scholarly journals Transport losses in finisher pigs: impact of transport distance and season of the year

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Voslarova ◽  
Vladimir Vecerek ◽  
Annamaria Passantino ◽  
Petr Chloupek ◽  
Iveta Bedanova
Keyword(s):  
Transport Distance ◽  
Transport Losses

scholarly journals Application of Elemental Geochemistry in High-Frequency Sequence—Stratigraphic Analysis of Lacustrine Shale

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Hongliang Wang ◽  
Zehua Zhang ◽  
Jintong Liang ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Shige Shi
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Oil Exploration ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Frequency Sequence

The successful development of shale gas and oil in North America has created considerable interest in shale. The analysis of genetic types, the sedimentary environment, and the mudstone development mechanism within sequences is critical for evaluating shale gas and oil exploration prospects, exploration favorable zones, and resource potential. This study focused on the shale of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression of Bohai Bay Basin. Shale lithofacies division, geochemical analysis, and well-log analysis were performed for a sedimentary environment and its related elemental response characteristics’ identification. Based on the results, we concluded that the sedimentary environment of the lake basin evolved from the saltwater lake to the ambiguous lake and then the open lake to the delta. In response, we observed gradually decreasing Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios and increasing Rb/Ca and Fe/Mn ratios during the whole process during the reduction of the salinity and the decrease in PH value and sediments’ transport distance. The relationship between ratio elements and high-frequency sequences was initially established within the shale strata. Our results show that ratios of Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg ratios near the sequence boundary are relatively low, and ratios of Fe/Mn and Rb/Ca are relatively high, while ratios of Sr/Ba and Ca/Mg near the flooding surface are relatively high, and ratios of Fe/Mn and Rb/Ca are relatively low. Those features can be used as a marker for high-frequency sequence division of shale strata. Our results provided a new theoretical basis and technical method for shale gas and oil exploration and development.

Late Paleocene–Early Eocene Paleosols and a New Measure of the Transport Distance of Alaska’s Yakutat Terrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim White ◽  
Dwight Bradley ◽  
Peter Haeussler ◽  
David B. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Early Eocene ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Late Paleocene

Carbon Footprint Assessment of a Large-Scale Pig Production System in Northern China: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Zhou ◽  
Hongmin Dong ◽  
Hongwei Xin ◽  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Wenqiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Crop Planting

Abstract. China raises 50% of global live pigs. However, few studies on the carbon footprint (CF) of large-scale pig production based on China’s actual production conditions have been carried out. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) and actual production data of a typical large-scale pig farm in northern China were used to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or CF associated with the whole process of pig production, including feed production (crop planting, feed processing, and transportation), enteric fermentation, manure management, and energy consumption. The results showed a CF of 3.39 kg CO2-eq per kg of live market pig and relative contributions of 55%, 28%, 13%, and 4% to the total CF by feed production, manure management, farm energy consumption, and enteric fermentation, respectively. Crop planting accounted for 66% of the feed production CF, while feed processing and transportation accounted for the remaining 34%. Long-distance transport of semi-raw feed materials caused by planting-feeding separation and over-fertilization in feed crop planting were two main reasons for the largest contribution of GHG emissions from feed production to the total CF. The CF from nitrogen fertilizer application accounted for 33% to 44% of crop planting and contributed to 16% of the total CF. The CF from the transport of feed ingredients accounted for 17% of the total CF. If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used for producing the main feed ingredients is reduced from 209 kg hm-2 (for corn) and 216 kg hm-2 (for wheat) to 140 kg hm-2 (corn) and 180 kg hm-2 (wheat), the total CF would be reduced by 7%. If the transport distance for feed materials decreased from 325 to 493 km to 30 km, along with reducing the number of empty vehicles for transport, the total CF would be reduced by 18%. The combined CF mitigation potential for over-fertilization and transport distance is 26%. In addition, the use of pit storage, anaerobic digestion, and lagoon for manure management can reduce GHG emissions from manure management by 76% as compared to the traditional practice of pit storage and lagoon. This case study reveals the impact of planting-feeding separation and over-fertilization on the CF of the pig supply chain in China. The manure management practice of pit storage, anaerobic digestion, and lagoon is much more conductive to reducing the CF as compared to the traditional practice of pit storage and lagoon. Keywords: Greenhouse gas, Life cycle assessment, Mitigation, Pig.

