Pozycja ustrojowa parlamentu finlandzkiego Eduskunty

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Viktoria Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

The hereby paper takes up the analysis of the constitutional position of the Finnish parliament Eduskunta from the moment of its establishment and as a result of its development during the centuries, with a special attention paid to the present normative state and on the basis of the hitherto constitutional practice. It aims at deriving the origin and presenting the evolution of this authority at the Finnish lands, which in consequence leads to reliable conclusions in the scope of determining its current constitutional position in the system of the supreme state authorities of Finland. The subject of the paper focuses on the analysis of the beginnings of Eduskunta’s formation and Finnish parliamentarianism, its further evolution, current composition, internal structure, functions and competences presented on the basis of the exegesis of the provisions of the binding basic law of 1999 and the parliament’s rules of procedure. The constitutional principles referring to the parliament and the analysis of Eduskunta’s relations with the other supreme state authorities, which determine the state’s form of government, seem to be of particular significance in this context, as they contribute to a more precise definition of Eduskunta’s constitutional position, as well as to pointing out its originality and dissimilarity regarding other contemporary democratic states.

scholarly journals Geneza i ewolucja parlamentu finlandzkiego Eduskunty

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Serzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Rules Of Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of

<p>The hereby paper undertakes the analysis of the genesis and evolution of the Finland’s Parliament <em>Eduskunta</em> from the moment of its establishment till nowadays, including the characteristics of its present constitutional position, being a result of its development during the centuries, with paying special attention to the current normative state and made on the basis of the hitherto constitutional practice. The article aims at deriving the origin and presenting the development of this organ in Finland, which in consequence leads to reliable conclusions in the field of determining its current constitutional position in the system of the supreme state authorities of Finland. The subject of the paper particularly focuses mostly on the analysis of the beginnings of <em>Eduskunta</em>’s formation and Finnish parliamentarianism, as well as its further evolution during different periods of its history, i.e. the time when Finland was included into the Kingdom of Sweden, the period when it was incorporated into the Russian Imperium and after it gained independence in 1917. The work also concentrates on the analysis of <em>Eduskunta</em>’s current constitutional position, its composition, internal structure, functions and competences presented on the basis of the exegesis of the provisions of the binding Basic Law of 1999 and the Parliament’s Rules of Procedure. The constitutional principles referring to the Parliament also seem to be of particular significance in this context, for they contribute to a more precise definition of <em>Eduskunta</em>’s constitutional position, as well as to pointing out its originality and dissimilarity regarding parliaments of other contemporary democratic states.</p>

Toxæmia in the Etiology of Mental Disease. a Discussion opened

1902 ◽  
Vol 48 (202) ◽  
pp. 434-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Clouston
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Association ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

Dr. Clouston said that when he suggested toxæmia to the secretary as a suitable subject for a discussion at this meeting he had not intended to be the first speaker, because his object was to bring out more fully the views of the younger members who had recently committed themselves so strongly to the toxæmic and bacterial etiology of insanity, and so to get light thrown on some of the difficulties which he and others had felt in applying this theory to many of their cases in practice. It was not that he did not believe in the toxic theory as explaining the onset of many cases, or that he under-rated its importance, but that he could not see how it applied so universally or generally as some of the modern pathological school were now inclined to insist on. He knew that it was difficult for those of the older psychological and clinical school to approach the subject with that full knowledge of recent bacteriological and pathological doctrine which the younger men possessed, or to breathe that all-pervading pathological atmosphere which they seemed to inhale. He desired to conduct this discussion in an absolutely non-controversial and purely scientific spirit. To do so he thought it best to put his facts, objections, and difficulties in a series of propositions which could be answered and explained by the other side. He thought it important to define toxæmia, but should be willing to accept Dr. Ford Robertson's definition of toxines, viz., “Substances which are taken up by the (cortical nerve) cell and then disorder its metabolism.” He took the following extracts from his address at the Cheltenham meeting of the British Association (1) as representing Dr. Ford Robertson's views and the general trend of much investigation and hypothesis on the Continent.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIA

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Intracellular Membranes ◽  
Janus Green ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shape Complexity

A characteristic internal structure, consisting of a double-layered outer wall enclosing a matrix-filled space through which pass double-layered membranous folds, would appear to comprise as satisfactory a definition of mitochondria for electron microscopy as their intravital affinity for Janus green affords for light microscopy. Relying for identification upon this characteristic internal structure, mitochondria appear to be pleomorphic structures which vary in size, shape, complexity, and density. They are labile also in that their number may increase or decrease under controlled conditions. The possibility therefore exists that these organelles are constantly being formed and destroyed, perhaps by their participation in metabolic processes. The problem of the origin of mitochondria is in an unsatisfactory state. New organelles unquestionably are formed in particular physiological states. The possibility that new bodies are produced by fission of ones already present does not seem adequate. On the other hand, the possible fabrication of new mitochondria out of intracellular membranes, although an attractive hypothesis, has not been adequately substantiated.

