scholarly journals Nutritional composition of various insects and potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets –A review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assar Ali Shah ◽  
Pajaree Totakul ◽  
Maharach Matra ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Yupa Harnboonsong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein

scholarly journals Effects of dietary replacement of broiler litter withMucuna pruriens utilisforage and seed meal on performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical and physiological parameters in indigenous goats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doctor M.N. Mthiyane ◽  
Nozipho P. Gamedze ◽  
Abednego M. Dlamini ◽  
Arno Hugo ◽  
Ignatius V. Nsahlai
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Indigenous Goats

AbstractThe productivity of indigenous goats in Africa is constrained by shortage of protein-rich feed especially in winter. This study investigated the nutritional value of mucuna forage (MF) and seed meal (MSM) as alternative protein sources for indigenous goats. Mucuna was planted in 3 parallel and adjacent fields and its foliage nutritional composition determined at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after planting (WAP). MF was harvested at 14 WAP whilst mucuna pods were harvested at 28 – 30 WAP, shelled and the MSM chemically analysed. In a completely randomised design (CRD), 20 indigenous goats were randomly offered 5 treatment diets with, respectively, 0%, 25%, 50% and 100% MF and 100% MSM replacing broiler litter (BL), each with 4 replicates, for 82 days. Both mucuna foliage DM and CF contents increased (P < 0.001) whilst foliage CP, EE and ash contents decreased (P<0.001) with maturity. On the other hand, MSM contained high DM (90.7%), EE (3.7% DM) and CP (26.0% DM) but low CF (9.7% DM) and ash (5.5% DM) contents. Both body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were not influenced by dietary mucuna incorporation (P > 0.05). However, dietary MF, particularly at the 100% level, decreased goat feed intake (FI) (P < 0.001) whilst 100% MSM increased (P < 0.001) this parameter. Mucuna had no effect on all carcass characteristics (P > 0.05) but increased (P < 0.05), particularly at the 100% MSM level, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. There were no effects of mucuna on all biochemical and haematological indices (P > 0.05), except for the increase in serum glucose (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the optimal stage for harvesting and utilisation of MF is between 12 and 16 WAP and both MF and MSM, particularly the latter, are rich alternative protein sources for indigenous goats.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

scholarly journals Replacement of Fish Meal by Alternative Protein Sources in Rainbow Trout Diets.

1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1573-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Watanabe ◽  
Juadee Pongmaneerat ◽  
Shuichi Sato ◽  
Toshio Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein

PSV-B-26 Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Lauren Brewer ◽  
Matthew Panasevich ◽  
Nolan Frantz ◽  
Leighann Daristotle
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess graded inclusions of sunflower protein meal (SPM; crude protein: 54%, crude fat: 11%, crude fiber: 4%) and dried yeast (DY; crude protein: 50%, crude fat: 3%, crude fiber: 2%) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Both SPM and DY were included at 5% and 10% in replacement of pea protein in a high-protein, chicken-based feline diet to maintain equal macronutrient concentrations across all test diets (formulated to 41% crude protein, 18% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved and followed by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was executed with adult cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios between test diets (5% and 10% SPM or 5% and 10% DY), and test diets vs. control. Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 8 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale, where 1 = hard/formed and 5 = non-formed/diarrhea. All data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4) and T-tests post-hoc (Minitab 18). Palatability and stool quality were similar (P &gt; 0.05) between all diets. Protein digestibility was lower for DY-containing diets, compared with control (5% DY at P = 0.0083 and 10% DY at P = 0.0336), but not significantly different for SPM diets (P &gt; 0.05). However, average protein digestibility was &gt;88% across all diets. The alternative protein sources tested showed merit for inclusion to diversify ingredient sources while maintaining palatability in cat diets.

scholarly journals Feeding Canola, Camelina, and Carinata Meals to Ruminants

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula ◽  
da Silva ◽  
Brandao ◽  
Dai ◽  
Faciola
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Camelina Meal

Soybean meal (SBM) is a byproduct from the oil-industry widely used as protein supplement to ruminants worldwide due to its nutritional composition, high protein concentration, and availability. However, the dependency on monocultures such as SBM is problematic due to price fluctuation, availability and, in some countries, import dependency. In this context, oilseeds from the mustard family such as rapeseed/canola (Brassica napus and Brassica campestris), camelina (Camelina sativa), and carinata (Brassica carinata) have arisen as possible alternative protein supplements for ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this comprehensive review was to summarize results from studies in which canola meal (CM), camelina meal (CMM), and carinata meal (CRM) were fed to ruminants. This review was based on published peer-reviewed articles that were obtained based on key words that included the oilseed plant in question and words such as “ruminal fermentation and metabolism, animal performance, growth, and digestion”. Byproducts from oil and biofuel industries such as CM, CMM, and CRM have been evaluated as alternative protein supplements to ruminants in the past two decades. Among the three plants reviewed herein, CM has been the most studied and results have shown an overall improvement in nitrogen utilization when animals were fed CM. Camelina meal has a comparable amino acids (AA) profile and crude protein (CP) concentration to CM. It has been reported that by replacing other protein supplements with CMM in ruminant diets, similar milk and protein yields, and average daily gain have been observed. Carinata meal has protein digestibility similar to SBM and its CP is highly degraded in the rumen. Overall, we can conclude that CM is at least as good as SBM as a protein supplement; and although studies evaluating the use of CMN and CRM for ruminants are scarce, it has been demonstrated that both oilseeds may be valuable feedstuff for livestock animals. Despite the presence of erucic acid and glucosinolates in rapeseed, no negative effect on animal performance was observed when feeding CM up to 20% and feeding CMN and CRM up to 10% of the total diet.

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