scholarly journals Penggunaan Kembali Limbah Cair dari Sintesis Zeolit Y sebagai Sumber Silika untuk Sintesis Zeolit Y secara Hidrotermal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Rahayu ◽  
Desi Bentang ◽  
Ghina Fauziyyah
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mother Liquor ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Zeolite P ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari kemungkinan limbah cair atau mother liquor dari sintesis zeolit Y yang masih mengandung silika dapat digunakan kembali sebagai sumber silika untuk sintesis zeolit Y, dengan menambahkan bibit kristal dan alumina ke dalam limbah cair. Sintesis zeolite Y dilakukan secara hidrotermal pada temperatur 93oC dan pH sekitar 13. Rasio molar silika /alumina sekitar 10 mol/mol di dalam starting material diperlukan untuk mendukung terbentuknya zeolit Y. Seberapa banyak turunan atau penggunaan kembali limbah cair sintesis zeolit Y untuk sintesis zeolit Y, dikaji dalam penelitian ini. Hasil sintesis zeolit Y diuji nilai rasio molar SiO2/Al2O3 dengan alat X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), dan morfologinya dengan alat Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil sintesis zeolite Y menunjukkan hanya mother liquor turunan ke-1 saja yang layak digunakan kembali untuk sintesis zeolite Y karena zeolite P terbentuk secara signifikan ketika digunakan mother liquor turunan ke-2. Penelitian ini juga mengamati bahwa pembentukan zeolite P terjadi ketika konsentrasi SiO2  dalam starting material adalah rendah. Konsentrasi SiO2 yang rendah pada mother liquor turunan ke-1 juga diduga berkontribusi terhadap penurunan rasio SiO2/Al2O3 pada zeolit Y hasil sintesis, yaitu 2.63 mol/mol, dari 3.74 mol/mol ketika menggunakan parent starting material. Peningkatan rasio SiO2/Al2O3 zeolit Y hasil sintesis dapat diupayakan, yang tampak lebih baik dilakukan melalui penaikan jumlah bibit kristal dari pada melalui penaikan waktu  reaksi, untuk memperkecil terbentuknya zeolite P. Kata kunci: limbah cair, sumber silika, sintesis, hidrotermal, zeolit Y. Abstract. Reuse of Liquid Waste from Zeolite Y Synthesis as a Silica Source for Hydrothermal Synthesis of Y Zeolite. The objective of this study was to study the possibility of mother liquor of synthesis of zeolite Y which still contains high silica, can be reused as a source of silica for synthesis of zeolite Y, by adding seeds and alumina. The synthesis of zeolite Y was done hydrothermally at temperature of 93oC and at a pH of about 13. The mole ratio of silica / alumina in the starting material at about of 10 mol / mol were needed to  achieve an adequate process. How many derivatives or repetitions of the mother liquor can be reused for synthesis of zeolite Y, it will be examined in this study. The result of the synthesized zeolite Y was then characterized of the SiO2 / Al2O3 molar ratio by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The Results of the synthesis of zeolite Y shows that the only 1st mother liquor appropriate to be reused for synthesis of zeolite Y. The reduction of the SiO2 /Al2O3 molar ratio of synthesized Y zeolite from the 3.74 mol / mol when using parent starting material become 2.63 mol / mol when using mother liquor was observed The formation of zeolite P was also obtained when synthesis zeolite Y using mother liquor with a low concentration of  SiO2. The SiO2Al2O3 molar ratio of the synthesized zeolite Y can be raised by inceasing  the quantity of seeds in the starting material rather than by increasing reaction time, to minimize the formation of  zeolite P. Keywords: mother liquor, silica source, synthesis, hydrothermal, zeolite Y. Graphical Abstract

Application of vermiculite and limestone to desulphurization and to the removal of dust during briquette combustion

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lu ◽  
D. Zhao ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
S. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Retention Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Chemical Reactant ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSmall domestic cooking furnaces are widely used in China. These cooking furnaces release SO2 gas and dust into the atmosphere and cause serious air pollution. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of vermiculite, limestone or CaCO3, and combustion temperature and time on desulphurization and dust removal during briquette combustion in small domestic cooking furnaces. Additives used in the coal are vermiculite, CaCO3 and bentonite. Vermiculite is used for its expansion property to improve the contact between CaCO3 and SO2 and to convey O2 into the interior of briquette; CaCO3 is used as a chemical reactant to react with SO2 to form CaSO4; and bentonite is used to develop briquette strength. Expansion of vermiculite develops loose interior structures, such as pores or cracks, inside the briquette, and thus brings enough oxygen for combustion and sulphation reaction. Effective combustion of the original carbon reduces amounts of dust in the fly ash. X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis show that S exists in the ash only as anhydrite CaSO4, a product of SO2 reacting with CaCO3 and O2. The formation of CaSO4 effectively reduces or eliminates SO2 emission from coal combustion. The major factors controlling S retention are vermiculite, CaCO3 and combustion temperature. The S retention ratio increases with increasing vermiculite amount at 950°C. The S retention ratio also increases with increasing Ca/S molar ratio, and the best Ca/S ratio is 2-3 for most combustion. With 12 g of the original coal, 1 to 2 g of vermiculite, a molar Ca/S ratio of 2.55 by adding CaCO3, and some bentonite, a S retention ratio >65% can be readily achieved. The highest S retention ratio of 97.9% is achieved at 950°C with addition of 2 g of vermiculite, a Ca/S ratio of 2.55 and bentonite.

