scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm Fats and Their Impact on Gut Microbiota of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cecal Microbiota

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on cecal fermentation pattern, and fecal and cecal microbiota in rabbits. A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group) —a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HI diet (HID) and TM diet (TMD)), where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats during the whole trial that lasted 41 days. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed significantly lower growth when challenged with HI fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the cecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit cecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effects of Black Soldier Fly and Yellow Mealworm fats and their impact on gut microbiota of growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihem Dabbou ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Achille Schiavone ◽  
Angela Trocino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Group A ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Abstract Background The study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of two types of insect fats extracted from black soldier fly larvae (HI, Hermetia illucens L.) and yellow mealworm larvae (TM, Tenebrio molitor L.) and their effects as dietary replacement of soybean oil (S) on caecal fermentation pattern, and faecal and caecal microbiota in rabbits. Results A total of 120 weaned rabbits were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments (40 rabbits/group): a control diet (C diet) containing 1.5% of S and two experimental diets (HID and TMD) where S was totally substituted by HI or TM fats. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial activities, HI and TM fats did not show any effects on Salmonella growth. Yersinia enterocolitica showed lower growth when challenged with insect fats than the controls. The insect fat supplementation in rabbit diets increased the contents of the caecal volatile fatty acids when compared to the control group. A metataxonomic approach was adopted to investigate the shift in the microbial composition as a function of the dietary insect fat supplementation. The microbiota did not show a clear separation as a function of the inclusion, even if a specific microbial signature was observed. Indeed, HI and TM fat supplementation enriched the presence of Akkermansia that was found to be correlated with NH3-N concentration. An increase in Ruminococcus, which can improve the immune response of the host, was also observed. Conclusions This study confirms the potential of HI and TM fats as antibacterial feed ingredients with a positive influence on the rabbit caecal microbiota, thus supporting the possibility of including HI and TM fats in rabbit diets.

scholarly journals Hydroxyl and calcium ions diffusion from endodontic materials through roots of primary teeth - in vitro study

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Gerent Petry Nunes ◽  
Maria José de Carvalho Rocha
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Group A ◽  
Periapical Healing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Spectrometer Data

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the diffusion of calcium (Ca+2) and hydroxyl (OH-) ions from materials with a calcium hydroxide base - Ca(OH)2 through the intact roots of deciduous teeth. This diffusion of ions is important for periapical healing. Forty-six deciduous teeth were selected and instrumented to their working length with #40 files. The teeth were washed during cleaning and shaping with a 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution. The canals were dried with paper points. The teeth were divided into 4 groups based on the sealer type, with 10 specimens in each group. A fifth group of 6 teeth without sealer constituted the control group. The materials used as sealers were: Ca(OH)2 paste associated to propylene glycol (CaPE) thickened at the proportion of 2:1 w/v; UFSC (Federal University of Santa Catarina) paste - a mixture of 0.3g of zinc oxide with 0.3g of Ca(OH)2 with 0.2ml of olive oil 1:1 w/w; Vitapex® and Sealapex®. The coronal access was sealed with a glass ionomer after the root had been filled with each sealer. A one-third apical surface and foramen was hard-pressed with Araldite®. The teeth were stored individually in flasks containing saline solution at 37ºC and 100% humidity. The OH- and Ca+2 ions diffusion levels were determined using a pH meter and an atomic absorption spectrometer. Data were collected at 48 hours and at intervals of 7, 30, 45 and 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA to compare groups. In the pH evaluation, the CaPE group presented the largest OH- ions diffusion, which peaked at sixty days (p=0.0309), when compared to the other groups (p<0.0001). In relation to amount of Ca+2 ions released, the CaPE paste showed the best results, followed by the UFSC's paste. These results suggest that the CaPE paste was the material that allowed the highest diffusion of OH- and Ca+2 ions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849
Author(s):  
T Shankar ◽  
N Venugopal Rao ◽  
Snigdha Gowd ◽  
Syed Tauqheer Ahmed ◽  
V Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Group A ◽  
Curing Cycle

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base clamped by the conventional method and by new-press technique and cured by long curing cycle. Materials and methods In this study, a total of 60 standardized maxillary record bases were fabricated with seven reference points as follows: • Point A Incisive papilla, • Point B and C Canine region on either side • Point E and G Midpoint of tuberosities on either side • Point F Midpoint of the line joining the two tuberosities • Point D Midpoint between the line joining A and F Group A Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by conventional clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. Group A’ Ten maxillary record bases were fabricated by New Press or RS tension clamping method and cured by long curing cycle. The distances between the reference points, i.e. A-B, A-C, A-D, D-F, B-E, C-G, E-F, F-G, B-D, D-G, C-D, D-E of all three thermoplastic denture base plates were measured and recorded with the help of travelling microscope and were used for comparison with the measured and recorded readings of processed acrylic denture bases. The data obtained was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance and HSD Multiple Comparison Test. Results The overall results of the study indicate that among all the denture bases cured by the two clamping systems and the long curing cycle, group A‘ were the most dimensionally stable, followed by control group A. Conclusion The study concluded that the denture bases fabricated by the New Press method using the long curing cycle would produce the most dimensionally stable denture bases. How to cite this article Shankar T, Gowd S, Ahmed ST, Vinod V, Goud MV, Rao NV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Dimensional Accuracy of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Denture Base Clamped by the Conventional Method and by New-press Technique and Cured by Long Curing Cycle: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):842-849.

