Organic farming in Poland and activities undertaken for its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Grażyna Nachtman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Economic Nature

Polish organic farming is undergoing significant transformations. In 2014, the number of ecological farms and utilised agricultural area (UAA) stopped growing, and this trend has persisted since then. It is contrary to the trend expected under the Common Agricultural Policy, which assumes that by 2030, organic farming methods will be used in 25% of UAA. The aim of the study is to assess the production and economic situation of organic farms, taking into account the role the agricultural policy of the European Union plays in this context. The study sample consisted of organic farms registered in the database of the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection and the Polish FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network). The research period covered the years 2005, 2013 and 2018, which in some cases, to show a wider context, was expanded to the years 2019, 2020, 2004 and 2006–2012. The data was analysed in the dynamic view, taking into account the distribution of farms and UAA in voivodships, changes in the structure of crops and in the number of livestock, and the volume of production of crops and animal products at the national level. The analysis of the above data demonstrated that the reasons behind abandoning organic farming are of an economic nature, including production scattering that makes sales difficult, farm sizes too small (which results in difficulty in organising production according to the ecological principles), heavey administrative burdens, no significant support for organic animal production, and low production profitability and low income of organic farms. However, despite the fact that the UAA under organic farming shrank in 2013–2018 by approximately a quarter, the acreage of cereals, other field crops and vegetables increased, and consequently the production of these types of agricultural crops increased significantly. The development of the organic farming sector is conditional upon financial support and rational agricultural policy that offers suport to farmers, at the same time watching over the implementation of the environmental recommendations.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS OF ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta WRZASZCZ
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Production System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network

Organic farms form a perspective segment of the Polish agriculture, which havebeen developing very dynamically since Poland accession to the European Union(from 2004). Changes in the population of these agricultural holdings` group arethe result of the growing demand for organic agricultural products, the growingenvironmental awareness of society, as well as current agricultural policy focusedon agrienvironmental practices, for which farmers are remunerated in the form ofsubsidies. Organic production methods include good soil condition maintenance,plant nutritious needs and animal welfare requirements. Organic farms may bedifferently organised. There are three basic forms of organic farms organization,namely: farms that are in transition to organic production system (areimplementing environmental practices in stages); farms that combine organic andconventional production system; farms organized solely according to the organicprinciples. Legal requirements strictly specify what features an organic farm shouldhave, in each of the identified organisational forms. The aim of the article is tocompare organizational forms of organic farms in Poland in terms of productionand economic efficiency. There were analyzed organic farms in comparison toconventional farms included in Farm Accountancy Data Network 2015. Theresearch were conducted on the basis of indicators analysis, considering calculationreflected costs, production, economics and subsidy value connected with theCommon Agricultural Policy directed to farms.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY FOR ORGANIC FARMS ECONOMICS IN POLAND

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta WRZASZCZ ◽  
Józef St. ZEGAR
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Economics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
Indicator Analysis ◽  
The Common

Accession of Poland to the European Union (EU) has been connected with anumber of benefits, but at the same time, the obligations have been imposed on theagricultural producers. Farmers are active economic units, that operate on thecommon european market, as well as they are beneficiaries of governmentalsupport. Governmental programmes allowed to take part in measures directed toagricultural farms development. Farmers have been obliged to comply withEuropean law and implementation of the desired production standards.Bothregulations and governmental programs have determined the direction ofagricultural holdings development. Especially in the last decade, organic farmsmake demanded and fast-growing form of environmental friendly agriculture.Organic methods use of agricultural production in accordance with soil, plants andanimals requirements, taking care of the other environmental components. Organicfarms fit in with the concept of sustainable development. According to this, organicproduction should at least not affect the ecosystems` sustainability and meet theeconomic purposes. The purpose of the article is evaluation of organic farmseconomics in Poland, taking into consideration influence of the CommonAgricultural Policy (CAP). There were analysed production and economiccondition of organic farms in comparison to all Farm Accountancy Data Network(FADN) farms. The research were conducted on the basis of indicator analysis,considering calculation reflected cost, production, economics and subsidiesconnected with the Common Agricultural Policy directed to farms. The analysiswas based on FADN 2004 and 2013.