Synthesis of Precipitate Calcium Carbonate with Variation Morphology from Limestone by Using Solution Mixing Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Zaenal Arifin ◽  
Triwikantoro ◽  
Bintoro Anang Subagyo ◽  
Mochamad Zainuri ◽  
Darminto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitate Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. In this study, the CaCO3 powder has been successfully synthesized by mixing CaCl2 from natural limestone and Na2CO3 in the same molar ratio. The mixing process of solutions was carried out by employing the molar contents of 0.125, 0.25, 0.375 and 0.5M at varying temperatures of 30, 40, 60 and 80ᴼC. The produced CaCO3 microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The highest content of aragonite phase with morphology rod-like of the samples is around 29 wt%, resulting from the process using solution of 0.125 M at 80 ᴼC. While at 30 ᴼC and 40 ᴼC produced 100 wt% calcite phase.

Synthesis of Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 Solid Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 995-997
Author(s):  
Cui Wei Li ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Shi Bo Li ◽  
Zhi Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, free Ti/Si/Al/C powder mixtures with molar ratio of 3:0.4:0.8:1.8 were heated in Argon with various schedules, in order to reveal the possibility for the synthesis of Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 solid solution powder. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for the evaluation of phase identities of the powder after different treatments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 solid solution. XRD results showed that predominantly single phase samples of Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 was prepared after heating at 1400oC for 5 min in Argon and the lattice parameters of Ti3Si0.4Al0.8C1.8 lay between those of Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2.

A study of the reaction of copper(II) ions in hydrated y zeolite with sodium 8-mercaptoquinolinate and 8-hydroxyquinolinate

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1828-1833
Author(s):  
Gustáv Plesch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Electronic Absorption ◽  
Support Surface ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Complex Crystals ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Scanning Electron

The reaction of Cu2+ ions from Y zeolite cavities with sodium 8-mercaptoquinolinate (tox) or 8-hydroxyquinolinate (ox) was studied in aqueous solutions by EPR and electronic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The Cu2+ ions migrate towards the support surface to form [Cu(tox)2] or [Cu(ox)2(H2O)2] complex crystals. Owing to the low solubility of the complex, grains of the [Cu(tox)2] crystallites gradually grow over the support surface. Better soluble than [Cu(tox)2], the [Cu(ox)2(H2O)2] complex crystallizes separately from the carrier in the form of long needles.

Phosphoric Acid Rate Addition Effect in the Hydroxyapatite Synthesis by Neutralization Method

2006 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Gouveia ◽  
Ana Helena A. Bressiani ◽  
José Carlos Bressiani
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vacuum Filtration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium phosphates with different Ca/P molar ratio can be obtained depending the precipitation conditions such as pH and temperature. In this work the effect of the pH’s variation during the H3PO4 addition in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite-HA, (Ca/P molar ratio 1.67) by neutralization method, was studied. The H3PO4 addition’s rate was 1.0, 1.5, 8.0 mL.min-1 and in other experiment the H3PO4 was added at a time. After the addition was completed the pH ranged from 7-12. The suspensions were kept during 24 hours for ripening. The precipitate was separated from the suspension by vacuum filtration, washed with distilled water and dried at 70°C/24h. Afterwards the materials were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with heating rate of 10°C/min in air. The calcination of the powders was accomplished at 800°C/3h with heating rate of 10°C.min-1. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrometry (FTIR), specific surface area (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that the ratio of addition of the acid can influence both the morphology and the formation of the phases (HA and TCP) in the obtained powders.

