Modelling of impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
G.M. Koloskova ◽  
V.Yu. Koloskov
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Liquid Temperature ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the impact of temperature gradient on content of polymer ampoule during its forming. Design/methodology/approach: The model of polymer ampoules forming is built in SolidWorks software on the basis of finite element method. Using the developed model the study of temperature condition changes is carried out. Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of polymer packaging materials – polypropylene and polyvinylchloride – in similar conditions. Findings: During polymer ampoule forming the highest temperature of liquid is obtained at the bottom of it. The most effective packaging method is to form the ampoule from polypropylene by means of aluminium die. Investigation results have shown that the highest obtained liquid temperature has linear dependence from initial one. Linear coefficients of heating were evaluated for polypropylene (equal to 0.72) and polyvinylchloride (equal to 0.58). Practical implications: Decrease of initial liquid temperature value gives an opportunity to expand the range of products allowed to be packed in polymer ampoules in represented method. Safe conditions for packaging of liquid products in polymer ampoules are formulated, The results of the study may be used to improve the quality of liquid products packaging in polymer ampoules. Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for determination of liquid heating degree during its packaging in polymer ampoules. The calculations of the temperature distribution are represented for polypropylene and polyvinylchloride ampoules forming by means of aluminium and ceramic dies. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of polymer packaging manufacturing for food or pharmaceutical industry.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Quality of Tap Water and the Properties of Installation Materials on the Formation of Biofilms

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Papciak ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Andżelika Domoń ◽  
Anna Wojtuś ◽  
Jakub Żywiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The article presents changes in the quality of tap water depending on time spent in installation and its impact on the creation of biofilms on various materials (polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chrome-nickel steel and galvanized steel). For the first time, quantitative analyses of biofilm were performed using methods such as: Adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) measurement, flow cytometry, heterotrophic plate count and using fractographical parameters. In the water, after leaving the experimental installation, the increase of turbidity, content of organic compounds, nitrites and nitrates was found, as well as the decrease in the content of chlorine compounds, dissolved oxygen and phosphorus compounds. There was an increase in the number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria. In addition, the presence of Escherichia coli was also found. The analysis of the quantitative determination of microorganisms in a biofilm indicates that galvanized steel is the most susceptible material for the adhesion of microorganisms. These results were also confirmed by the analysis of the biofilm morphology. The roughness profile, the thickness of the biofilm layer can be estimated at about 300 μm on galvanized steel.

Modelling of stresses and strains in two-layer combined materials at their formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (97) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
G.M. Koloskova
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
High Density ◽  
Bottom Plate ◽  
Distribution Dynamics ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose: The aim of the represented study was to model the behaviour of two-layer combined material during its manufacturing. Design/methodology/approach: The model of material layers joining by means of calender method is built in LS-DYNA software on the basis of finite element method. Using the developed model the study of stress and strain condition changes is carried out. Numerical modelling was carried out for two types of two-layer combined materials in similar conditions. First combination was of high-density polyethylene top layer and aluminium foil bottom layer. Second combination was of high-density polyethylene top layer and low- density polyethylene bottom layer. Joining materials had equal thicknesses. Findings: During formation of two-layer combined materials the primary strain always occurs at the bottom plate of the bottom layer. However, the maximum plastic strain will be represented for the layer with lower elastic modulus value. At the point of the highest loading applied to the two-layer combined material the elasticity condition is changed to the plasticity one and the yield process is registered. Practical implications: Multi-layer combined materials are some of the most advanced types of materials. The quality of the joining of the layers, the strains and the stresses arising in their manufacturing process are the main causes of low interlayer strength. It leads to easy exfoliation and destruction of the material. The results of the study may be used to improve the quality of multi-layer combined materials. Originality/value: For the first time the model was developed for the determination of strains and stresses arising during the formation of multi-layer combined materials by means of calendering method. The calculations of the stresses and strains distribution dynamics for two-layer combined materials are represented for polymer-metal and polymer-polymer layers combinations. The results of the study may be of interest to specialists in the field of multi-layer combined materials designing and manufacturing.

