AMMONIA EMISSION FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND ON A REGIONAL SCALE

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz ◽  
Antoni Faber
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
National Centre

The aim of the study was to present ammonia emissions from animal production on a regional scale in 2016. Emission estimates in particular regions were based on methodology developed by EEA in 2016 and applied in Poland by The National Centre for Emissions Management (NCEM). The conducted analyses were based on the size of livestock population, farming system and emission factors at every stage of manure management. The analysis showed substantial spatial differentiation of ammonia emissions from animal production. Voivodships that accounted for the biggest share in emissions from cattle farming were as follows: Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Wielkopolskie. Estimated emissions in these voivodships amounted to: 47.4, 32.8 and 21.7 Gg NH3, respectively. The highest levels of ammonia emissions from pig production were identified in the region of Wielkopolska. Ammonia emissions in this voivodship amounted to 16.2 Gg NH3. The Wielkopolska region is also distinguished by the highest ammonia emissions from poultry production. The emissions equaled 11.4 Gg NH3 and accounted for 24.1% of total emissions in this region. The realization of reduction commitments for ammonia imposed by the NEC Directive depends on the introduction of a set of changes in livestock production: regarding the housing method, animal nutrition, fertilizer storage and application as well as dissemination of good agricultural practices aiming at ammonia emission reduction.

REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF REDUCING AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (4) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Anna Jędrejek
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Total Ammonia

The main purpose of this paper was to present ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture, on a regional scale, in 2017, and identify recommendable agricultural practices limiting ammonia emissions. The methodology used to estimate emissions was based on the approach of the National Centre for Emissions Management (KOBiZE). Analyses were based on statistical data of Statistics Poland (GUS), from 2017. The results of the conducted study showed significant spatial differentiation of ammonia emissions from agriculture. The region of Wielkopolska had the highest NH3 emissions at a level of 34.5 kg NH3 per ha UAA. Lower ammonia emissions were identified in the following regions: Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Łódzkie, Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie, between 20.3-24.7 kg NH3/ha UAA. In total ammonia emissions from agriculture, in Poland, 76.8% constituted emissions from the management of natural fertilisers. The Wielkopolskie and Podlaskie voivodships have a majority share in the emissions of ammonia from animal production – 29.1 and 21.3 kg NH3/ha UAA, respectively. Whereas, ammonia emissions from plant production in 2017 was 66 Gg, which equals 4.6 kg NH3/ha UAA. The highest emission of ammonia from plant production was detected in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Opolskie and Dolnośląskie voivodships, in regions characterized by the most intensive crop production. Estimated emissions were 6.9, 6.2 and 6.0 kg NH3/ha UAA, respectively. A reduction of ammonia emissions from agriculture can be obtained through the proper maintenance of livestock and natural fertilisers, and the implementation of low-carbon methods of the application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ammonia emissions from filtration of digestate used for fertigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Righi Ricco ◽  
Alberto Finzi ◽  
Viviana Guido ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
Omar Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Inverse Dispersion

Fertigation can be a suitable technique for utilizing digestate, minimizing nitrogen losses, and contributing to circularity within a farming system. For this purpose, digestate usually is first processed with a screw-press separator. However, further filtration is required to remove particles that could clog the nozzles of drip or sprinkling irrigation systems. Advanced filtration can be obtained using mechanical separation with screens having openings of 100- 300 μm. This operation can be another source of ammonia emission, but this aspect has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the emissions from three different filtration systems for digestate. The study was conducted in three different farms located in Lombardy (Italy) using digestate to fertigate maize by drip irrigation (two farms) and pivot irrigation (one farm). Ammonia emissions were measured with passive samplers and the fluxes were examined using an inverse dispersion model implemented in Windtrax software. The emissions were measured both when the filtration systems were in operation and when they were switched off. Ammonia emissions (mean values between 375 and 876 μg NH3/m2/s) tended to increase during operation of the filtration systems. However, no significant differences were found in the emissions from active and inactive equipment on any of the farms. The emissions from the filtration systems were higher than from a storage tank (22-67 μg NH3/m2/s). However, the mean emissions amounted to only 0.3% of the nitrogen content of the digestate. These emissions can be considered irrelevant in the context of the whole management scheme for digestate. This work provides a first insight on ammonia emissions arising from advanced filtration of digestate, with specific reference to Po Valley farming systems. Further studies are required to improve knowledge about emissions from the entire digestate management process, including the treatments required for specific application techniques.