scholarly journals Effects of different Sn contents on formation of Ti2SnC by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method in Ti-Sn-C and Ti-Sn-C-TiC systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Yan Sun ◽  
Xin Kong ◽  
Wei Sen ◽  
Zhong-Zhou Yi ◽  
Bao-Sen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractEffect of different Sn contents on combustion synthesis of Ti2SnC was studied using elemental Ti, Sn, C and TiC powders as raw materials in the Ti-Sn-C and Ti-Sn-C-TiC system, in which the molar ratio of Ti/C was set as 2:1. The reaction mechanism for the formation of Ti2SnC was also investigated. The results showed that the amount of Ti2SnC in combustion products firstly increased with increasing of Sn content (0.6 to 0.8 mol), and then decreased with further increasing of Sn content (1.0 to 1.2 mol). Upon addition of 15 % TiC instead of Ti and C, the optimum addition of Sn decreased to 0.7 mol and a higher purity of Ti2SnC was obtained. The Ti2SnC powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Effects of Reaction Temperature and Time on the Aluminothermic Reduction of Magnesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2236-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Deng ◽  
Yu Qin Liu ◽  
Da Jian Ma ◽  
Hong Wen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
Aluminothermic Reduction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present paper focuses on the experimental investigation of the aluminothermic reduction of magnesia under vacuum condition with the fixed magnesia to aluminum molar ratio of 11:6. The influences of reaction temperature and time on the reduction ratio of magnesia were studied. The chemical composition, phase constitution and morphology of the condensed magnesium and the briquettes after thermal reduction were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry. The reduction ratio of magnesia increases with the increase in the reaction temperature and time. The briquettes after thermal reduction at 1050°C-1150°C are mainly composed of the spinel, unreacted magnesia and aluminum. The briquette after 1 hrs thermal reduction at 1200°C contains corundum, magnesium aluminium oxide, trace amount of spinel, unreacted MgO and aluminium.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA TERHADAP SINTESIS ZEOLITE-Y BERBASIS LEMPUNG DAN ABU SEKAM PADI

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Armayani M ◽  
Musdalifa Mansur ◽  
Subaer Subaer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan sintesis zeolite-Y terhadap pengaruh temperatur dan komposisi kimia berbasis lempung dan abu sekam padi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu hydrotermal dengan menggunakan autoclave variasi suhu yaitu 70  ℃ dan 100 ℃ selama 3 jam dan variasi komposisi kimia NaOH, AlCl3 serta H2O. Bahan dasar Lempung diperoleh dari daerah Sidrap Sul-Sel dan abu sekam padi diperoleh dari pembakaran sekam. Zeolit hasil sintesis dilakukan pengujian XRF untuk megetahui unsur yang terkandung didalam bahan dasar, masing-masing SiO2 diperoleh sebesar 45,80 wt% lempung dan 93,40% abu sekam padi, struktur kekristalan zeolit yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi dengan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) berbentuk kristal dengan masing-masing zeolit yang terbentuk zeolit-Y dan Struktur mikro menggunakan Scanning  Electron Microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Direct Synthesis of Sodalite from Kaolin: The Influence of Alkalinity

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Meyga Evi Ferama Sari ◽  
Suprapto Suprapto ◽  
Didik Prasetyoko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Increase ◽  
Scanning Electron

Alkalinity is one of the most important factors that influence the crystallization process of zeolite and the product properties. The influence of alkalinity on the synthesis of sodalite from kaolin without calcinations was reported in this research. The synthesis of sodalite using molar ratio of Na2O/Al2O3 = x, H2O/Na2O = 128/x and SiO2/Al2O3 = 2/x, where x was the variation of molar ratio of alkalinity: 10, 20, 30, and 40. The synthesis has done by stirring for 6 h, without aging, and the crystallization time was 24 h under hydrothermal method (100 °C). The products were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The X-ray diffraction pattern and infrared spectroscopy shown that pure sodalite was formed by using molar ratio of alkalinity 10, 20, and 30. The crystallinity and particle size increase along with increasing of alkalinity. Quartz was formed by using molar ratio of alkalinity 40.

Co-Deposition of Al–Ni Alloy in NiCl2-AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide ([EMIM]Br) Ionic Liquid

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Li Peng Zhang ◽  
Xian Jin Yu ◽  
Zhi Wei Ge ◽  
Yun Hui Dong ◽  
Dang Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Scanning Electron

Al-Ni Alloys were obtained from NiCl2-AlCl3-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([EMIM]Br) ionic liquid at room temperature. The analysis of Al-Ni alloys that co-deposited at different potentials for 2h were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). It appears that Ni has been rapidly solidified in the alloys and homogeneous Al-Ni alloys can be obtained at room temperature. As increasing the overpotential, the amount of Ni in the alloys was decreased whereas the amount of Al was increased. The chloride pitting potentials of alloys with the molar ratio of NiCl2/AlCl3/[EMIM]Br 0.03:2:1 was approximately 0.3 V more than pure Al.

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