John Langston Gwaltney

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Deborah Johnson-Simon
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Black Culture ◽  
Black English ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
The Us ◽  
Margaret Mead ◽  
Communal Responsibility ◽  
Family Groups

This chapter offers an overview of John Langston Gwaltney’s personal life and his work as a scholar, teacher, writer, ritual wood carver, and native anthropologist. It also explores the complex factors that enabled him to overcome the challenges of being blind from birth and undertake fieldwork under the guidance of Margaret Mead. It also explores his contributions to a core black ethnography and drylongso (a black English term meaning “ordinary” or “not unusual”) and to African American museology. He maintained that a “core black culture” existed in the US, centered around large family groups and church affiliations, and that it included communal responsibility, tolerance, conviviality, awareness of repression, and a rich language.

Final Consonant Deletion in African American Children Speaking Black English

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Moran
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Black English ◽  
African American Children ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Minimal Pairs ◽  
Speech Evaluation ◽  
American Children

The purpose of this study was to determine whether African American children who delete final consonants mark the presence of those consonants in a manner that might be overlooked in a typical speech evaluation. Using elicited sentences from 10 African American children from 4 to 9 years of age, two studies were conducted. First, vowel length was determined for minimal pairs in which final consonants were deleted. Second, listeners who identified final consonant deletions in the speech of the children were provided training in narrow transcription and reviewed the elicited sentences a second time. Results indicated that the children produced longer vowels preceding "deleted" voiced final consonants, and listeners perceived fewer deletions following training in narrow transcription. The results suggest that these children had knowledge of the final consonants perceived to be deleted. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.

scholarly journals African American Unemployment and the Disparity in Periviable Births

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Catalano ◽  
Deborah Karasek ◽  
Tim Bruckner ◽  
Joan A. Casey ◽  
Katherine Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Hispanic White

AbstractPeriviable infants (i.e., born before 26 complete weeks of gestation) represent fewer than .5% of births in the US but account for 40% of infant mortality and 20% of billed hospital obstetric costs. African American women contribute about 14% of live births in the US, but these include nearly a third of the country’s periviable births. Consistent with theory and with periviable births among other race/ethnicity groups, males predominate among African American periviable births in stressed populations. We test the hypothesis that the disparity in periviable male births among African American and non-Hispanic white populations responds to the African American unemployment rate because that indicator not only traces, but also contributes to, the prevalence of stress in the population. We use time-series methods that control for autocorrelation including secular trends, seasonality, and the tendency to remain elevated or depressed after high or low values. The racial disparity in male periviable birth increases by 4.45% for each percentage point increase in the unemployment rate of African Americans above its expected value. We infer that unemployment—a population stressor over which our institutions exercise considerable control—affects the disparity between African American and non-Hispanic white periviable births in the US.

Prosopographika Rhodiaka

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 209-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Complex Form ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Exact Relationship ◽  
Greek World ◽  
Family Trees ◽  
Family Groups

Dedications to an individual by members of his immediate family were common throughout the Greek world, but in Rhodian territory a more complex form of family dedication is attested, with several members of the wider family circle participating and listing their exact relationship to the honorand. When these inscriptions with their various kinship terms are correctly interpreted, stemmas of large family groups may be drawn up. The method which must be used in understanding these ‘family monuments’ is shown by an analysis of IG xii (1) 72 a–b, and the texts of four similar inscriptions are examined and revised so that family trees may be created for their family groups (ILind 382 b; Inschr. Nisyros 3 with IG xii (3) 103; IG xii (1) 107, the most complex of all Rhodian ‘family monuments’). The presence in IG xii (1) 107 of Hagesandros the son of Paionios, one of the three Rhodian sculptors of the Sperlonga and Laocoon statuary groups, leads to a reconsideration of the date of the groups and of the career of the only one of the three sculptors otherwise attested as an artist, Athanodoros the son of Hagesandros. It can be shown by securely dated pieces of epigraphical evidence that Hagesandros and Athanodoros were born c.80 BC and had their artistic floruit early in the reign of Augustus. The Sperlonga and Laocoon sculpture must therefore be dated to this period.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Risky Behaviors and Health Changes in African-American Smokers Who Are Eligible for LDCT Screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tung-Sung Tseng ◽  
Mirandy Li ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Kao ◽  
Lei-Shih Chen ◽  
Hui-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Health Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted much of day-to-day life in the US and around the world. Smokers have a higher risk of adverse outcomes due to COVID-19. This study investigated the impact of COVID-19 on risky behaviors and health changes in lower income African-American smokers eligible for Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, who may be more adversely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 22 African-American daily smokers who were eligible for LDCT screening participated in this study. The mean age of participants was 61.2 years old (SD = 4.7), 77.3% of the smokers were female, all participants had an income below $20,000, and 63.6% were on Medicaid. Descriptive statistics were used to provide summary information on demographics, COVID-19, and health status. Results showed that participants increased cigarette smoking, spent more time on screens, increased sugary drink consumption, consumed more vegetables and fruits, and engaged in more gardening activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, participants also decreased physical activity time and slept less during the pandemic. In general, more than one-third of participants gained more body weight and reported increased stress and anxiety. Our results suggest that African-American smokers who qualify for LDCT screening should be encouraged to consider strategies not only for smoking cessation, but also risky behavior control and management.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Barbados, West Indies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselm J. M. Hennis ◽  
Ian R. Hambleton ◽  
Suh-Yuh Wu ◽  
Desiree H.-A. Skeete ◽  
Barbara Nemesure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
West Indies ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Prostate Cancer Incidence ◽  
White American ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

