scholarly journals In vitro fermentation profiles of different soybean oligosaccharides and their effects on skatole production and cecal microbiota of broilers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Miao Xu ◽  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Guiqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Oligosaccharides

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) —a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Glucoraphanin is hydrolyzed by lactobacilli in vitro and rat cecal microbiota in vitro and in situ.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren‐Hau Lai ◽  
Michael J Miller ◽  
Elizabeth H Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Cecal Microbiota

scholarly journals In vitro Modeling of Chicken Cecal Microbiota Ecology and Metabolism Using the PolyFermS Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Tetteh Asare ◽  
Anna Greppi ◽  
Alessia Pennacchia ◽  
Katharina Brenig ◽  
Annelies Geirnaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Fermentation Medium ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Functional Metagenomics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chicken Cecum ◽  
Metagenomics Analysis

Continuous in vitro fermentation models provide a useful tool for a fast, reproducible, and direct assessment of treatment-related changes in microbiota metabolism and composition independent of the host. In this study, we used the PolyFermS model to mimic the conditions of the chicken cecum and evaluated three nutritive media for in vitro modeling of the chicken cecal microbiota ecology and metabolism. We observed that our model inoculated with immobilized cecal microbiota and fed with a modified Viande Levure medium (mVL-3) reached a high bacterial cell density of up to approximately 10.5 log cells per mL and stable microbiota composition, akin to the host, during 82 days of continuous operation. Relevant bacterial functional groups containing primary fibrolytic (Bacteroides, Bifidobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae), glycolytic (Enterococcus), mucolytic (Bacteroides), proteolytic (Bacteroides), and secondary acetate-utilizing butyrate-producing and propionate-producing (Lachnospiraceae) taxa were preserved in vitro. Besides, conserved metabolic and functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were observed between in vitro microbiota and cecal inoculum microbiota as predicted by functional metagenomics analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the continuous inoculation provided by the inoculum reactor generated reproducible metabolic profiles in second-stage reactors comparable to the chicken cecum, allowing for the simultaneous investigation and direct comparison of different treatments with a control. In conclusion, we showed that PolyFermS is a suitable model for mimicking chicken cecal microbiota fermentation allowing ethical and ex vivo screening of environmental factors, such as dietary additives, on chicken cecal fermentation. We report here for the first time a fermentation medium (mVL-3) that closely mimics the substrate conditions in the chicken cecum and supports the growth and metabolic activity of the cecal bacterial akin to the host. Our PolyFermS chicken cecum model is a useful tool to study microbiota functionality and structure ex vivo.

Soybean Oligosaccharides Supplementation Attenuates the Fecal Odor Compounds by Modulate the Cecal Microbiota of Broilers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiying Liu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Weiguo Dong ◽  
Guiqin Yang
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Oligosaccharides

Abstract Background: Abatement of odor emissions in poultry production is very important for the quality and safety in poultry industries and benefit to the environment.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of different levels soybean oligosaccharides (SBO) in comparison with chlortetracycline (CHL) on major odor-causing compound in excreta and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. One-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to 6 treatments with 6 replicate pens (10 birds/pen) for the 42-day experiment, including, the negative control (NC) fed a basal diet, the positive control (PC) fed a basal diet with CHL, and the basal diet with SBO at 0.5, 2.0, 3.5, and 5.0 g/kg, respectively. Fresh excreta was sampled for analysis odor compounds by high performance liquid chromatography. Cecum content was collected to analyze the cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: The excreta indole concentration of broilers fed 2.0, 3.5 and 5.0 g/kg SBO and CHL diets were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared to NC. Excreta skatole concentration (P < 0.001) and pH (P < 0.05) were decreased by SBO and CHL. Formate concentration of birds fed 3.5 and 5.0 g/kg SBO diets were higher than that of birds fed other diets (P < 0.001). The acetate concentration (P = 0.003) were increased in birds fed 3.5 g/kg SBO diet. Deep sequencing 16S rRNA revealed that the composition of the cecal microbial digesta slightly or significantly changed by the supplementation of SBO or CHL. SBO decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, Bilophila, and Escherichia, which were related to indole and skatole concentration of excreta. While CHL had strong tendency to enrich Ruminococcus and reduce Rikenella. Conclusion: These results indicated that supplementation of dietary SBO was beneficial in attenuating the concentration of odor causing compounds and impact the composition cecal microbiota of broilers.

scholarly journals Supplementation of the Diet with High-Viscosity Beta-Glucan Results in Enrichment for Lactobacilli in the Rat Cecum

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1925-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Snart ◽  
Rodrigo Bibiloni ◽  
Teresa Grayson ◽  
Christophe Lay ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

ABSTRACT BBn (BioBreeding) rats were fed casein-based diets supplemented with barley flour, oatmeal flour, cellulose, or barley β-glucans of high [HV] or low viscosity [LV] in order to measure the prebiotic effects of these different sources of dietary fiber. The dietary impact on the composition of the cecal microbiota was determined by the generation of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene sequences. The DGGE profiles produced from the cecal microbiota of rats within each dietary group were similar, but consensus profiles generated from pooled bacterial DNAs showed differences between rat groups. Animals fed HV glucans (HV-fed rats) had DGGE consensus profiles that were 30% dissimilar from those of the other rat groups. A 16S rRNA gene fragment that was more conspicuous in the profiles of HV-fed animals than in those of cellulose-fed rats had sequence identity with Lactobacillus acidophilus. Measurements of L. acidophilus rRNA abundance (DNA-RNA hybridization), the preparation of cloned 16S rRNA gene libraries, and the enumeration of Lactobacillus cells (fluorescent in situ hybridization) showed that lactobacilli formed a greater proportion of the cecal microbiota in HV-fed rats. In vitro experiments confirmed that some lactobacilli utilize oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization, 3 or 4) present in β-glucan hydrolysates. The results of this study have relevance to the use of purified β-glucan products as dietary supplements for human consumption.

scholarly journals Production of Vinegar from Soybean Oligosaccharides, in vitro and in vivo Effects of the Vinegar on Human Fecal Microflora.

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732
Author(s):  
Yuji OKI ◽  
Kaori HASHIMOTO ◽  
Takashi MATSUMOTO ◽  
Terumasa KUBOTA ◽  
Mitsuo EMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Soybean Oligosaccharides ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

In Vitro Induction of Crystals of MT Protein by Vinblastine-Colcemid in Mouse Spermatids

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John J. Wolosewick ◽  
John H. D. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Rough Er ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
In Vitro Induction

Early in spermiogenesis the manchette is rapidly assembled in a distal direction from the nuclear-ring-densities. The association of vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the manchette microtubules (MTS) has been reported. In the mouse, osmophilic densities at the distal ends of the manchette are the organizing centers (MTOCS), and are associated with the SER. Rapid MT assembly and the lack of rough ER suggests that there is an existing pool of MT protein. Colcemid potentiates the reaction of vinblastine with tubulin and was used in this investigation to detect this protein.

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