Assessment of Power Consumption of an Electrodynamic Dust Shield to Clean Solar Panels

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. W. Chesnutt ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
Chang-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Particle Collisions ◽  
Monodisperse Particles ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Transport Distance

Substantial time and money have been directed toward photovoltaic solar power. However, mitigation of dust on solar panels has been largely neglected. The objective of this research was to determine the performance and power consumption of an electrodynamic dust shield (EDS) to clean solar panels as a function of dust particle size. We utilized a discrete element method to computationally simulate the transport, collision, and electrodynamic interactions of particles subjected to electrodynamic waves generated by an EDS. The EDS consisted of electrodes embedded within a dielectric material. 1250 monodisperse particles with diameters of 30–50 μm were simulated. In the absence of particle-particle interactions, an increase in diameter increased particle transport distance due to increased particle charge. However, inclusion of particle-particle collisions produced interactions such that an intermediate diameter yielded the smallest transport distance. Average power required to lift a particle off the surface was smallest with the smallest particle; however, power requirement decreased with diameter with a constant loading of particles on the EDS. Calculated from our simulation data, power consumption per unit area of an experimental EDS agreed with previous experimental studies. Our study elucidated important aspects of EDS operation and power consumption to mitigate dust on solar panels.

Effects of season and distance moved during loading on transport losses of market-weight pigs in two commercially available types of trailer1

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 3137-3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Ritter ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
R. Bowman ◽  
J. Brinkmann ◽  
S. E. Curtis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Losses

A Numerical Simulation of Diffusion Experiment in Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Qing Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Opalinus Clay ◽  
Isotropic Case ◽  
Diffusion Experiment ◽  
Deep Geological Repository ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Anisotropic Case

Safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal in a deep geological repository requires understanding and quantifying radionuclide transport through the hosting geological formation. Determining diffusion parameters under real conditions is necessary for the performance assessment of a deep geological repository where high level wastes are placed for safety disposal. The in situ diffusion and retention (DR) experiments are designed to study the transport and retention properties of the Opalinus clay formation. In this paper, a scoping numerical simulation is performed in Opalinus Clay, The simulated results for all the traces illustrate that the maximum transport distance perpendicular to the bedding is larger in the isotropic case and those along the bedding is larger in the anisotropic case. Tracer depletion in the isotropic case is a little larger than in the anisotropic case. Deuterium and iodide can be detected in the other interval but strontium can’t. Since the length of injection interval is shorter than the transport distance, the anisotropy effect is clearly measurable. This numerical simulation of diffusion experiment aims at contributing to the optimum design of the experiment. The results of this experiment will provide additional insight into the role of diffusion anisotropy and sorption parameters for radionuclides in clays.

Downstream implications of ultra-low flush WCs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Littlewood ◽  
F.A. Memon ◽  
D. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Solids Transport ◽  
Transport Distance ◽  
Drainage Design ◽  
Drainage Pipe ◽  
Flush Toilet

This paper examines some of the issues associated with the impacts of water demand management on the drainage network. In particular, it is argued that with the advent of lower water use WCs, much lower volumes and flow rates will be available to transport gross solids in sewers. The paper reports some of the results of a study to evaluate the performance of one such ultra-low flush WC in terms of limiting solids transport distance. It was found that the ultra-low flush toilet performed as well as a conventional WC, but only when connected to a 50mm diameter drainage pipe. The implication is that for best use of this technology, and other innovative devices, new building drainage design rules will need to be devised.

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