SARS-COV-2 CORONAVIRUS: NOMENCLATURE, CLASSIFICATION, STRUCTURE, HISTORY, SYMPTOMS EPIDEMIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSES, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Al-Khalaifah ◽  
Mohammad Al-Otaibi ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Ateeqi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Health ◽  
Production Industry ◽  
Classification Structure

With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic in December 2019 in China, and the alarming rate at which it has spread across the world has unleashed not only fear, but has taken a toll on social, economic, health, and governing capabilities of the various countries infected with the virus. The pandemic is affecting all aspects of life, including industries such as the animal production industry all over the world. This includes plant, livestock and poultry production. Food security is accordingly impacted, as these industries are vital elements that are contributing to securing food to populations worldwide. In this review, light is shed on the origin of coronaviruses with special emphasis on COVID-19. It also includes introduction of symptoms, epidemiology and pathogenesis, etiology, and prevention. As the disease progresses, scientists are working around the clock in the hope of an effective vaccine, and they managed to introduce some to the worldwide populations. The world faces challenges on a day-to-day basis until most people are vaccinated.

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Drug Designing of Ocimum Basilicum Compounds as Therapeutic Agents Against RdRp of SARS-CoV2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Shafiq ◽  
Rashid Saif ◽  
Laraib Ali ◽  
Tuba Ahmad ◽  
Anood Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
High Binding Affinity

<div>The prevailing situation of the world is challenging due to COVID-19 pandemic that is caused by SARS-CoV2. To combat with this emerging pandemic by reducing disease severity and infection, the need of hour is to develop an effective vaccine and antiviral candidates as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV2. This study was developed for the identification of potential anti-viral agents, from Ocimum basilicum against RdRp of SARS-CoV2. In this concern, nevadensin, ursolic acid, β-Sesquiphellandren, apigenin, nerolidol, nonyl acetate and geranyl acetate were screened out of fifty-seven compounds from Ocimum basilicum based on their best docking scores. The docking results were also compared with already clinically used drugs (Remdesivir and Ribavirin) against RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Molecular docking was performed using MOE software. The ADMET analysis and drug likeliness were also performed for all screened compounds by using admetSAR, pkCSM and SwissADME. Cumulatively, the optimum binding energies of screened compounds indicated their potential for drug development against SARS-CoV2. It appears promising that nevadensin exhibited a good docking score and high binding affinity towards RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Therefore, it may represent the potential to inhibit COVID-19. Hence, Ocimum basilicum nutraceuticals could be effective therapeutic candidates for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. </div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Computer-Aided Drug Designing of Ocimum Basilicum Compounds as Therapeutic Agents Against RdRp of SARS-CoV2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Shafiq ◽  
Rashid Saif ◽  
Laraib Ali ◽  
Tuba Ahmad ◽  
Anood Sohail
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
High Binding Affinity

<div>The prevailing situation of the world is challenging due to COVID-19 pandemic that is caused by SARS-CoV2. To combat with this emerging pandemic by reducing disease severity and infection, the need of hour is to develop an effective vaccine and antiviral candidates as therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV2. This study was developed for the identification of potential anti-viral agents, from Ocimum basilicum against RdRp of SARS-CoV2. In this concern, nevadensin, ursolic acid, β-Sesquiphellandren, apigenin, nerolidol, nonyl acetate and geranyl acetate were screened out of fifty-seven compounds from Ocimum basilicum based on their best docking scores. The docking results were also compared with already clinically used drugs (Remdesivir and Ribavirin) against RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Molecular docking was performed using MOE software. The ADMET analysis and drug likeliness were also performed for all screened compounds by using admetSAR, pkCSM and SwissADME. Cumulatively, the optimum binding energies of screened compounds indicated their potential for drug development against SARS-CoV2. It appears promising that nevadensin exhibited a good docking score and high binding affinity towards RdRp of SARS-CoV2. Therefore, it may represent the potential to inhibit COVID-19. Hence, Ocimum basilicum nutraceuticals could be effective therapeutic candidates for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. </div><div><br></div>

EXPLORING EX-ANTE IMPACTS AND SOCIAL AND SPORTIVE CHALLENGES OF HOSTING A FUTURE NEW INTERNATIONAL MAJOR EVENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE WORLD ROLLER GAMES IN BARCELONA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saló ◽  
Laia López
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Research Question ◽  
City Image ◽  
Local Council ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Consequences ◽  
Mega Event ◽  
The City ◽  
The Postponement

Research Question: This analysis arises from the decision of the current local council of Barcelona regarding the postponement of the sporting mega-event ‘World Roller Games’, due to a lack of a social and sportive implication in this event. This research tries to shed some light on the matter and give evidence to the local council to become the world capital of skating. The research question is to analyse whether non-economic impacts could be relevant enough to organise a mega-event.Research Methods: The methodology is based on the perception and experience of spectators and participants on four main impacts (social, economic, sports city image and sports practice) using a survey from a National Roller Skating Championship in Spain, considering that this profile of respondents have a better knowledge of the current situation of this sport.Results and Findings: There are positive expected future consequences of this mega-event to be held in Barcelona in social and sportive terms. We can also conclude that the local council must still introduce some social and sportive policies in the city in order to improve the chances of success in social, sports practice and sportive brand image development.Implications: It is demonstrated that a mega-event should not be seen purely from a perspective of business generation, especially with minority sports like roller skating. There is a clear opportunity to develop social and sportive practice initiatives that can push social cohesion throughout the city thanks to a mega-event such as this one.

