scholarly journals Evaluation of ammonia emissions from filtration of digestate used for fertigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celeste Righi Ricco ◽  
Alberto Finzi ◽  
Viviana Guido ◽  
Elisabetta Riva ◽  
Omar Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Inverse Dispersion

Fertigation can be a suitable technique for utilizing digestate, minimizing nitrogen losses, and contributing to circularity within a farming system. For this purpose, digestate usually is first processed with a screw-press separator. However, further filtration is required to remove particles that could clog the nozzles of drip or sprinkling irrigation systems. Advanced filtration can be obtained using mechanical separation with screens having openings of 100- 300 μm. This operation can be another source of ammonia emission, but this aspect has not been adequately investigated. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the emissions from three different filtration systems for digestate. The study was conducted in three different farms located in Lombardy (Italy) using digestate to fertigate maize by drip irrigation (two farms) and pivot irrigation (one farm). Ammonia emissions were measured with passive samplers and the fluxes were examined using an inverse dispersion model implemented in Windtrax software. The emissions were measured both when the filtration systems were in operation and when they were switched off. Ammonia emissions (mean values between 375 and 876 μg NH3/m2/s) tended to increase during operation of the filtration systems. However, no significant differences were found in the emissions from active and inactive equipment on any of the farms. The emissions from the filtration systems were higher than from a storage tank (22-67 μg NH3/m2/s). However, the mean emissions amounted to only 0.3% of the nitrogen content of the digestate. These emissions can be considered irrelevant in the context of the whole management scheme for digestate. This work provides a first insight on ammonia emissions arising from advanced filtration of digestate, with specific reference to Po Valley farming systems. Further studies are required to improve knowledge about emissions from the entire digestate management process, including the treatments required for specific application techniques.

AMMONIA EMISSION FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND ON A REGIONAL SCALE

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Jarosz ◽  
Antoni Faber
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
National Centre

The aim of the study was to present ammonia emissions from animal production on a regional scale in 2016. Emission estimates in particular regions were based on methodology developed by EEA in 2016 and applied in Poland by The National Centre for Emissions Management (NCEM). The conducted analyses were based on the size of livestock population, farming system and emission factors at every stage of manure management. The analysis showed substantial spatial differentiation of ammonia emissions from animal production. Voivodships that accounted for the biggest share in emissions from cattle farming were as follows: Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Wielkopolskie. Estimated emissions in these voivodships amounted to: 47.4, 32.8 and 21.7 Gg NH3, respectively. The highest levels of ammonia emissions from pig production were identified in the region of Wielkopolska. Ammonia emissions in this voivodship amounted to 16.2 Gg NH3. The Wielkopolska region is also distinguished by the highest ammonia emissions from poultry production. The emissions equaled 11.4 Gg NH3 and accounted for 24.1% of total emissions in this region. The realization of reduction commitments for ammonia imposed by the NEC Directive depends on the introduction of a set of changes in livestock production: regarding the housing method, animal nutrition, fertilizer storage and application as well as dissemination of good agricultural practices aiming at ammonia emission reduction.

Ammonia emission from dairy cow manure stored in a lagoon over summer

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M McGinn ◽  
T. Coates ◽  
T K Flesch ◽  
B. Crenna
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
N Pollution ◽  
Significant Pathway ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure

It is recognized that volatilized ammonia (NH3) from intensive livestock production can be a significant pathway for nitrogen (N) pollution to land and water, and can contribute to poor air quality. The objectives of our study were to document NH3 emissions from a dairy lagoon and to assess the influence of meteorology on NH3 emissions. Ammonia emissions were determined using a backward Lagrangian Stochastic approach using WindTrax software, an open-path NH3 laser and a sonic anemometer. Results indicate that an average 5.1 ± 1.6 g NH3 m-2 d-1 was released over the summer; however, the emission varied typically over 24 h between 3.6 and 8.6 g NH3 m-2 d-1. Wind speed and surface temperature of the lagoon had similar influences on the magnitude of the release, where their direct impact on NH3 emission accounted for 28 and 31% of the variability, respectively. The main implication of this study is that NH3 losses are significant from dairy lagoons, contributing to the issue of N pollution. As well, NH3 emissions are a loss of valuable N for manure used as fertilizer, which in our study amounted to approximately 13% of the total ammoniacal N content of the manure in the lagoon. Key words: Ammonia, dairy, manure, cattle, dispersion model

scholarly journals Evaluation of a new inference method for estimating ammonia volatilisation from multiple agronomic plots