scholarly journals Vibration Induces BAFF Overexpression and Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in Cultured Human Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells in IgA Nephropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muyao Ye ◽  
Youming Peng ◽  
Chan Liu ◽  
Wenzhe Yan ◽  
Xiaofei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
B Cell Activation ◽  
Vibratory Stimulation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the influence ofin vitrovibratory stimulation of human tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs).Methods. Fourteen IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients with chronic tonsillitis (CT) and 12 CT patients with no renal pathology were enrolled. Group A TMCs were collected after 24 hours of culture and used to determine baseline levels. TMCs in groups B, C, D, E, and F were exposed to vibratory stimulation (60 Hz) for 0 (as the control group), 1, 3, 5, and 10 minutes, respectively.Results. Baseline concentrations of B-cell-activation factor (BAFF) and IgA1, BAFF mRNA expression, and aberrant O-glycosylation IgA1 level were higher in the IgAN group as compared to that in the CT group, and all increased after vibratory stimulation. Baseline mRNA expressions of coreβ1,3-galactosyltransferase (C1GALT1) and coreβ1,3GalT-specific molecular chaperone (Cosmc) were lower in the IgAN group; the levels decreased further after vibratory stimulation.Conclusion. In patients with IgAN, vibratory stimulation of TMCs appears to induce IgA1 secretion through activation of BAFF release and to aberrant O-glycosylation IgA1 by suppressing C1GALT1 and Cosmc expression.In vitrovibratory stimulation of human TMCs mimics the vibratory simulation of palatine tonsils produced by vocal cords during phonation.

scholarly journals Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdelazeem ◽  
Ken-ichi Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Kurosu ◽  
Yutaka Uyeno
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF FERROUS SULFATE ON ENAMEL DEMINERALIZATION OF HUMAN DECIDUOUS TEETH: AN IN VITRO STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Johnny Holanda De Gauw ◽  
Lara Maria Melo Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Neves Silva ◽  
Natanael Barbosa Santos ◽  
Maria Dânia Holanda Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ferrous sulfate (FS) on demineralized and non-demineralized human deciduous teeth. Additionally, it was evaluated the penetration extent of FS and its remineralizing effect on the enamel of deciduous teeth using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). Method: The sample comprised 44 human deciduous teeth. The 44 crowns were divided randomly into four groups: group A (FS after demineralization), group B (FS without demineralization), group C (only demineralization), and group D (control group). FS at 0.45 mol/L-1 was used daily (15 days) and demineralization was done by pH cycling (7 days). Then, three longitudinal slices of the crowns were photographed using PLM. The degree of penetration of the lesion or stain was measured in micrometers, as well as the distance between the external enamel surface and the core of lesion. Results: Group A showed a dark stain on the outer surface of enamel larger than the group B. It is suggested, a remineralizing effect when comparing groups, A and C. The mean depth and standard deviation for groups A, B, and C were 4.27µm (±1.49), 3.72 µm (±1.68) and 5.00 µm (±1.84), respectively. No dark stains were observed in group D. Conclusion: FS stained the demineralized and non-demineralized human deciduous teeth. However, dark stains in the non-demineralized teeth were smaller or absent, than in the demineralized teeth. Therefore, FS may have a protective effect against demineralization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fermented Oat and Black Soldier Fly Larva as Food Ingredients in Senior Dog Diets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Kangmin Seo ◽  
Hyun-Woo Cho ◽  
Julan Chun ◽  
Junghwan Jeon ◽  
Chanho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group A

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of fermented oat (FO) and black soldier fly larva (BSFL) as food ingredients for dogs. A total of 20 spayed female dogs were divided into four treatment groups, with 5 dogs per group. The four treatment groups consisted of a control group, a diet with 10% FO, one with 5% BSFL, and one with 10% FO and 5% BSFL, and each experimental food was fed for 12 weeks. The feeding of FO and/or BSFL did not affect the daily food intake, body weight, body condition score, fecal score, or skin condition of the dogs. In all the experimental groups, no significant differences in serum IgG, IL-10, or TNF-α levels were observed upon the feeding of FO and/or BSFL. Some hematological (white blood cell and basophils) and serum biochemical parameters (phosphorous, globulin, and alkaline phosphatase) showed significant differences with FO and/or BSFL feeding compared to the control group, but they were within the normal reference range. No adverse clinical signs related to these parameters being affected by FO and BSFL were observed. The feeding of BSFL for 12 weeks reduced the serum cholesterol level (p < 0.05) at the end of the experiment. Our findings suggest the suitability of FO and BSFL as food materials for dogs.