Improving quality of maintenance through Simplified Technical English

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jezdimir Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Personnel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the maintenance errors caused by the lack of understanding of maintenance manuals. English is the official language of civil aviation and all relevant maintenance manuals are written in it, but – for 80 per cent of the global maintenance personnel who are using such manuals – English is not their native language. The majority of these users have knowledge of English that is rather limited and they are easily confused by complex sentences and by the number of meanings and synonyms that English words may have. Design/methodology/approach – Scientific analysis of the faulty maintenance tasks to determine the impact of the inability of maintenance personnel to correctly understand maintenance manual written in English. Findings – Analysis of the maintenance processes clearly shows that ineffective communication between system designers and maintenance personnel, through maintenance documentation, is a well-recognised contributor to the occurrence of a faulty maintenance task. Practical implications – Significant improvements in the direction of effective communication and improvement in a quality of maintenance could be achieved by applying Simplified Technical English (ASD-STE100), the benefit of which on the quality of maintenance is presented in this paper. Originality/value – Unique consideration of the quality of maintenance, which is to see it as a function of the comprehension of maintenance manuals written in English.

Study of factors which facilitate increase of effectiveness of university education

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Albekov ◽  
Tatyana Romanova ◽  
Natalya Vovchenko ◽  
Tatyana Epifanova
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
University Education ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Russian Universities ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the factors which facilitate the increase of effectiveness of university education and determination of perspectives of their management for provision of maximization of effectiveness of university education by the example of modern Russia. Design/methodology/approach The authors define the notion and sense of effectiveness of university education under the conditions of market economy, conduct theoretical review, classify factors which facilitate the increase of effectiveness of university education, and conduct regression and correlation analyses of influence of various factors on effectiveness of university education. Findings As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the volume of financing of science is not a factor of efficiency of scientific activities of Russian universities; the most important factors of effectiveness of university education are the number of universities and quantity of academic staff. Perspectives of provision of maximization of university education effectiveness in modern Russia are related to management of human capital – academic staff of universities – and finding a balance of quantitative growth and increase of quality of university education. Practical implications Practical significance of the conducted research consists in the fact that its results could be used during development and conduct of the state policy for the management of effectiveness of the system of university education in modern Russia. Originality/value The research has high theoretical significance, as it contributes to the development of the concept of effectiveness and understanding of foundations of management of the system of university education under the conditions of market economy.

The consideration of trees in rights of light cases: part 1

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Defoe ◽  
Catherine Spence
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reasonable Degree ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a methodology by which the impact of trees may be assessed in rights of light cases. Design/methodology/approach – By considering the available technologies and theoretical modelling, the research demonstrated that the loss of daylight resulting from the existence of trees can be evaluated to a reasonable degree such that their effect in rights of light cases may be taken into account by the courts. Findings – The extent of obstruction to daylight that is caused by trees changes from season to season, i.e. trees grow in height and/or width and deciduous trees tend to lose their leaves during the winter. Measurement of the trees should occur during winter months and reasonable approximations can be made. Research limitations/implications – Further research is advisable to provide a more complete compendium of tree types and to build a reliable database of transparency values and rights of light software will need to be modified to simplify the calculation process. Practical implications – The consideration of trees in rights of light cases may be very significant. A dominant owner may be more affected by a proposed development if part of their light is already obstructed by trees and a servient owner may have an argument that existing trees cause a significant obstruction which might, in the right circumstances, reduce or remove the actionability of their proposals. Social implications – This research will have considerable benefit to anyone contemplating rights of light involving obstruction by trees. Originality/value – This is the first time that the use of BRE transparency factors for trees has been considered in connection with rights of light.

scholarly journals The power of fears in the travel decision – covid-19 against lack of money

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Gajić ◽  
Marko D. Petrović ◽  
Ivana Blešić ◽  
Milan M. Radovanović ◽  
Julia A. Syromiatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
Travel Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Crisis Situations