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Loubet ◽  
Marco Carozzi ◽  
Polina Voylokov ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cohan ◽  
Robert Trochard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Background Concentrations ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
Surface Exchange ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Ammonia Volatilisation

Abstract. Tropospheric ammonia (NH3) is a threat to the environment and human health and is mainly emitted by agriculture. Ammonia volatilisation following application of nitrogen in the field accounts for more than 40 % of the total ammonia emissions in France. This hence represents a major loss of nitrogen use efficiency which needs to be reduced by appropriate agricultural practices. In this study we evaluate a novel method to infer ammonia volatilisation from small agronomic plots made of multiple treatments with repetition. The method is based on the combination of a set of ammonia diffusion sensors exposed for durations of 3 hours to 1 week, and a short-range atmospheric dispersion model, used to retrieve the emissions from each plot. The method is evaluated by mimicking ammonia emissions from an ensemble of 9 plots with a resistance-analogue-compensation-point surface exchange scheme over a yearly meteorological database separated into 28-days periods. A multi-factorial simulation scheme is used to test the effects of sensor number and heights, plot dimensions, source strengths and background concentrations, on the quality of the inference method. We further demonstrate by theoretical considerations in the case of an isolated plot that inferring emissions with diffusion sensors integrating over daily periods will always lead to underestimations due to correlations between emissions and atmospheric transfer. We evaluated these underestimations as −8 % ± 6 % of the emissions for a typical western European climate. For multiple plots, we find that this method would lead to median underestimations of −16 % with an interquartile [−8 % −22 %] for two treatments differing by a factor of up to 20 and a control treatment with no emissions. We further evaluate the methodology for varying background concentrations and ammonia emission patterns and demonstrate the low sensitivity of the method to these factors. The method was also tested in a real case and proved to provide sound evaluations of ammonia losses from surface applied and incorporated slurry. We hence showed that this novel method should be robust and suitable for estimating ammonia emissions from agronomic plots. Further work should anyway be produced for validating this method in real conditions.

scholarly journals A Combined Citizen Science—Modelling Approach for NO2 Assessment in Torino Urban Agglomeration

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bo ◽  
Pietro Salizzoni ◽  
Federica Pognant ◽  
Roberto Mezzalama ◽  
Marina Clerico
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Urban Dispersion ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Diffusion Tubes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The #CHEARIATIRA citizen science campaign was developed in February 2019 in Torino (western part of the Po Valley megacity region). The aim of the campaign was public engagement with measuring NO2 concentrations in an urban area that often exceeds air quality standards. NO2 diffusion tubes were employed by citizens under our supervision. In this paper, we present the main outcomes of a combined approach between the #CHEARIATIRA campaign and the urban dispersion model SIRANE. The results were validated against the available public Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS). The citizens’ passive samplers and the modelled data show a good response in central districts both during the campaign interval and by annual projection. Traffic hotspots and sensitive receptors (schools, hospital) have high concentrations of NO2. Most of the study area (83% of the tubes) is subject to an increased risk of premature death according to epidemiological literature.

Regime of soil humus rural residential areas organic farming systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
L.I. Shkarivska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Organic Farming System

The changes of the soil’s humus soil within the rural areas are investigated for the organic farming system. The most significant impact of organic agriculture on humus content over 55% was observed on soddy podzolic soils (V>75%), the lowest –7,5% on typical chernozem (V≈16%). Changes in the qualitative composition of humus for the introduction of various types of organic substrates are analyzed.

Micro and Macro-level Analysis of Crop Diversification: Evidence from an Agrarian State West Bengal

2020 ◽  
pp. 489-499
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Structure Questionnaire ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Block Level ◽  
Diversified Farming Systems

The farming system in West Bengal is being shifted by integration between the set of cash crops and the main food harvest process. This change in diversified farming systems, where smallholders have a production base in rice can complement production; affect technical efficiency and farm performance. The goal of this study was to investigate the status of crop diversification on smallholders in West Bengal. First, crop diversification regions were developed in West Bengal based on the Herfindahl index, which were categorized into three regions. Three sample districts were studied separately at the block level, and 915 small farmers from 41 sample villages of 9 sample blocks were interviewed through a good structure questionnaire for field studies from the sample districts. West Bengal was gradually moving towards multiple crop production. Furthermore, increasing rice production reduced the marginal use of inputs for the production of other crops. Farming and other vital factors such as HYVs area to GCA, average holding size and per capita income in some districts of West Bengal can be identified as determinants of crop diversification.

