scholarly journals THE SOCIAL AND MORAL ATTITUDES OF CONVICTS AND THEIR PROACTIVITY USED AGAINST THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PRISON ENVIRONMENT

Probacja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Personal Attitude ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Proactive Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
Prison Environment ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
Made In

Th e concept of moral norms is an interdisciplinary issue, defi ned by diff erent fi elds of science. Attitudes towards the preferred moral norms are noticeably less frequent in both theoretical and empirical studies, although in the present study an attempt has been made to establish the relationships between the personal attitude of convicted persons towards fi ve independent moral norms and their proactive personality traits. Th e study involved 100 fi rst-time convicts and 100 recidivists, who were asked to respond to the statements made in Th e questionnaire on attitudes towards moral norms and Th e scale of proactivity in penitentiary isolation. Th e convicts were serving prison sentences in two diff erent penitentiary units in Poland. Th e results of the research showed that those convicted for the fi rst time who approved of attitudes towards vindictiveness, helping others and incitement to evil had a greater propensity for proactive behaviour. In addition, the group of recidivists showed no correlation between the declared attitudes to moral norms and their level of proactivity, but showed that they displayed more positive attitudes towards helping other people and vindictiveness, in comparison to the population of fi rst-time convicts. Th e results form an additional source of knowledge about the proactivity of convicts, which can be skilfully used, and therefore the research carried out is particularly important for penitentiary practitioners who carry out various rehabilitation activities, as well as specialists in executive criminal law.

scholarly journals Naming and exploring the causes of collective violence against African migrants in post-apartheid South Africa: Whither Ubuntu1 ?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Dassah
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Made In

In South Africa, attacks mainly directed at black non-South Africans, is a rampant, long- standing phenomenon notwithstanding the spirit of Ubuntu which is thought to permeate the social fabric. Assumptions have been made in various labels describing the attacks, raising concerns about their appropriateness. Further, various explanations and hypotheses have been advanced about causes of or reasons for the attacks. The root causes of the attacks need to be properly understood for lasting solutions to be found. The objectives of this article are: first, to analyse the appropriateness of various labels in order to name the phenomenon South Africa is confronted with; and, secondly, to identify the root causes of the attacks. This analysis could assist in formulating policies and strategies to address the attacks. This article is theoretical, and it draws on in-depth analysis of relevant literature and empirical studies in order to addresses two research questions. First, are the attacks motivated by pure criminality, or are they manifestations of Afro-phobia/Negrophobia, expressions of xenophobia or indicators of outright racism? Secondly, what are the causes of or explanations for the attacks? On nomenclature, the article rejects the criminality label as reductionist. To an extent, the Afro-phobia/Negrophobia label has merit, but the racism tag is unsustainable. Xenophobia emerges as the appropriate description because empirical studies point to a significant number of South Africans holding xenophobic attitudes and having expressed their preparedness to forcefully eject foreign nationals. The article concludes that xenophobia is a complex phenomenon and has multiple causes, which must be properly understood and that finding effective solutions to it requires involvement of all key stakeholders.

Local program of surmounting of post grade: A proposed methodological for your application in the territorial development.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Mercedes Vera Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Program ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Branch Office ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Made In

The work had as object of study the content and application of the postgraduate programs that it is imparted in the branch office of technical sciences (FCT) of "October 10 ", of the ISPJAE (CUJAE), due to your important role in the social appropriation of the knowledge for the local development. In it a deep analysis of the process of formation of postgraduate and your particular characteristics are made in function of implementer a new pedagogic conception, all the who constitutes an instrument of value invaluable for the historical studies, logical and related prospective with this themes. This study has as objective it develops in practice educational of our professionals a sustained methodology in a local program of surmounting of Postgraduate (PLSP), by keeping in mind your level of impact and pertinence for the territory. This proposed methodological is made to this process through the investigation carried out, the who reveals your possibilities of application to validate your effects and as of the positive results, it elaborates a synthesis that constitutes the main objective by keeping in mind the more advanced focusing of the consulted literature.

