scholarly journals National and ethnic minorities in museums

1970 ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Peter Dragsbo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Cultural Minorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts

In the discussions of the representation of the numerous “new” ethnic, religious, gender and cultural minorities, the “old” national and ethnic minorities sometimes seem to be a little forgotten. Thus, some of the crucial questions of these minorities in relation to museums are rarely discussed. One of these is the tendency of many minority museums to formalize stereotypes of the minority, a so-to-say self- “folklorization”. At the same time respecting the importance of a minority to master its self-presentation through museums, the museums have a common challenge to include the outside world, being aware that every minority is also a product of historical processes, short and long distance influences, meeting and mixture of cultures, changing identities and shifts in self-symbolization. Also, the minorities must accept that majority museums have a right and duty to tell the history of the minorities, thus cooperating with the minority in reducing the “othering” on both sides, accepting that both sides, freed from any bias, can communicate also the “unpleasant” stories of the other part.

WHAT CONSTITUTED HISTORICAL EVIDENCE OF THE NEW WORLD? CLOSENESS AND DISTANCE IN WILLIAM ROBERTSON AND FRANCISCO JAVIER CLAVIJERO

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-695
Author(s):  
SILVIA SEBASTIANI
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Robertson ◽  
Commercial Expansion ◽  
New Phase

According to Gerbi's classical study, the “dispute of the New World” entered a new phase in the 1780s, one marked by voices coming from the Americas. New questions were then raised about the writing of history, its method, scope and proofs. This essay pursues a dual-track enquiry, confronting theHistory of America(1777) by the Presbyterian minister William Robertson, a leading figure of the Scottish Enlightenment, with theStoria antica del Messico(1780–81) by the Mexican exiled Jesuit Francisco Javier Clavijero. The two works, one written from the centre of the world's commercial expansion, the other from the Pontifical States, were engaged in a sophisticated dialogue, which yields two alternative, competing conceptions of history and of humankind. To Robertson's philosophical history, which developed from a long-distance perspective, characteristic of Enlightenment, Clavijero responded by reassessing the Jesuit and antiquarian tradition, based on closeness, local expertise and direct observation.

scholarly journals Othering, identity formation and agency

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Qvotrup Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Minority Men

The article examines the potentials of the concept of othering to describe identity formation among ethnic minorities. First, it outlines the history of the concept, its contemporary use, as well as some criticisms. Then it is argued that young ethnic minority men in Denmark are subject to intersectional othering, which contains elements of exoticist fascination of the other. On the basis of ethnographic material, it is analysed how young marginalized ethnic minority men react to othering. Two types of reactions are illustrated: 1) capitalization on being positioned as the other, and 2) refusing to occupy the position of the other by disidentification and claims to normality. Finally, it is argued that the concept of othering is well suited for understanding the power structures as well as the historic symbolic meanings conditioning such identity formation, but problematic in terms of agency.

Building Images of the “Other”

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-90
Author(s):  
Adalyat Issiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Affiliation ◽  
Institutional Forces ◽  
History Of

This chapter gives an overview of the history of the development of ethnography in Russia. It includes brief discussions of official policies on ethnic minorities, individual and institutional forces that influenced them, and the channels through which ethnographies were disseminated (publications and exhibitions). It also discusses various features that shaped Russian ethnography’s particular pattern (exile ethnography, the contribution of Russia’s inorodtsy to orientology, the focus on byt) and points out some of its differences from European writings. Some Russian ethnographies on inorodtsy culture and music challenged the popular, predominantly derogatory representation of Russia’s newly acquired citizens, while others reinforced these biases. Case studies of ethnographies about Russian nomads (Aleksei Levshin), Siberian peoples (Alexander Middendorff), and Muslims living in the Volga-Kama region (Alexander Rittikh) and Russian Turkestan (August Eichhorn) reveal that the tone and approach to Russia’s inorodtsy varied according to the academic affiliation, bureaucratic position, or individual interests that stood behind the research.

Lexical Parallels in Smolensk and Vitebsk Dialects (Non-Derived Vocabulary)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Lunkova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Close Interaction ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

Close interaction of Smolensk dialects with borderline Vitebsk and Mogilev ones is caused, on the one hand, by the common historical processes of the region, on the other hand, it is determined by the similarity of the cultural heritage of the Russian-Belarusian borderland. Throughout the Russian-Belarusian border, which runs through the territory of Smolensk region, there are a number of lexical formations that are a part of the existing language continuum that is of great interest to researchers from the standpoint of studying the existing dialect systems in synchrony and diachrony. It is expedient to oppose the existing dialect systems to the Russian and Belarusian standard languages in order to exclude possible facts of coincidence with a codified form from the description of the dialect language material. The found nouns with specific subject semantics are considered as lexical correspondences, i.e. regardless of the history of distribution or these units borrowing, from the standpoint of their synchronous existence in particular dialect systems. All dialect lexical correspondences can be divided into three groups, taking into account the similarity or degree of lexical meaning divergence. These groups are equivalent in different accounts and they correlate to each other on this criterion. This fact lets the study speaks in favor of the stability of the lexical meaning of non-derived nouns with specific subject semantics so that these nouns exist as lexical parallels in Smolensk and Vitebsk dialects.