PurposeDuring the pandemic, two types of fear were identified that occur significantly in all groups or profiles of people. The aim of this paper is to determine which of the two types of fears exist in certain psychological groups, and which of the fears strongly influence the decision to travel.Design/methodology/approachThe VALS 2 method and standardized questionnaire were used for the segmentation of the tourist market or for the determination of the psychographic profiles of the consumers, and three additional questions were joined to it as they were vital for the research of the type of fear and its impact on the decision for traveling. When the reliability of the questionnaire and the validity of the sample were determined, the data were further processed using a computer program package IMB AMOS SPSS 21.00, and then, based on the theoretical suppositions and hypotheses, the SEM structural model was created.FindingsThe paper indicates the existence of established types of fears in humans, when it comes to pandemics and similar crisis situations. People are most afraid of infection during travel, and lack of funds and job loss during the critical period of the pandemic. The research conducted confirms that all groups of people, who are determined by the psychological technique VALS 2, react with a certain dose of fear and make decisions under the pressure of fears.Research limitations/implicationsThe research had limitations in terms of contact with people and conducting live surveys. The measures during the pandemic, which were carried out by the state, included social distance and limited movement of people.Practical implicationsThe work can contribute to the community, along with similar research. The results of the research will be available, and it will be possible to see the behavior of people during crisis situations, and the impact of fears on making decisions, both travel decisions and decisions related to other areas of life.Originality/valueThe paper provides research results on a large sample of respondents, and can serve as a basis for further research in the field of tourism, psychology and similar fields. It is crucial to consider the type of fears, and the strength of the impact of these fears on the decision to travel, during crisis situations.

Embedding employability within higher education for the profession of policing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Ian Pepper ◽  
Ruth McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Educational Provision ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of an employability module, the College of Policing Certificate in Knowledge of Policing (CKP), on students’ career aspirations, their confidence and wish to join the police along with the appropriateness of the module. This will inform the implementation of employability as part of the College of Policing-managed Police Education Qualifications Framework (PEQF). Design/methodology/approach A three-year longitudinal research study used mixed methods across four points in time to evaluate the impact on students studying the employability module. Findings The research suggests that the employability-focussed CKP was useful as an introduction to policing, it developed interest in the police and enhanced the confidence of learners applying to join. Lessons learnt from the CKP should be considered during the implementation of the PEQF. Research limitations/implications The ability to generalise findings across different groups is limited as other influences may impact on a learner’s confidence and employability. However, the implications for the PEQF curriculum are worthy of consideration. Practical implications As the police service moves towards standardised higher educational provision and evolution of policing as a profession, lessons can be learnt from the CKP with regards to the future employability of graduates. Originality/value Enhancing the employability evidence base, focussing on policing, the research identified aspects which may impact on graduates completing a degree mapped to the PEQF. The research is therefore of value to higher education and the professional body for policing.

scholarly journals Endonasal endoscopic reoperation for residual or recurrent craniopharyngiomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivashanmugam Dhandapani ◽  
Harminder Singh ◽  
Hazem M. Negm ◽  
Salomon Cohen ◽  
Mark M. Souweidane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