We describe prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Barbados, West Indies. We ascertained all histologically confirmed cases of prostate cancer during the period July 2002 to December 2008 and reviewed each death registration citing prostate cancer over a 14-year period commencing January 1995. There were 1101 new cases for an incidence rate of 160.4 (95% Confidence Interval: 151.0–170.2) per 100,000 standardized to the US population. Comparable rates in African-American and White American men were 248.2 (95% CI: 246.0–250.5) and 158.0 (95% CI: 157.5–158.6) per 100,000, respectively. Prostate cancer mortality rates in Barbados ranged from 63.2 to 101.6 per 100,000, compared to 51.1 to 78.8 per 100,000 among African Americans. Prostate cancer risks are lower in Caribbean-origin populations than previously believed, while mortality rates appeared to be higher than reported in African-American men. Studies in Caribbean populations may assist understanding of disparities among African-origin populations with shared heredity.

Coming Back Home to Oppressive Mississippi: A Figurative Study of Jesmyn Ward’s Men We Reaped

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Michał Choiński
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Us South ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Return Home

The aim of the paper is to discuss the figurative aspects of Jesmyn Ward’s The Men We Reaped (2013). In her memoir, Ward demonstrates the connections between the systemic racism in the US South and the tragic stories of five African-American men who were close to her, and who died between 2000-2004. The tragic loss of these lives is presented through a number of figurative images which present the region through the metaphors of predatory animals, physical burdens and uncanny doubling. Also, the article reflects on how Ward coped with the trauma of loss through her writings, and how, in numerous interviews, she justified her decision to return home to Mississippi and to settle there, in spite of the systemic racism and the trauma of loss.

Geomemory and Genre Friction: Infrastructural Violence and Plantation Afterlives in Contemporary African American Novels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Evans
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
American Fiction ◽  
Us South ◽  
American Novels ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
The Us

Abstract This essay argues that contemporary African American novels turn to the gothic in order to dramatize the uncanny infrastructural and spatial afterlives of the plantation through a literary strategy it identifies as geomemory: a genre friction between mimetic and gothic modes in which postplantation spaces in the US South are imbued with temporal slippages such that past and present meet through the built environment. Tracing the plantation’s environmental and infrastructural presence in the Gulf Coast and throughout the US South, this essay argues that the plantation’s presence is fundamentally gothic. Geomemory, a trope evident across the emerging canon of contemporary African American fiction, allows writers to address the representational challenge of infrastructural and spatial violence via a defamiliarizing chronotope in which past, present, and future come into uneasy contact. Further, geomemory’s particular enmeshment with spatial design and infrastructure means that it moves from identifying the modern afterlife of the plantation to situating the present in the long context of plantation modernity.

The Way to Waimanalo

Runaway ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Chaney
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Margaret Mead ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services ◽  
Morphology Learning ◽  
The Way

The narrative setting for this chapter is the new Oceanic Institute and its sister facility, Sea Life Park, in Waimanalo, Hawaii, in the early 1960s, where Bateson is studying the way dolphins communicate with each other. Among his colleagues – pioneers in dolphin training for public performance and ocean scientists with military contracts – Bateson was beloved but misunderstood. At issue was Bateson’s deep scorn for modern utilitarian science and B.F. Skinner behaviorism. The source of this scorn can be found in Bateson’s background: his youth in British naturalism and as the son of the founder of genetics William Bateson; his 1936 marriage to Margaret Mead, their work in Papau New Guinea and Bali, and their part, along with Ruth Benedict, in Boasian cultural relativism and the culture and personality school of anthropology; Bateson's anthropological morphology, learning theory, and concept of schismogenesis; and his black ops work with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in World War II. In the aftermath of the war, the US government opened its doors to the social sciences to aid in its Cold War policies. Bateson’s marriage to Margaret Mead crumbled amidst his refusal to accompany her through these doors.

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