scholarly journals THE DYNAMICS OF HORTICULTURAL FARM NUMBERS IN DIFFERENT ECONOMIC SIZE CLASSES AND CHANGES IN THEIR INCOME IN 2007-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Maryla Bieniek-Majka ◽  
Marta Guth
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this study is to determine changes in the structure of horticultural farms in EU countries in the years 2007-2017 and their incomes and determine the share of subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy in the income of horticultural farms in studied groups. Horticultural farms from the European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (EUFADN) of all EU countries were surveyed. A dynamic analysis of the structure of farm numbers in particular groups of economic size (ES6) was carried out, and then the average change in income and the share of subsidies in income within these groups in 2007 and 2017 were presented. As a result of the conducted research, changes in the number of horticultural farms in various groups of economic size were taken into account and the assumptions concerning the decreasing scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms were confirmed by a decrease in the number of the economically weakest groups and an increase in the number of medium and large farms. It was noted that, in the studied groups, the strongest income growths concerned farms with medium or high economic strength, which may mean that income had a significant impact on the process. Moreover, it results from the conducted research that existing institutional solutions additionally supported the tendency to reduce the scale of fragmentation of horticultural farms in the EU-12 due to the fact that the shares of subsidies were higher in groups with higher economic strength.

Organic farming in Austria

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. Vogl ◽  
Jürgen Hess
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Brand Names ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Movement ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Present Decade

AbstractDuring the present decade, Austria has experienced a dramatic increase in organic farming among those countries that comprise the European Union (EU). For example, in 1992, approximately 2,000 farms were practicing organic, ecological, or biodynamic farming methods. By 1997 the number of certified organic farms plus those in transition from conventional farming had increased 10-fold to some 20,000 farms. This represents almost 9% of the total farms in Austria and an area of 345,375 ha, or 10% of the total cultivated farmland. The largest concentration of organic farms is in regions with a high proportion of alpine grassland or pastures. Approximately 50% of the organic farms range in size from 5 to 15 ha. The strong organic movement in Austria can be attributed to a) government subsidies which provide incentives to organic farmers and b) widespread acceptance of organic products and their brand names by large food chains and supermarkets. More than 60% of organic farmers are affiliated with associations and organizations that provide advisory and support services in marketing activities. Certification of organic farms and food processors is conducted by seven monitoring bodies according to EU regulation No. 2092/91, which guarantees legallybinding standards of food safety and quality to EU consumers, and according to the Austrian Alimentari Codex. Since January 1998, all monitoring/certifying bodies in Austria must verify accreditation according to regulation European Norm 45011. The major supermarket chain offers a variety of organic dairy and meat products, as well as organic ice cream, pizza, vegetables, fruits, baby foods, and bread. The current domestic wholesale value of organic products marketed from Austrian farms is approximately 170 million US$ annually. Unfortunately, funding for support of scientific research and extension to enhance organic farming and marketing has not kept pace with the increasing number of organic farms and farmers. Additional funding is essential to ensure the sustainable development of the organic movement and the organic market.

FINACIAL FUNDS FROM EUROPEAN UNION FUNDS AS A CHANCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECTOR OF ORGANIC FARMS IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jezierska-Thöle ◽  
Mirosław Biczkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The aim of the work was to present and describe the development of organic farms in Poland and the impact of EU funds on the development of this sector. The possibilities of financing their development from the Rural Development Program funds in the period 2007-2013 functioning within the framework of the Union‘s Common Agricultural Policy were pointed out. The theoretical foundations and assumptions related to the functioning of the organic farming sector were also approximated. The results show that in the years 2002-2013 there was an increase in the number and area of organic farms. The greatest impact on the increase of the number and area of organic farms is the functioning of the RDPs in the years 2004-2006 and 2007-2013 and within it the subsidies for organic production. This confirms the very strong correlation between the number of farms and the amounts of subsidies paid to farms producing organic farming. It can be assumed that in the next few years the share of the area of ecological agricultural land may exceed 4-5%.