Comparison of the Effects of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Self-adhesive, Eugenol and Noneugenol Temporary and Traditional Cements on Gingiva and Pulp Living Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Alkurt ◽  
Zeynep Yesil Duymus ◽  
Tugay Sisci
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulp Cell ◽  
Luting Cement ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of cements: zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, self-adhesive resin cement, eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods: The agar-diffusion test was carried out on 4 types of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans; ATCC 35668), Streptococcus salivarius ( S. salivarius; ATCC 13419), Streptococcus sangius ( S. sangius; ATCC 10556), and Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei; ATCC 27139). Freshly prepared cement samples were placed on a brain heart infusion medium and left at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator. Ampicillin disks of 10 mg were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial effects were determined using the zone of inhibition measurement in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). To evaluate cell viability, an optical density microplate reader (Tecan™ Sunrise, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used at 24 and 48 hours at 570 and 630 nm, respectively. Results: Except the positive control group, the Adhesor luting cement showed a higher inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei. RelyX Temp E temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei, whereas the Cavex temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on only S. sangius at 24 and 48 hours. At 100% concentration, Cavex temporary cement showed the least toxicity (23.6% pulp cell and 9.9% gingival cell) and highest cell viability (76.4% pulp cell and 90.1% gingival cell) at 24 hours. However, Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements showed the highest toxicity (above 94% gingival cell and 95% pulp cell) at 100% concentration. Conclusions: Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements may have a cytotoxic potential. None of the cements showed an inhibitory effect on S. mutan and S. salivarius, whereas Adhesor luting cement has a higher inhibitory effect than that of S. sangius and L. casei.

scholarly journals Selection of probiotic bifidobacteria for lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 552-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vlková ◽  
M. Grmanová ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
I. Homutová ◽  
S. Dubná
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Gradient Plate ◽  
Selection Of

Twenty-six bifidobacteria were isolated from faecal samples of lambs. The isolates were identified, functional properties (survival ability at low pH and bile conditions) and antimicrobial activities against potential pathogens were determined. From the isolates with suitable properties (13 strains) rifampicin-resistant mutants were prepared by gradient plate techniques. This property enabled us to differentiate the administered organism from wild strains because resistance to rifampicin is rare among bifidobacteria. Rifampicin-resistant bifidobacteria (RRBifs) were administered to 3-days-old lambs in two trials. In the first trial the strain <i>B. ruminantium</i> L29 was applied to 3 lambs and was detected in faecal samples at high counts (6 log CFU/g on average) for one week. In the second trial 3 lambs received a “cocktail” of 12 strains and RRBifs survived in the intestinal tract at counts of about 6 log CFU/g for 25 days. The control group without probiotic treatment consisted of 6 animals. In both treated groups RRBifs dominated among bifidobacteria after their administration. Total bifidobacterial counts (5.64–7.32 log CFU/g) were significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to 2.31–2.85 log CFU/g detected in the control group during the first month of lamb life. Lactobacilli counts were also significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in treated groups compared to the control. The administered bifidobacteria did not affect any other monitored bacterial groups. On the basis of in vitro test results, suitable probiotic bifidobacterial strains for lambs were chosen. Some of them survived for 30 days in the gastrointestinal tract of treated lambs, but no tested strain was able to colonise the lamb’s tract permanently. The administration of bifidobacterial “cocktail” and consequent identification of the best survived strain seems to be an effective method for selection of potential probiotics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Pre-Pupae Raised on Household Organic Waste, as Potential Ingredients for Poultry Feed

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyonori Kawasaki ◽  
Yuka Hashimoto ◽  
Akihiro Hori ◽  
Toshiya Kawasaki ◽  
Hirofumi Hirayasu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Cecal Microbiota ◽  
Poultry Diets

Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and pre-pupae could be satisfactorily raised on household organic waste and used as poultry feed, offering a potential sustainable way to recycle untapped resources of waste. The present study was conducted to determine if whole (non-defatted) BSF larvae and pre-pupae raised on experimental household waste could substitute soybean meal and oil as ingredients for laying hen diets. While no significant differences in feed intake and the egg-laying rate of hens were observed throughout the experiment, egg weight and eggshell thickness were greater in the pre-pupae-fed group than in the other groups. Moreover, although diversity of the cecal microbiota was significantly higher in the pre-pupae-fed than in the control group, no significant differences in bacterial genera known to cause food poisoning were observed when comparing the treatment groups. Nonetheless, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations were significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group. Fat content in BSF was possibly related with the changes in the cecal microbiota. Hence, since BSF fat was deficient in essential fatty acids, special attention should be paid to the fat content and its fatty acid composition in the case of regular inclusion of BSF larvae and pre-pupae oil as an ingredient in poultry diets.

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