scholarly journals Modelling changes in secondary inorganic aerosol formation and nitrogen deposition in Europe from 2005 to 2030

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Eiof Jonson ◽  
Hilde Fagerli ◽  
Thomas Scheuschner ◽  
Svetlana Tsyro
Keyword(s):  
Critical Loads ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Reduced Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Aerosol ◽  
Oxidised Nitrogen

Abstract. Secondary inorganic PM2.5 particles are formed from SOx, NOx and ammonia emissions, through the formation of either ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate. EU limits and WHO guidelines for PM2.5 levels are frequently exceeded in Europe, in particular in the winter months. In addition the critical loads for eutrophication are exceeded in most of the European continent. Further reductions in ammonia emissions and other PM precursors beyond the 2030 requirements could alleviate some of the health burden from fine particles, and also reduce the deposition of nitrogen to vulnerable ecosystems. Using the regional scale EMEP/MSC-W model, we have studied the effects of year 2030 ammonia emissions on PM2.5 concentrations and depositions of nitrogen in Europe in the light of present (2017) and past (2005) conditions. Our calculations show that in Europe the formation of PM2.5 from ammonia to a large extent is limited by the ratio between the emissions of ammonia on one hand, and SOx plus NOx, on the other hand. As the ratio of ammonia to SOx and NOx is increasing, the potential to further curb PM2.5 levels through reductions in ammonia emissions is decreasing. Here we show that per gram of ammonia emissions mitigated, the resulting reductions in PM2.5 levels simulated using 2030 emissions are about a factor of 2.6 lower than when 2005 emissions are used. However, this ratio is lower in winter, thus further reductions in the ammonia emissions in winter may have similar potentials as SOx and NOx in curbing PM2.5 levels in this season. Following the expected reductions of ammonia emission, depositions of reduced nitrogen should also decrease in Europe. However, as the reductions in NOx emission are larger than for ammonia, the fraction of total nitrogen (reduced plus oxidised nitrogen) deposited as reduced nitrogen is increasing and may exceed 60 % in most of Europe by 2030. Thus the potential for future reductions in the exceedances of critical loads for eutrophication in Europe will mainly rely on the ability to reduce ammonia emissions.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF REDUCING AMMONIA EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE – SCENARIO FOR 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz ◽  
Antoni Faber
Keyword(s):  
Animal Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
European Environment Agency ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Total Ammonia ◽  
Environment Agency

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of ammonia emission reduction in 2030 by undertaking the activities specified in the “Advisory code of good agricultural practice for the reduction of ammonia emissions”. The methodology published by the European Environment Agency in 2016 has been used to estimate emissions. Projections were carried out for each type of category (animal production, use of mineral nitrogen fertilizers) and the total ammonia emission in 2030 was calculated, all results were compared to the base year 2005. Analyses have shown that the targets indicated in the NEC Directive would not be easy to achieve. Without the implementation of actions reducing ammonia emissions, it is expected that total emissions will rise by 2.7% by 2030. However, if we consider both emission categories separately, we can predict that NH3 emissions will increase more than 45% from the use of mineral fertilisers and decrease by 6% from animal production. The most significant reduction in total ammonia emissions can be achieved through ploughing manure immediately (preferably within 4 hours) after application. Another technique involves the replacement of urea with ammonium nitrate (-12.4%) and the splashless application of slurry with parallel ploughing of manure (-11.0%) that gives ample opportunity to achieve a notable reduction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Loubet ◽  
Marco Carozzi ◽  
Polina Voylokov ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cohan ◽  
Robert Trochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation

Abstract. Tropospheric ammonia (NH3) is a threat to the environment and human health and is mainly emitted by agriculture. Ammonia volatilisation following application of nitrogen in the field accounts for more than 40 % of the total ammonia emissions in France. This hence represents a major loss of nitrogen use efficiency which needs to be reduced by appropriate agricultural practices. In this study we evaluate a novel method to infer ammonia volatilisation from small agronomic plots made of multiple treatments with repetition. The method is based on the combination of a set of ammonia diffusion sensors exposed for durations of 3 hours to 1 week, and a short-range atmospheric dispersion model, used to retrieve the emissions from each plot. The method is evaluated by mimicking ammonia emissions from an ensemble of 9 plots with a resistance-analogue-compensation-point surface exchange scheme over a yearly meteorological database separated into 28-days periods. A multi-factorial simulation scheme is used to test the effects of sensor number and heights, plot dimensions, source strengths and background concentrations, on the quality of the inference method. We further demonstrate by theoretical considerations in the case of an isolated plot that inferring emissions with diffusion sensors integrating over daily periods will always lead to underestimations due to correlations between emissions and atmospheric transfer. We evaluated these underestimations as −8 % ± 6 % of the emissions for a typical western European climate. For multiple plots, we find that this method would lead to median underestimations of −16 % with an interquartile [−8 % −22 %] for two treatments differing by a factor of up to 20 and a control treatment with no emissions. We further evaluate the methodology for varying background concentrations and ammonia emission patterns and demonstrate the low sensitivity of the method to these factors. The method was also tested in a real case and proved to provide sound evaluations of ammonia losses from surface applied and incorporated slurry. We hence showed that this novel method should be robust and suitable for estimating ammonia emissions from agronomic plots. Further work should anyway be produced for validating this method in real conditions.

Legislative tools in the Czech watershed management policy

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
J. Holas ◽  
M. Konvicková
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Running Water ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Law System ◽  
Water Quality Regulations

Potential environmental impacts as a result of large-scale farming system in the Czech Republic have created a great deal of concern in recent years. This concern has led to several studies to identify the role of new regulations, directives and other legislative issues in the field of water pollution control. The set of legislative tools related to watershed management policy to promote better agricultural practices is shortly reviewed. The paper emphasises the running water law system amendment with respect to European community water quality regulations.

scholarly journals Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kamil Roman ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Jan Barwicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Air Exchange

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.

An Investigation on Aldehyde and Ammonia Emissions from a 4-Stroke Gasoline-Fueled Motorcycle. Ammonia Emission Reduction by using a SCR Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Daemme ◽  
Renato de Arruda Penteado ◽  
Cláudio Furlan ◽  
Marcelo Errera ◽  
Fátima M. Z. Zotin
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Scr Catalyst

SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, HISTORY, SYMPTOMS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Al-Khalaifah ◽  
Mohammad Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Ateeqi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Health ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Classification Structure

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.

Prevalence of Salmonella on Raw Poultry at Retail Markets in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1724-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOWEI YANG ◽  
MEILI XI ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
SHENGHUI CUI ◽  
TIANLI YUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Inspection Service ◽  
Raw Poultry

Data regarding Salmonella on raw poultry are very limited in China. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on raw poultry at the retail level in six provinces and two national cities in China. Whole chicken carcasses (n = 1,152) were collected from three types of retail markets (large, small, and wet). All samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service method. Of 1,152 chicken samples, overall Salmonella prevalence was 52.2%. The highest prevalence was observed in Guangxi Province (65.3%), next in Guangdong Province (64.6%), and then in Beijing (63.9%), Shaanxi Province (50.7%), Henan Province (47.9%), Shanghai (44.4%), and Fujian Province (42.4%), and lowest prevalence was observed in Sichuan Province (38.9%). Salmonella prevalence was significantly different among the six provinces and two national cities. Salmonella prevalence was highest in the wet markets (54.4%) compared with the large markets (50.3%) and the small markets (52.1%), but differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Good manufacturing practices, good agricultural practices, and hazard analysis critical control point systems for Salmonella control in poultry production at the farm, processing, and retail level should be implemented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document