieniem i z próbami delegalizacji. Okres okupacji hitlerowskiej – pełen tragicznych losów całej wspólnoty i poszczególnych wyznawców, którzy w obozach koncentracyjnych, nosząc opaskę z fioletowym trójkątem, byli ofiarami tego systemu. Okres powojenny to kolejny etap funkcjonowania wyznania Świadków Jehowy w Wielkopolsce. Do roku 1950, na którym kończy się I część niniejszego artykułu, Stowarzyszenie Świadków Jehowy działało w sposób legalny, choć już wówczas władze komunistyczne starały się poprzez działania administracyjne ograniczyć jego funkcjonowanie. Działania te uzmysłowiły Świadkom Jehowy, że ich krótka legalna działalność może zostać w gwałtowny sposób zakończona. Stało się to w połowie 1950 roku. Jehovah’s Witnesses in Greater Poland — part I (years 1918–1950) Jehovah’s Witnesses have operated in Greater Poland for over a hundred years. Each sub-period of this century was full of events affecting both the whole community and its individual members: their early days in the interwar period — partially as a legal association, but also as a group facing misunderstanding and attempts to ban its operation; the period of Nazi occupation — full of tragic events for both the whole community and individual members who fell victim to the system and wore purple triangle badges in concentration camps; post-war period — yet another stage of Jehovah’s Witnesses’ functioning in Greater Poland. This article details their history until the year 1950, until which point the Jehovah’s Witnesses association operated legally, though the communist authorities already tried to limit their functioning through administrative decisions. Those actions made Jehovah’s Witnesses aware that their short-lived legal operation might come to an abrupt end. And in the mid-1950 — it did.

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