Wilde and the Emergence of Literary Drama, 1880–1895

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare L. E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Greek Drama ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Made In ◽  
Performance Text

This chapter examines Wilde’s championship of serious theatre and the authentic performance text by analysing his reviews of the first so-called ‘archaeological’ productions of Greek plays and Shakespeare. It offers a wider context in which to understand the rapidity of his disaffection with Greek plays, as practised among the social elite; and it suggests some ways in which his early enthusiasm for authentic Greek drama and Shakespeare is related to his own later classically informed playwriting, which combines old ideas of theatre as about and for its audiences with new ideas of drama as the appreciation of a literary object. Wilde’s own work as a dramatist straddled that change, prefigured by a comment he made in 1885: ‘An audience looks at a tragedian, but a comedian looks at his audience.’ He combines both these directions of gaze in his 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest.

Fluid Multilingual Practices among Youth in Cameroon and Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torun Reite ◽  
Francis Badiang Oloko ◽  
Manuel Armando Guissemo
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
The South ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social

Inspired by recent epistemological and ontological debates aimed at unsettling and reshaping conceptions of language, this essay discusses how mainstream sociolinguistics offers notions meaningful for studying contexts of the South. Based on empirical studies of youth in two African cities, Yaoundé in Cameroon and Maputo in Mozambique, the essay engages with “fluid modernity” and “enregisterment” to unravel the role that fluid multilingual practices play in the social lives of urban youth. The empirically grounded theoretical discussion shows how recent epistemologies and ontologies offer inroads to more pluriversal knowledge production. The essay foregrounds: i) the role of language in the sociopolitical battles of control over resources, and ii) speakers’ reflexivity and metapragmatic awareness of register formations of fluid multilingual practices. Moreover, it shows how bundles of localized meanings construct belongings and counterhegemonic discourses, as well as demonstrating speakers’ differential valuations and perceptions of boundaries and transgressions across social space.

scholarly journals Changes in Value Orientations in Serbia, 2003–2018 . Patriarchy, Authoritarianism and Nationalism

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-431
Author(s):  
Irena Petrović ◽  
Marija Radoman
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public

AbstractThe authors analyze the changes in value patterns—patriarchy, authoritarianism and nationalism—in Serbia in the context of the social changes that have marked the postsocialist transformation period. They focus on the extent and intensity of two sub-patterns within each of these three basic value patterns: private and public patriarchy, general and specific authoritarianism, organic (natural) and ethnic nationalism. The conclusions about changes in these value patterns are drawn on the basis of three empirical studies conducted in 2003, 2012, and 2018. They show the prevalence of private patriarchy, general authoritarianism, and organic (natural) nationalism over their counterparts. Private patriarchy has weakened, which is largely to be explained by the significant structural changes in Serbia. On the other hand, support of general authoritarianism and organic (natural) nationalism has been on the rise, which clearly mirrors the unfavorable economic and political situation in the country.

Studies in the Social and Economic History of Ostia

1938 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

The first of these Studies was concerned chiefly with the history of Ostia during the period when the city was still growing and its prosperity increasing. Even so, during the period already considered, the prosperity of Ostia, though real, was to this extent artificial, in that it depended upon factors over which the citizens themselves had no control. Ostia was the port of Rome, and nothing else, and in consequence any lowering of the standard of living in, or reduction of imports into the capital city must have had immediate and marked repercussions upon her prosperity. She even lacked to a great extent those reserves of wealth which in other cities might be drawn upon to tide over bad times. The typical citizen of Ostia came to the city in the hope of making his fortune there; but when he had made it, he usually preferred to retire to some more pleasant town, such as Tibur, Tusculum, Velitrae, or Rome itself, where he could enjoy his leisure. Few families seem to have remained in the city for more than two, or, at the most, three generations. Whilst therefore fortunes were made in Ostia, wealth was not accumulated there.