COVID-19: The Unprecedented Malady-A Holistic Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viney Chawla ◽  
Pooja A Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Holistic Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Corona Viruses

Background: Corona virus disease (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly at an unprecedented scale across continents and has emerged as the single biggest risk the world has faced in modern times. Some scientists are comparing it to Spanish flu that created havoc around a century ago. The fear of death by COVID-19 looms large at the world today. The disease has reached devastating proportions since its first reports in December 2019. Doctors are having a difficult time dealing with this challenge and the microbiologists are having sleepless nights to bring about an effective vaccine for this disease. Methods: A number of research and review articles have been exhaustively reviewed. The collected data was meticulously analysed and documented. Conclusion: This paper reviews the different types of corona viruses, the structure of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID19, its transmission, virulence. Further, the article discusses the diagnosis, signs and symptoms like fever, breathlessness, cough, potential loss of taste or smell, sneezing, runny nose, fatigue, headache, sore throat and different treatment approaches including drug repurposing being tried by doctors around the globe that may come handy in the management of disease symptoms. The article describes the use of remdesivir, ribavarin, lopinavir, favipiravir, hydoxychloroquine, chloroquine, tocilizumab among others in treating COVID-19.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

The First Half of the Twentieth Century

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Welfare State

The years between 1900 and 1945 were very difficult for humanity. In this period, not only were there two world wars to survive but also some of the worst parts of the social, economic, and environmental challenges of sustainable development all began to make themselves felt. The one area in which progress was made was in the social context, in which the rights of workers and the welfare state expanded. The idea of ‘development’, especially for the developing world, also evolved in this period. In the economic arena, the world went up, and then crashed in the Great Depression, producing negative results that were unprecedented. In environmental terms, positive templates were created for some habitat management, some wildlife law, and parts of freshwater conservation. Where there was not so much success was with regard to air and chemical pollution.

scholarly journals Edible Insects and Global Food Security

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Fabio Verneau ◽  
Mario Amato ◽  
Francesco La La Barbera
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Central America ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Edible Insects ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Global Food ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Starting in 2008 and lasting up until 2011, the crisis in agricultural and, in particular, cereal prices triggered a period of riots that spread from the Mediterranean basin to the rest of the world, reaching from Asia to Central America and the African continent. [...]

scholarly journals Edible mycorrhizal fungi of the world: What is their role in forest sustainability, food security, biocultural conservation and climate change?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Pérez‐Moreno ◽  
Alexis Guerin‐Laguette ◽  
Andrea C. Rinaldi ◽  
Fuqiang Yu ◽  
Annemieke Verbeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Forest Sustainability ◽  
The World ◽  
Biocultural Conservation

The Struggle for Public Recognition: Understanding Early Marriage through the Lens of Honour and Shame in Six Countries in South Asia and West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-346
Author(s):  
Esther Miedema ◽  
Winny Koster ◽  
Nicky Pouw ◽  
Philippe Meyer ◽  
Albena Sotirova
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Public Recognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Different Parts

There is a burgeoning body of research on the role of ‘shame’ and ‘honour’ in decisions regarding early marriage in different parts of the world. Conceptualizing shame and honour as idioms through which gendered socio-economic inequalities are created and maintained, we examine early marriage decisions in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Senegal. While we acknowledge the existence of important differences between countries in terms of the nature and manifestations of shame and honour, we argue that regardless of setting, neither shame and honour, nor female sexuality and chastity can be separated from the socio-economic hierarchies and inequalities. Thus, in this article we seek to identify the cross-cutting dynamic of marriage as a means to overcome the shame associated with young single women’s sexuality, protecting family honour and social standing, and/or securing young women’s social-economic future. Building on our data and available scholarship, we question the potential of emphasizing ‘choice’ as a means of reducing early marriage and advancing women’s emancipation in international development efforts. Instead, we argue in favour of initiatives that engage with young people and caregivers on the ways in which, at grassroot levels, communities may revise narratives of respectability, marriageability and social standing.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis ◽  
Andrés López-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Vásconez González ◽  
Alejandra Barreto Grimaldos ◽  
Esteban Ortiz Prado
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World

AbstractThe new SARS-CoV-2 virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes COVID-19 disease. The newly sequenced virus appears to originate in China and rapidly spread throughout the world, becoming a pandemic that, until January 5th, 2021, has caused more than 1,866,000 deaths. Hence, laboratories worldwide are developing an effective vaccine against this disease, which will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. Currently, there more than 64 vaccine candidates, most of them aiming to induce neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein (S). These antibodies will prevent uptake through the human ACE-2 receptor, thereby limiting viral entrance. Different vaccine platforms are being used for vaccine development, each one presenting several advantages and disadvantages. Thus far, thirteen vaccine candidates are being tested in Phase 3 clinical trials; therefore, it is closer to receiving approval or authorization for large-scale immunizations.

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