scholarly journals Do Rural Policies Impact on Tourism Development in Italy? A Case Study of Agritourism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Giaccio ◽  
Luigi Mastronardi ◽  
Davide Marino ◽  
Agostino Giannelli ◽  
Alfonso Scardera
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates how and to what extent European and national policies, through the analysis of financial support derived from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (First and Second Pillar) and national and local subsidies, have financed Italian agritourism. For this purpose, the authors have proposed a comparative analysis between Italian agritourism and farms without tourism activities, by stressing the distribution of public financial supports concerning the 2007-2013 programming period of the European Union (EU) for Rural Development. The empirical analysis is based on the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset. The data were stratified by altimetry zone and farm size. Descriptive statistics and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for each group were used. The main results show how the Second Pillar has mainly supported small and medium-sized farms with tourism activities and located in disadvantaged areas. This study could be useful to policymakers regarding evaluation of the mission for diversification in agriculture, represented here by the carrying out of tourist activities on farms and the contribution for the retention of small-scale farms in marginal areas.

scholarly journals Do Rural Policies Impact on Tourism Development in Italy? A Case Study of Agritourism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Giaccio ◽  
Luigi Mastronardi ◽  
Davide Marino ◽  
Agostino Giannelli ◽  
Alfonso Scardera
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Farm Accountancy Data Network ◽  
The Common ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper investigates how and to what extent European and national policies have financed Italian agritourism. It analyses financial support derived from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (First and Second Pillar) and national and local subsidies. For this purpose, the authors have proposed a comparative analysis between Italian agritourism and farms without tourism activities, by stressing the distribution of public financial supports concerning the 2007–2013 programming period of the European Union (EU) for Rural Development. The empirical analysis is based on the Italian Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) dataset. The data were stratified by altimetry zone and farm size. Descriptive statistics and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for each group were used. The main results show how the Second Pillar has mainly supported small and medium-sized farms with tourism activities and located in disadvantaged areas. This study could be useful to policymakers regarding the evaluation of the mission for diversification in agriculture, represented here by the carrying out of tourist activities on farms and the contribution for the retention of small-scale farms in marginal areas.

Growing out of the niche – can organic agriculture keep its promises? A study of two Austrian cases

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecka Milestad ◽  
Sonja Hadatsch
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Organic Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe expansion of organic farming has taken off in the European Union and particularly in Austria, where 9% of farmland is certified organic. The main reasons for this development are subsidies and cooperation with supermarket chains. In Austria, many organic farms are located in the mountainous areas, while lowlands with arable cropping have fewer organic farms than the national average. Exploring two regions as case studies, this paper investigates whether the organic farming movement can keep its promises of environmental safety, economic viability and social justice. There is a high level of environmental concern among those who practice organic farming, but local differences are large. It is the individual farmer who determines whether environmental issues beyond the official organic regulations are considered. The economic situation for organic farms is positive due to the financial support from the government and cooperation with supermarket chains, but processing and marketing operations are still lacking for organic products. Regarding social justice, organic farming enjoys a high esteem among consumers, but relations and cooperation between organic and conventional farm sectors is poor. We conclude that it is crucial for the organic movement to focus on qualitative issues rather than quantitative expansion for further sound development of organic farming in Austria.

Capitalism in Green Disguise: The Political Economy of Organic Farming in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-852
Author(s):  
Charalampos Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Large Farm

Following the post-1992 Common Agricultural Policy, organic farming has expanded rapidly in the European Union. This growth is often considered evidence of the success of a distinctive model of small-scale family-farm agriculture. However, I show that European organic farms display features (large farm size, low labor intensity, high prevalence of mechanization, and adoption of monocultures) that are characteristic of capitalist rather than peasant farms. These features raise doubts about whether European organic farming exemplifies repeasantization. JEL Classification: B50, O13, Q18

scholarly journals Rolnictwo ekologiczne w Polsce i perspektywy jego rozwoju w kontekście PROW 2014–2020

2017 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Marzena Trajer ◽  
Krystyna Krzyżanowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Rural Development Programme

The aim of the study was determination of the position of Polish organic farming comparing to organic farming in European Union, defining the regional locations of organic farming producers in Poland and identification of the financial support under the Rural Development Programme for 2014–2020. In the article the secondary data and the method of comparative analysis were used. Concerning the number of ecological farms, Poland had the sixth position in the European Union in 2015. The analysis shows that the largest number of applications for co-financing of organic production within framework for action „Organic farming” were implemented in the voivodeships with the largest number of organic farms in Poland: Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship, Warmińsko-mazurskie voivodeship and Podlaskie voivodeship.

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