THE NOTION OF THE SYSTEM OF CIVIL PROCEDURAL LAW

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
V.M. SHERSTYUK
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Constituent Elements

The study puts forward the thesis that the basis for the allocation of structural subdivisions of civil procedural law is mainly the subject of legal regulation. The complex internal structure of the system of this branch of law is due primarily to the diversity of civil procedural relations that constitute the subject of regulation of this branch of law. The work reveals the essential features of the concept of “system of civil procedural law”, defines the grounds for its structural subdivisions and their composition, gives the definition of this category. In particular, the author has formulated the idea that the system of civil procedural law is an internally coordinated set of civil procedural rules, institutions and other relatively independent structural subdivisions of this branch of law, naturally interconnected into a single whole due to the unity of civil procedural relations. Also in this study the point of view is expressed that each level of the system, as well as the entire system of civil procedural law as a whole, is characterized not only by typical features of its constituent elements, but also by their typical, regular relationships that constitute its structure.

28 USC § 1782—looking for consensus

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
David J Stute
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Since the 1948 enactment of 28 USC § 1782 in the United States, no consensus has emerged as to the availability of federal court discovery to parties in private foreign or international arbitral proceedings. This year, within months of one another, six federal courts have issued rulings that are widely inconsistent on the availability of section 1782 discovery. The courts have ruled that a proceeding before a private international arbitral tribunal is eligible for section 1782 discovery; that, categorically, no such discovery is available; that the definition of private arbitral tribunal applies to CIETAC; and that discovery is available by virtue of a party’s parallel pursuit of discovery through foreign civil proceedings. As these cases demonstrate, recent US court decisions have brought no predictability, let alone certainty, to the subject. Congress, on the other hand, could and should amend the statute so as to include private tribunals in the scope of section 1782. This article discusses the case law’s state of disarray; proposes a legislative solution; considers the proposed amendment’s merits; and advocates for Congress to act.

What Does It Mean to Do Math in Today's Classrooms?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Sherrie Martinie ◽  
Cheryl Marcoux
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mathematics Class ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Definition Of

According to Marilyn Burns, students will define mathematics based on how they do math. If the majority of their time is spent reciting a list of properties and following a sequence of steps to solve equations, students will think that algebra involves only memorizing a list of rules. If they spend most of their time in geometry practicing vocabulary, they will look at it as simply being a subject in which they spout back definitions. If they spend the majority of their time on paper-and-pencil computation, they will think that mathematics simply involves performing isolated operations on numbers (Burns 1995). On the other hand, students will have a very different definition of the subject if the focus in the mathematics class is on understanding concepts and developing meaningful procedures. Students can learn all of the activities above in a way that will allow them to apply these skills to new situations or know when to use a particular skill or piece of factual knowledge.

scholarly journals The Rights of Minorities in International Law

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mihandoost ◽  
Bahman Babajanian
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Present Article ◽  
International Society ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Definition Of

Today human right is of great importance. The existence of different minorities such as lingual, ethnic, racial, and religious minorities with different tendencies derived from different civilizations and cultures has brought about social and cultural varieties and differences in each country and also the emergence of this variety has resulted in the development of variety in a specific culture and ceremony in different countries. On the other hand, each country as a member of international society has to observe norms and principles accepted by international society. In other words, although preparation of constitution of each country depends on exclusive qualification of the country’s people and government, it does not mean they are free in each law because international legitimacy of each country’s government and constitution depends on observation of the accepted principles and the governing rules in international law. The subject of minorities was first introduced in Vienna Congress and today different minorities live in different countries. In international documents and treaties, a precise definition of minority has not been provided. The present article seeks to interpret minority rights according to international law and investigate minority rights in international law by using international documents.

scholarly journals Der Spannungsbogen von Autonomie und Verletzlichkeit. Eine phänomenologisch-anthropologische Reflexion / The Unsolved Tension between Autonomy and Vulnerability

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 349-363
Author(s):  
Alice Pugliese
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Summary A phenomenological approach to anthropology should not propose a static definition of man, but inquire into specific human motivations, which never occur isolated. Therefore, the autonomy-dependency connection is presented as a possible human motivational ground. The notion of autonomy, presented with reference to the Kantian idea of the self-determining reason and to the Husserlian account of self-constitution, reveals in itself elements of dependency. On the other side, the notion of vulnerability and reliance is displayed through different approaches of Gehlen, MacIntyre and Toombs in order to illustrate dependency not as a mere capitulation of the subject, but as one of its intrinsic possibilities, which does not exclude autonomous will.

scholarly journals الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف: قراءة نحوية نصية (Relational Functions of Conditional Phrase in the Prophetic Sayings: A Textual Grammatical Reading)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
عبد المهدي هاشم (Abdel Mahdi Hasyim al-Jarrah)
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Structural Role ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