Mexican Migration and the Social Space of Postmodernism

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Roger Rouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
Single Word ◽  
The Social ◽  
Made In

In a hidden sweatshop in downtown Los Angeles, Asian and Latino migrants produce automobile parts for a factory in Detroit. As the parts leave the production line, they are stamped “Made in Brazil.” In a small village in the heart of Mexico, a young woman at her father’s wake wears a black T-shirt sent to her by a brother in the United States. The shirt bears a legend that some of the mourners understand but she does not. It reads, “Let’s Have Fun Tonight!” And on the Tijuana-San Diego border, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, a writer originally from Mexico City, reflects on the time he has spent in what he calls “the gap between two worlds”: “Today, eight years after my departure, when they ask me for my nationality or ethnic identity, I cannot answer with a single word, for my ‘identity’ now possesses multiple repertoires: I am Mexican but I am also Chicano and Latin American. On the border they call me ‘chilango’ or ‘mexiquillo’; in the capital, ‘pocho’ or ‘norteno,’ and in Spain ‘sudaca.’… My companion Emily is Anglo-Italian but she speaks Spanish with an Argentinian accent. Together we wander through the ruined Babel that is our American postmodemity.”

Social efficiency of internal affairs bodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egor Bunov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Internal Affairs

The monograph contains a theoretical analysis of the social effectiveness of the internal affairs bodies as the degree of satisfaction of the population with the quality of law enforcement activities to protect their interests, rights and freedoms. The results of a multidimensional analysis of empirical studies of the influence of macro - and microsocial factors on the effectiveness of interaction between the population and law enforcement agencies are presented. The article substantiates the criteria for social assessment of the activities of the internal affairs bodies, the use of which allows for practical adjustment of the forms and methods of the management system. For a wide range of readers interested in the practice of applying legal measures of law enforcement.

Standard of Living, Health, and Utilization of Social and Health Services a Survey of the Population of Three Districts in Malmö

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Lars Dahlin
Keyword(s):  
Residential Areas ◽  
Random Choice ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Impaired Health ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Made In

A survey of the social and medical conditions of the population in three well-defined districts in Malmö was made in order to obtain background data for the planning of open care. A random choice was made of 70 households from each of the three residential areas for interview purposes. Available data concerning actual individuals were collected from the social and health authorities. Wide variations existed between the three districts. The inhabitants of Kroksbäck, mostly young families with children, were comparatively healthy somatically, whereas many had social problems; mental troubles were common too. In Lorensborg, the inhabitants did not conspicuously deviate from the average, as regards complaints. In Ellstorp, with its elderly population, two in three had impaired health, mostly in the form of somatic complaints; moreover their teeth were in poor condition. One in three of all interviewees had felt ill in some respect during the fortnight preceding the interview, and more than half had some current health problem. Eleven percent of all interviewees had sought medical advice during this fortnight. One in three of the interviewees was using prescribed remedies at the time of the interview. Eleven percent of those in the gainfully employable age range had been sick-listed for some part of the fortnight. The need for a general practitioner service, continuity of care, health centres and integration of social and medical care is discussed.

Social and Psychological Effects of Major Craniofacial Deformity

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pruzinsky
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

This paper discusses the social and psychological experiences of patients with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformity. The paper concludes that individuals with the most severe forms of craniofacial deformities are at risk for experiencing social and psychological stress and for having their quality of life negatively impacted by the experience of having a facial deformity. Much of the stress experienced by these individuals is the result of the negative social response to their facial deformity. It is emphasized that many patients will not develop psychopathology, because of intervening personality and family factors that may ameliorate these negative social stressors. The excellent progress made in assessing, preventing, and treating the negative psychosocial impact of facial deformity is noted. Finally, in attempting to understand the impact of facial deformity on quality of life, emphasis is placed on the subjective evaluation of these factors by each individual patient and family.

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