Same Yet Different: A Comparison of Pipeline Industries in Canada and Australia

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Jaques
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Operations And Maintenance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Pipeline Design ◽  
Better Than

Canada and Australia are remarkably similar countries. Characteristics such as geography, politics, native land issues, and population are notably similar, while the climate may be considered the most obvious difference between the two countries. The pipeline industries are similar as well, but yet very different in some respects too. This presentation will explore some of the similarities and differences between the pipeline industries in both countries. The focus of the discussion will be mainly on long-distance, cross-country gas transmission pipelines. The author of this paper spent 4 years working for TransCanada PipeLines in Calgary in a pipeline design and construction capacity, and has spent 2.5 years working for an engineering consultant firm, Egis Consulting Australia, in a variety of roles on oil and gas projects in Australia. Topics to be addressed include the general pipeline industry organisation and the infrastructure in both countries. The history of the development of the pipeline industry in each country provides insight as to why each is organised the way it is today. While neither system is “better” than the other, there are certain advantages to Canada’s system (nationally regulated) over Australia’s system (currently state-regulated). The design codes of each country will be compared and contrasted. The pipeline design codes alternate in level of detail and strictness of requirements. Again, it cannot be said that one is “better” than the other, although in some cases one country’s code is much more useful than the other for pipeline designers. Construction techniques affected by the terrain and climate in each country will be explored. Typical pipeline construction activities are well known to pipeliners all over the globe: clear and grade, trench, string pipe, weld pipe, coat welds, lower in, backfill and clean up. The order of these activities may change, depending on the terrain and the season, and the methods of completing each activity will also depend on the terrain and the season, however the principles remain the same. Australia and Canada differ in aspects such as climate, terrain and watercourse type, and therefore each country has developed methods to handle these issues. Finally, some of the current and future opportunities for the 21st century for the pipeline industry in both countries will be discussed. This discussion will include items such as operations and maintenance issues, Canada’s northern development opportunities, and Australia’s national gas grid possibilities.

Theodor W. Adorno

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

In his somewhat controversial book Remnants of Auschwitz, Agamben makes brief reference to Theodor Adorno’s apparently contradictory remarks on perceptions of death post-Auschwitz, positions that Adorno had taken concerning Nazi genocidal actions that had seemed also to reflect something horribly errant in the history of thought itself. There was within such murderous acts, he had claimed, a particular degradation of death itself, a perpetration of our humanity bound in some way to affect our perception of reason itself. The contradictions regarding Auschwitz that Agamben senses to be latent within Adorno’s remarks involve the intuition ‘on the one hand, of having realized the unconditional triumph of death against life; on the other, of having degraded and debased death. Neither of these charges – perhaps like every charge, which is always a genuinely legal gesture – succeed in exhausting Auschwitz’s offense, in defining its case in point’ (RA 81). And this is the stance that Agamben wishes to hammer home quite emphatically vis-à-vis Adorno’s limitations, ones that, I would only add, seem to linger within Agamben’s own formulations in ways that he has still not come to reckon with entirely: ‘This oscillation’, he affirms, ‘betrays reason’s incapacity to identify the specific crime of Auschwitz with certainty’ (RA 81).

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

The World after the End of the World

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kas Saghafi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
End Of The World

In several late texts, Derrida meditated on Paul Celan's poem ‘Grosse, Glühende Wölbung’, in which the departure of the world is announced. Delving into the ‘origin’ and ‘history’ of the ‘conception’ of the world, this paper suggests that, for Derrida, the end of the world is determined by and from death—the death of the other. The death of the other marks, each and every time, the absolute end of the world.

Med. Dr. Adalbert Wraný (1836–1902) – doctor of medicine, mineral collector and donor to the National Museum in Prague

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-146
Author(s):  
Martin Bohatý ◽  
Dalibor Velebil
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Industrial Chemistry ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Geological Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Precious Stones

Adalbert Wraný (*1836, †1902) was a doctor of medicine, with his primary specialization in pediatric pathology, and was also one of the founders of microscopic and chemical diagnostics. He was interested in natural sciences, chemistry, botany, paleontology and above all mineralogy. He wrote two books, one on the development of mineralogical research in Bohemia (1896), and the other on the history of industrial chemistry in Bohemia (1902). Wraný also assembled several natural science collections. During his lifetime, he gave to the National Museum large collections of rocks, a collection of cut precious stones and his library. He donated a collection of fossils to the Geological Institute of the Czech University (now Charles University). He was an inspector of the mineralogical collection of the National Museum. After his death, he bequeathed to the National Museum his collection of minerals and the rest of the gemstone collection. He donated paintings to the Prague City Museum, and other property to the Klar Institute of the Blind in Prague. The National Museum’s collection currently contains 4 325 samples of minerals, as well as 21 meteorites and several hundred cut precious stones from Wraný’s collection.

BUILDING THE MODEL OF INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION EFFICIENCY IN CONSERVATION AND PROMOTION OF THE IDENTITY VALUE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES CULTURE IN ETHNIC MINORITY BOARDING GENERAL SCHOOLS, ETHNIC MINORITY SEMI-BOARDING GENERAL SCHOOLS AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES THROUGH LANGUAGE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngo Quang Son ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Communication Efficiency ◽  
History Of

Traditional culture of ethnic minorities is the material and spiritual values that are accumulated and preservedin the whole history of ethnic minority development. In thatcommon cultural flow, every ethnic minorities group in ourcountry has its own characteristics in traditional culture.That identity is expressed firstly in language. Language is animportant element of the ethnic minorities character, therefore,the loss of language is the loss of a great asset, thereby leadingto the erasure of art literature, religious beliefs and the custom,customary law.Therefore, in the context of modern life, preserving andpromoting the cultural and linguistic identity of ethnicminorities is an urgent task. In particular, pay specialattention to the method of cultural preservation through thedevelopment of Information, Education and CommunicationModel in ethnic minorities languages in schools and localcommunities.

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