ملخص البحث:   يهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نماذج من الحديث النبوي الشريف دراسة نحوية نصية؛ وذلك لإبراز مظاهرها من جهة، وبيان دورها البنائي لنص الحديث من جهة أخرى. تناول البحث بداية مفهوم الشرط، ثم التعالق الشرطي بوصفه بنية نحوية نصية، وانتقل بعد ذلك إلى الوظائف العلائقية للشرط في نصوص الحديث النبوي الشريف. قام الباحث بعملية استقرائية تحليلية لنصوص الأحاديث النبوية الشريفة، وقد اختار عينات ممثلة لبنية الشرط في هذه الأحاديث، معتمداً على نسخة "صحيح" البخاري. للبحث منهج خاص تمثل في تركيزه على جانب العلاقات، والدخول في إبراز الوظائف العلائقية من منظور لساني حديث، وليس من منظور وصفي، فالغــرض هو التحــليل والغوص في أعمــاق الأثر اللساني النصي للشرط في نص الحديث، أي: سبر أغوار الشــرط في نص الحديث من منـــظور نحوي نصي، وله أيضاً ميزة خاصة تتمثل في أنه يبحث في كلام سيد الكائنات صلى الله عليه وسلــم، وإنها رحــــلة عذبة، تدفع في النفس السرور والراحة والطمأنينة، وإنه باعث على التعلم الجاد والتعليم الفاعل. انتهى البحث إلى أن وظائف الشرط العلائقية قد أثرت بصورة فاعلة في بناء نص الحديث، وقد تمثلت هذه الوظائف بتأسيس مبدأ الدورية، ثم الوظيفة التسلسلية التوضيحية، وبناء استراتيجية الحوار، والتواتر الإحالي، وتأسيس التوازي، وأخيراً البعد التحديدي بأنواعه: المستقل، والتبعي، والسببي.الكلمات المفتاحية: الوظائف- العلائقية- الشرط- نحو النص- الحديث النبوي.Abstract:This paper attempts to study grammatically and textually the functions of conditional phrase in selected of the Prophet’s Traditions. It aims at pointing out its features on one hand, and explaining its structural role on the other. It begins with the definition of conditional phrase, its relational condition as a textual grammatical structure. The relational functions of condition in the prophetic sayings will be examined afterwards. The researcher uses deductive and analytical approach to examine the sayings from the collection of Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī in order to find the relational functions of the conditional phrase from the perspective of modern linguistic but not descriptively. This is in order to uncover and analyze the depth of textual linguistic presence of conditional phrase in the Prophet’s Traditions. The study is special in the sense that it studies the Prophet’s Traditions and it   worthy endeavor that brings comfort and excitement to the souls. It brings   to a serious learning and teaching undertaking of the subject matter. The study concludes that functional relational conditions have significant influence on the structure of the sayings. These functions are apparent in the principle of periodicity and have the serial function that aims to explain. It also helps to build conversation strategy, referential succession and the determinative dimension with it categories; independent, consequential and causal.Keywords: Functions– Relational– Condition– Textual Grammar– Prophetic Sayings. Abstrak:Makalah ini membincangkan fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi terhadap tatabahasa teks; iaitu dengan menonjol dan menerangkan sifat-sifat serta peranan yang dimainkan oleh frasa syarat sebagai frasa berstruktur. Makalah ini dimulai dengan definisi frasa syarat dan hubungannya sebagai struktur tatabahasa. Seterusnya, makalah ini mengkaji fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat dalam hadis Nabi. Penyelidik telah menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan analitis untuk mengkaji hadis-hadis yang terdapat dalam Ṣaḥiḥ al-Bukhārī, agar fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat diperoleh menurut perspektif linguistik moden dan bukan secara deskriptif. Hal ini bertujuan untuk menyingkap dan menganalisa kewujudan teks linguistik bagi frasa syarat yang terdapat dalam hadis Nabi secara mendalam. Justeru, kajian ini penting dalam mengkaji sabda Rasul Allah S.A.W., malah merupakan antara usaha murni dalam mendalami hadis Nabi yang dianggap sebagai penawar hati dan penenang jiwa. Kajian mendapati fungsi-fungsi hubungan bagi frasa syarat meninggalkan kesan mendalam terhadap struktur hadis. Fungsi-fungsi ini diihat lebih jelas pada struktur berkala dan mempunyai fungsi bersiri yang bertindak sebagai penerangan. Ia juga dapat membantu dalam membina strategi perbualan dan penentu pelbagai dimensi iaitu bebas, akibat dan penyebab.     Kata kunci: Fungsi-fungsi- Hubungan- Syarat- Tatabahasa Teks- Hadis Nabi.

scholarly journals Component composition of the system of formation of engineering competence of students of general educational intuition

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Anatolii Tavisovich Faritov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Within the framework of this article, the author conducts a research allowing to reveal the internal structure of engineering competence of students of general educational intuition as the basis of project-research activity, implemented in terms of school curriculum. The boundaries between the concept of &ldquo;competence&rdquo; and &ldquo;competency&rdquo; are outlined. A detailed definition of engineering competence is provided. The author examines the component composition of the formation of engineering competence among the students of general educational institution. The object of this research is the engineering competence, while the subject is the set of constituent components. It is established that engineering competence of a student has a multi-component composition that includes motivational, activity, personality, intellectual, cognitive and reflexive components. The scientific novelty of the acquired results consists in the fact that the described components can be used for the criteria-based assessment of engineering competence of the students of general educational intuition. The presented components can be the foundation for the criteria-based assessment of the level of engineering competence of a student.

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