scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Monitoring of the Estrous Cycle Based on Changes in Plasma Progesterone Concentration and Vaginal Cytology in a Captive Female Lion (Panthera leo)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Keisuke KAWASE ◽  
Jumpei TOMIYASU ◽  
Kazuyuki BAN ◽  
Ran KIMURA ◽  
Ryosuke ONO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Invasive Monitoring ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Vaginal Cytology

SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE IN THE COW DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE, PREGNANCY, AT PARTURITION, AND POST-PARTUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Estrous Behavior

The progesterone concentration in peripheral plasma has been measured sequentially in individual cows during the estrous cycle, gestation, at parturition, and post-partum. During the estrous cycle the concentration was lowest just before, during, and just after estrus when the level (0.1–0.4 ng/ml) was similar to that found in three ovariectomized cows. The concentration commenced to rise on the 4th–6th day (day of estrus = 1st day), reached a peak of 3–6 ng/ml on the 11th–13th day, and dropped rapidly over a 24–48-hr period to a basal value 24–72 hr before the next estrus. In early pregnancy, the plasma progesterone concentration was similar to the maximum levels found during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Between 90 and 150 days there was an indication of a decline to a relatively low plasma progesterone concentration followed by a variable rise. Prior to parturition, there was a gradual decline over a period of 35–70 days reaching a level of <2.0 ng/ml the day before parturition. Following parturition, the level remained at <0.5 ng/ml until the first sign of the resumption of cyclic activity. The time for this to occur was very variable (20–>60 days). Although not conclusive, the evidence favors the view that for estrous behavior to occur, estrus must be preceded by luteal activity. The discharge of mucus can occur without previous luteal activity.

scholarly journals Effect of deslorelin on the induction of estrus in anestrous bitches

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Lanna ◽  
A.P. Marques Jr. ◽  
R.H. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Injectable Formulation ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

The efficacy of one or multiple doses of an injectable formulation of deslorelin (a GnRH agonist) was evaluated to induce estrus in anestrous bitches. Thirteen animals composed three groups: group 1 (n=5, single IM injection of 2mg deslorelin), group 2 (n=5, four IM injections of 2mg deslorelin in alternate days), and control group (n=3, four IM saline injections in alternate days). Daily clinical evaluations, sexual behavior, vaginal cytology, plasma progesterone concentration, ovaryhysterectomy and macroscopic evaluation of the uterus and ovaries were done. In group 1, none of the bitches showed signs of estrus, while two developed clinical signs and vaginal cytology of proestrus. In group 2, all animals presented proestrus, four presented estrus, and three ovulated; resulting in a functional corpus luteum and high progesterone concentration until day 25 of diestrus, when ovaryhysterectomy was performed. The duration of the stages of deslorelin induced cycles and the progesterone profile were similar to those described in the literature, and no side effects were observed. In conclusion, injectable formulation of deslorelin in multiple injections was effective to induce fertile estrus in anestrous bitches.

scholarly journals 315 CORPORA LUTEA MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECHOTEXTURAL ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
E. D. Souza ◽  
L. S. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue

It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of the physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL). The aim of this study was to evaluate corpus luteum morphological and echotextural changes, and to correlate these changes with plasma progesterone concentration [P4] throughout the bovine estrous cycle. Crossbred heifers were scanned daily, using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5-MHz linear-array rectal transducer, throughout a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n = 12) or during a shorter estrous cycle, interrupted on the 10th day, by luteolysis induction (Experiment 2; n = 6). Blood samples were collected for further plasma [P4] analyses by RIA. Corpora lutea areas (cm2) were measured, and daily images of each CL were videotaped (VHS tapes) until digitized. Computer-assisted analyses of image attributes were performed using a custom-developed software. Daily values of luteal area, echotexture, and plasma [P4] values were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test to determine differences among means of each cycle day. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between luteal area, mean pixel value, pixel heterogeneity, and plasma [P4]. In the first experiment, luteal tissue area increased to a maximum on the 10th day (P < 0.05), followed by a plateau, and then declined from Day 14 to next estrus. There was a significant correlation between luteal tissue area and plasma P4 (r = 0.69; P < 0.01). In the second experiment, plasma P4 dropped to basal values 24 h after luteolysis induction. Luteal tissue area decreased at a slow rate, and reached values similar to ones from metestrus 36 h after treatment. In Experiment 1, echotexture parameters of the CL were analyzed after data adjustment to the onset of luteolysis. In both experiments, mean pixel values did not change throughout the estrous cycle and there was no correlation between mean pixel values and plasma [P4] (P > 0.10). Pixel heterogeneity changed throughout the natural estrous cycle, with maximum value on metestrus (Day 14; Day 0 = luteolysis) and minimum on diestrus (Day 2; P < 0.01). However, this parameter did not change when luteolysis was induced (Experiment 2; P > 0.10). There were significant correlations between pixel heterogeneity and plasma progesterone in both of the experiments (r = –0.69 and r = –0.48; P < 0.05). In conclusion, mean pixel values do not reflect morphological or functional changes of the CL throughout the estrous cycle. On the other hand, based on the correlations between pixel heterogeneity and systemic [P4] in both experiments, this image attribute (heterogeneity) has the potential to indicate functionality and steroidogenic capacity of the luteal gland.

SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN THE EWE DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE, AND DURING PREGNANCY IN INTACT AND OVARIECTOMIZED SHEEP

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SARDA ◽  
H. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
T. C. SMEATON
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Second Peak

The progesterone concentration in the peripheral plasma was measured sequentially in individual ewes during the estrous cycle, and during gestation and parturition in intact and in ovariectomized ewes. Progesterone levels during anestrum and in ovariectomized ewes have been measured. During the estrous cycle the concentration was lowest (0.1–0.2 ng/ml) from 36 h before to 48 h after, the onset of estrus. A similar concentration was found during anestrum and in ovariectomized ewes, suggesting that at estrus the progesterone comes from nonovarian tissue, probably the adrenal gland. On the 4th day of the cycle (day of estrus = 1st day) the progesterone level began to rise reaching a peak of 1.9–4.0 ng/ml on the 10th day. After a decline, the level rose to a second peak on the 14th or 15th day. Three to 4 days before the next onset of estrus the concentration dropped sharply over a period of 48 h to a low basal level (0.1–0.2 ng/ml). During early pregnancy the plasma progesterone concentration remained fairly constant at a level similar to the maximum level found during the cycle. A sharp rise started around the 80th day, reaching 15–20 ng/ml around the 110th day. This was followed by a second peak, then a decline in the plasma progesterone concentration before parturition, but the time at which this began was variable (1–11 days) and even on the day of parturition the level was generally > 3 ng/ml. A basal level of < 0.5 ng/ml was reached within 24 h after parturition. Pregnancy in ewes ovariectomized soon after conceiving was maintained with implants of progesterone. When these implants were removed around the 90th day of pregnancy the plasma progesterone concentration showed a similar rise to that which occurred in intact pregnant ewes at this time. Parturition occurred normally in these ewes. Within the limited population sample, any relation between the plasma progesterone and the number, sex, or weight of the fetus (es) was masked by the individual variability in the concentration of progesterone.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

scholarly journals Expression Profiles of the Progesterone Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Growth Differentiation Factor 9, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Transcripts in the Canine Oviducts during the Oestrous Cycle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Jaime Palomino ◽  
Javiera Flores ◽  
Georges Ramirez ◽  
Victor H. Parraguez ◽  
Monica De los Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ◽  
Cox 2

The gene expression in the canine oviduct, where oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur, is still elusive. This study determined the oviductal expression of (PR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) during the canine oestrous cycle. Samples were collected from bitches at anoestrus (9), proestrus (7), oestrus (8), and dioestrus (11), after routine ovariohysterectomy and the ovarian surface structures and plasma progesterone concentration evaluated the physiological status of each donor. The oviductal cells were isolated and pooled. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression was assessed by qPCR followed by analysis using the t-test and ANOVA. The PR mRNA increased (P < 0.05) from the anoestrus to dioestrus with the plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.8). COX-2 mRNA expression was low in the anoestrus and proestrus, and negligible in the oestrus, while it was around 10-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the dioestrus. The GDF-9 mRNA was expressed during all phases of the oestrous cycle and was most abundant (P < 0.05) during oestrus phase. The BMP-15 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the anoestrus and proestrus phases. Thus, the transcripts were differentially expressed in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting the importance of oestrous cycle regulation for successful reproduction in dogs.

scholarly journals Ovarian follicular dynamic and plasma progesterone concentration in Alpine goats on the breeding season

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Alves ◽  
C.A.A. Torres ◽  
J.D. Guimarães ◽  
E.A. Moraes ◽  
P.B. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone

Progesterone levels in peripheral plasma of Rocky Mountain bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis) during the estrous cycle and pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1108
Author(s):  
P. E. Whitehead ◽  
E. H. McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Peripheral Plasma

Plasma progesterone levels of three Rocky Mountain bighorn ewes (Ovis canadensis) were determined during anestrus, estrus, and pregnancy. Eighteen-month-old ewes had "silent" heats with peak progesterone levels ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 ng/mL. At [Formula: see text] years of age, luteal activity preceded behavioural estrus and successful breeding. During the first 50 days of gestation, plasma progesterone levels increased to 8.5 ng/mL (8.0–9.2 ng/mL). From 50 to 80 days, progesterone levels decreased, followed by an increase to peak values of 13.3 to 23.2 ng/mL. A rapid decline in progesterone levels occurred about the time of parturition.

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