Enhancement in productivity and income sustainability through Integrated farming system approaches for small and marginal farmers of Eastern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJEEV KUMAR ◽  
SHIVANI . ◽  
S. K. SAMAL ◽  
S. K. DWIVEDI ◽  
MANIBHUSHAN .
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Systems Models ◽  
The Cost

Integration of different components viz. livestock, fishery, horticulture, mushroom etc. along with field crops not only enhanced productivity but by-products (waste) of one component act as input for another component through resource recycling within the system. Six integrated farming systems models with suitable combinations of Crop, vegetables, fruit trees, fish, livestock, mushroom etc. were made and evaluated at the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during 2012-16 for harness maximum income, nutrient recycling and employment. Among six combinations, crop + fish + duck + goat resulted as most profitable combination in terms of productivity (RGEY- 22.2t), net income (Rs. 2,15,900/ha), additional employment (170 days/year) with income sustainability index (ISI) by 90.2. Upon nutrient recycling prepared from different wastes from the system Crop + fish + duck + goat combination added N (56.5 kg), P (39.6 kg) and K (42.7 kg) into the soil and reduced the cost of cultivation by 24 percent and was followed by crop + fish + goat combination. Crops grown under IFS mode with different types of manures produced 31 percent higher yield over conventional rice- wheat system. The contribution of crops towards the system productivity ranged from 36.4 to 56.2 %, while fish ranged from 22.0-33.5 %; for goat 25.4-32.9 %; for poultry 38.7 %; for duck 22.0-29.0 %; for cattle 32.2% and for mushroom 10.3 %.

Options for the better use of less nitrogen on livestock farms

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (s1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
J.-L. Peyraud ◽  
P. Cellier ◽  
P. Dupraz ◽  
F. Aarts ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Ammonia Emissions ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Livestock Farming Systems ◽  
Northern European ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Nitrates Directive

The previous articles have shown that preoccupations concerning discharge of nitrate emissions are not recent, even if they have not yet resulted in expected reductions. The Water Framework Directive, which aims at a ‘good’ ecological state of all aquatic environments in 2015, enlarges the objectives of the Nitrates Directive. We are currently witnessing the broadening of objectives for reducing emissions of all forms of nitrogen from livestock farming systems to other compartments, in particular the atmosphere. The reduction of ammonia emissions, which was a little concerned by the French context until now, is a priority for animal systems in several northern European countries. It is a subject of intense efforts of international regulations.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Associations for Microscopic Differential Somatic Cell Count and Specific Mastitis Pathogens in Holstein Cows in Compost-Bedded Pack and Cubicle Farming Systems

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
Patricia Wagner ◽  
Tong Yin ◽  
Kerstin Brügemann ◽  
Petra Engel ◽  
Christina Weimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The aim of the present study was to detect significant SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) effects and to annotate potential candidate genes for novel udder health traits in two different farming systems. We focused on specific mastitis pathogens and differential somatic cell fractions from 2198 udder quarters of 537 genotyped Holstein Friesian cows. The farming systems comprised compost-bedded pack and conventional cubicle barns. We developed a computer algorithm for genome-wide association studies allowing the estimation of main SNP effects plus consideration of SNPs by farming system interactions. With regard to the main effect, 35 significant SNPs were detected on 14 different chromosomes for the cell fractions and the pathogens. Six SNPs were significant for the interaction effect with the farming system for most of the udder health traits. We inferred two possible candidate genes based on significant SNP interactions. HEMK1 plays a role in the development of the immune system, depending on environmental stressors. CHL1 is regulated in relation to stress level and influences immune system mechanisms. The significant interactions indicate that gene activity can fluctuate depending on environmental stressors. Phenotypically, the prevalence of mastitis indicators differed between systems, with a notably lower prevalence of minor bacterial indicators in compost systems.

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