OBJECTIVE Craniopharyngiomas can be difficult to remove completely based on their intimate relationship with surrounding visual and endocrine structures. Reoperations are not uncommon but have been associated with higher rates of complications and lower extents of resection. So radiation is often offered as an alternative to reoperation. The endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal approach has been used in recent years for craniopharyngiomas previously removed with craniotomy. The impact of this approach on reoperations has not been widely investigated. METHODS The authors reviewed a prospectively acquired database of endonasal endoscopic resections of craniopharyngiomas over 11 years at Weill Cornell Medical College, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, performed by the senior authors. Reoperations were separated from first operations. Pre- and postoperative visual and endocrine function, tumor size, body mass index (BMI), quality of life (QOL), extent of resection (EOR), impact of prior radiation, and complications were compared between groups. EOR was divided into gross-total resection (GTR, 100%), near-total resection (NTR, > 95%), and subtotal resection (STR, < 95%). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Of the total 57 endonasal surgical procedures, 22 (39%) were reoperations. First-time operations and reoperations did not differ in tumor volume, radiological configuration, or patients' BMI. Hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus (DI) were more common before reoperations (82% and 55%, respectively) compared with first operations (60% and 8.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). For the 46 patients in whom GTR was intended, rates of GTR and GTR+NTR were not significantly different between first operations (90% and 97%, respectively) and reoperations (80% and 100%, respectively). For reoperations, prior radiation and larger tumor volume had lower rates of GTR. Vision improved equally in first operations (80%) compared with reoperations (73%). New anterior pituitary deficits were more common in first operations compared with reoperations (51% vs 23%, respectively; p = 0.08), while new DI was more common in reoperations compared with first-time operations (80% vs 47%, respectively; p = 0.08). Nonendocrine complications occurred in 2 (3.6%) first-time operations and no reoperations. Tumor regrowth occurred in 6 patients (11%) over a median follow-up of 46 months and was not different between first versus reoperations, but was associated with STR (33%) compared with GTR+NTR (4%; p = 0.02) and with not receiving radiation after STR (67% vs 22%; p = 0.08). The overall BMI increased significantly from 28.7 to 34.8 kg/m2 over 10 years. Six months after surgery, there was a significant improvement in QOL, which was similar between first-time operations and reoperations, and negatively correlated with STR. CONCLUSIONS Endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal reoperation results in similar EOR, visual outcome, and improvement in QOL as first-time operations, with no significant increase in complications. EOR is more impacted by tumor volume and prior radiation. Reoperations should be offered to patients with recurrent craniopharyngiomas and may be preferable to radiation in patients in whom GTR or NTR can be achieved.

What makes court-referred mediation effective?

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Galin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Low Rate

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to obtain insight into court-referred mediation in the Israeli Labor Courts, by analyzing its processes and outcomes, as a function of tactics used by both the disputants and the mediator. Design/methodology/approach – Observation of 103 court-referred mediations, for each of which a detailed process and outcome were documented. Data on disputants' refusal to participate in the mediation was also collected. At the end of each mediation case, disputants were given a questionnaire in which they expressed their satisfaction with the outcome and their evaluation of the mediator's contribution. Findings – A low rate of refusal to participate in court-referred mediation was found. Also, the higher the ratio of soft tactics to pressure tactics employed (by all parties involved) during the process, the higher the rate of agreements. Mediators use significantly more soft tactics than disputants, and are more active in using tactics. The two significant variables that predict the mediation's agreement are the ratio between soft tactics to pressure tactics used by all parties, and mediator contribution to the process. Practical implications – The significant role of soft tactics in the process, outcome, and satisfaction of court-referred mediation may serve as a guideline for disputants and mediators. Originality/value – This unique research, which examines the impact of tactics on court-referred mediation, may provide added and significant theoretical insight into its process and outcome, as well as a better understanding of other “hybrid” (compulsory at the beginning, voluntary at the end) mediations.

FATCA violation underlies latest US tax and securities fraud charges

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Miriam Fisher ◽  
Brian McManus
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Securities Fraud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – To explain the details and implications of a September 9, 2014 federal indictment, US v. Robert Bandfield, the first time a Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) violation has been charged as an “overt act” in furtherance of a tax conspiracy and securities fraud. Design/methodology/approach – Provides background, including the enactment of FATCA and the details of the indictment; describes an undercover investigation conducted by President Obama’s Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force; and discusses the warnings this indictment sends to the global financial community. Findings – The indictment confirms the coordinated and aggressive tactics US law enforcement is now employing to investigate and prosecute offshore financial fraud. Practical implications – Banks and financial service providers need to be aware of the impact of enhanced US regulatory obligations and implement appropriate compliance measures. These institutions must also remain sensitive to risks presented by unscrupulous customers. Finally, they must be ready to manage appropriately information-gathering and investigatory inquiries originating with US authorities. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced tax controversy lawyers.

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